Kelas Fisika - Pengantar - Zainal Abidin

PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
Zainal Abidin Bandar Lampung, 17 June 2012
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
to contact me !
Email : zay.abidin@ gmail.com
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power of ten
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Why study physics?
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CHAPTER 1 Map of tectonic plate
Source : usgs 66
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 1:
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENTS
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PHYSICS CHAPTER 1 1.1 Physical Quantities and Units

Physical quantity is defined as a quantity which can be measured. It can be categorised into 2 types Basic (base) quantity Derived quantity Basic quantity is defined as a quantity which cannot be derived from any physical quantities. Table 1.1 shows all the basic (base) quantities. Quantity Symbol SI Unit Symbol
Length
Mass Time Temperature Electric current Amount of substance Table 1.1 Luminous Intensity
l
m t T/ I N
cd
metre
kilogram second kelvin ampere mole candela
m
kg s K A mol cd
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
Derived quantity is defined as a quantity which can be expressed in term of base quantity. Table 1.2 shows some examples of derived quantity.
Derived quantity
Velocity
Symbol
Formulae
Unit
m s-1
s/t
Volume
Acceleration
V
a
lwt
v/t
M3
m s-2
Density
Momentum Force Table 1.2 Work
p F W
m/V
mv ma Fs
kg m-3
kg m s-1 kg m s-2 @ N kg m2 s-2 @ J
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CHAPTER 1
Unit is defined as a standard size of measurement of physical quantities. Examples : 1 second is defined as the time required for 9,192,631,770 vibrations of radiation emitted by a caesium-133 atom. 1 kilogram is defined as the mass of a platinum-iridium cylinder kept at International Bureau of Weights and Measures Paris. 1 meter is defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of
1 s 299,792,458
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CHAPTER 1
The unit of basic quantity is called base unit addition unit for base unit: unit of plane angle - radian (rd)
rad 180o
1 rad
180o
57.296o
unit of solid angle- steradian (sr)
The common system of units used today are S.I unit (System International/metric system) and cgs unit - UK. The unit of derived quantity called derived unit
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PHYSICS
1.1.1 Unit Prefixes

CHAPTER 1
It is used for presenting larger and smaller values. Table 1.3 shows all the unit prefixes. Prefix tera giga mega kilo deci centi milli micro Table 1.3 nano pico Value 1012 109 106 103 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 Symbol T G M k d c m n p
Examples: 2700000 m = 2700 km = 2.7 Mm 0.00000476 s = 4.76 x 10-6 s = 4.76 s
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1.1.2 Conversion of Unit
CHAPTER 1
Table 1.4 shows the conversion factors between SI and British units for length and mass only.
Length
Mass
1 m = 39.37 in = 3.281 ft 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 km = 0.621 mi
1 kg = 103 g 1 slug = 14.59 kg 1 lb = 0.453 592 kg
1 mi = 5280 ft = 1.609 km
1 angstrom () = 10-10 m
Table 1.4
1 kg = 0.0685 slug
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PHYSICS
1.1.3 Dimensional Analysis
CHAPTER 1
Dimension is defined as a technique or method which the physical quantity can be expressed in terms of combination of basic quantities. It can be written as
[physical quantity or its symbol]
Table 1.5 shows the dimension of basic quantities. [Basic Quantity] [mass] or [m] [length] or [l] [time] or [t] [electric current] or [I] [temperature] or [T] [amount of substance] or [N] Symbol Unit kg m s A K mole
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M L T A@I N
Table 1.5
PHYSICS
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Dimension can be treated as algebraic quantities through the procedure called dimensional analysis. The uses of dimensional analysis are to determine the unit of the physical quantity. to determine whether a physical equation is correct or not dimensionally by using the principle of homogeneity.
Dimension on the L.H.S. = Dimension on the R.H.S

to derive a physical equation. Note: Dimension of dimensionless constant is 1, e.g. [2] = 1, [refractive index] = 1 Dimensions cannot be added or subtracted. The validity of an equation cannot determined by dimensional analysis. The validity of an equation can only be determined by experiment.
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PHYSICS

Zainal Abidin Bandar Lampung, 17 June 2012

Why study physics?

CHAPTER 1 Map of tectonic plate

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENTS

PHYSICS CHAPTER 1 1.1 Physical Quantities and Units

unit of solid angle- steradian (sr)

Examples: 2700000 m = 2700 km = 2.7 Mm 0.00000476 s = 4.76 x 10-6 s = 4.76 s

1 m = 39.37 in = 3.281 ft 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 km = 0.621 mi

1 kg = 103 g 1 slug = 14.59 kg 1 lb = 0.453 592 kg

[physical quantity or its symbol]

Dimension on the L.H.S. = Dimension on the R.H.S

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