Lab # Two: Anthropometry

Lab # Two : Anthropometry
Lab # 2: Anthropometry
April 26, 2014
Objective
To understand the concept of Anthropometry.
To gain practical experience in collecting and analysis anthropometric data.
To know how to design Anthropometric products
Lab 2 : Anthropometry
4/26/2014
Introduction
Ergonomics is to design efficient and comfortable products. ( How?) Ergonomics is to make your body relax, your morale positive, and your mind focus. Human considerations are: a. Physiological b. Psychological c. Mental
Lab 2 : Anthropometry 4/26/2014
Introduction
(Cont.)
To assess the fit between a person and their work, ergonomists consider The job being done and the demands on the worker. The equipment used (its size, shape, and how appropriate it is for the task). The information used (how it is presented, accessed, and changed). Ergonomics draws on many disciplines in its study of humans and their environments, including anthropometry, biomechanics, physiology, and 4 Lab 2 : Anthropometry 4/26/2014 psychology.
Anthropometry
Anthrop (man)
Human Measurement s
metry (mea.)
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Anthropometry
The science of designing suitable outcomes for the maximum envelope of people with taking into account the distribution of relevant body
measurements.
The science of design optimization
April 26, 2014
Anthropometry
Anthropometry is the science of measurement and study of the human body and its parts and capacities. Is the branch of ergonomics that deals with body shape and size. The science of measuring the human body in order to ascertain the average dimensions of the human form at different ages, and in different divisions of race, class etc.
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Anthropometry
April 26, 2014
Anthropometry Step by Step

1.
Decide
who
you
are
designing
for
(user
population).
2. 3.
Decide which body measurements are relevant Decide whether you are designing for the 'average, Range extremes, or for Adjustable
4.
Think about other human factors
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Step # 1: User Population (Who?)
First of all you need to answer the 1st question: Who are the users??? to design an office chair, you would need to consider dimensions for adults of working age and not those for children or the elderly. To design a product for the home, such as a kettle, your user group would include everyone except young children (hopefully!). To design alarm system, user group would include adults, children, and wheelchair users, etc
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Step # 2: Body Measurements (For What?)
You need to know which parts of the body are relevant to your design. For example, if you were designing a mobile phone, you would need to consider the width and length of the hand, the size of the fingers, as well as grip diameter. Wouldn't be too interested in the height or weight of the user (although the weight of the phone might be important! Why????)
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Step # 3: Average or Extreme?
Nobody is 'average' in all body dimensions. Someone might be say, of average height but have a longer than average hand length. The variation in the size and shape of people also tells us that if you design to suit yourself, it will only be suitable for people who are the same size and shape as you, and you might 'design out' everyone else!
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Measurements Distribution
According to the factors mentioned above, the measurement of the humans body dimensions are inherently varied. There is no exemplary (ideal) design, why??
All we can do is to strike the balance by designing for optimum envelope of people ( optimum design). Design for (50th percentile) Design for extremes Design for adjustable range
Percentiles
(Cont.)
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Designing a door height
For example, if we were designing a doorway using the height, shoulder width, hip width etc., of an average person, then half the people using the doorway would be taller than the average, and half would be wider. Since the tallest people are not necessarily the widest, more than half the users would have to bend down or turn sideways to get through the doorway. Therefore, in this case we would need to design using dimensions of the widest and tallest people to ensure that everyone could walk through normally. (Extremes)
Designing a door height
(Cont.)
Usually, you will find that if you pick the right percentile, 95% of people will be able to use your design. For example, if you were choosing a door height, you would choose the dimension of people's height (often called 'stature' in anthropometry tables) and pick the 95th percentile value in other words, you would design for the taller people. You wouldn't need to worry about the average height people, or the 5th percentile ones they would be able to fit through the door anyway
Designing an Airplane Cockpit
At the other end of the scale, if you were designing an airplane cockpit, and needed to make sure everyone could reach a particular control. You would choose 5th percentile arm length because the people with the short arms are the ones who are most challenging to design for. If they could reach the control, everyone else (with longer arms) would be able to.
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Deciding whether to use the 5th, 50th or 95th percentile value depends on what you are designing and who you are designing it for.
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Step # 4: Other Human Factors (+, -)
You may need to add corrections for clothing. Have you allowed for shoe heights? You generally add 20mm for fairly flat shoes, and more if you think users will be wearing high heels. If your product is to be used somewhere cold, can it still be used if someone is wearing gloves or other bulky clothing?
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Body Measurements
Static Dimensions
Taken when the body is fixed (static) position. Skeletal dimensions (between the center of joints, such as between elbow and the wrist) or of contour dimensions and surface dimensions such as head circumference.
Dynamic Dimensions
Taken under conditions in which the body is engaged some physical activity. In most physical activities (where one is operating steering wheel, assembling a mousetrap, or reaching across the table for the salt).
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
It is a statistical measurement which compares a person's weight and height. It does not actually measure the percentage of body fat, it is a useful tool to estimate a healthy body weight based on how tall a person is.
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Body Mass Index
(Cont.)
It is easy in measurement and calculation, so it is the most widely used diagnostic tool to identify weight problem within a population including: Underweight. Overweight. Obesity.
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BMI Formula
Body mass index is defined as the individual's body weight divided by the square of his height.
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BMI Interpretation
Category Severely underweight Underweight Normal Overweight Obese Class I Obese Class II
BMI range - kg/m2 less than 16.5 from 16.5 to 18.5 from 18.5 to 25 from 25 to 30 from 30 to 35 from 35 to 40
Obese Class III
over 40
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Body Dimensions (Static)

Symbol Expression
A B C D E
Stature Elbow Height Hip Height Knuckle Height Chest/Bust Depth
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Body Dimensions (Dynamic)

Symbol F G H I J K L M N O P
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Expression Sitting Height Sitting Elbow Height Shoulder-Elbow Length Shoulder-Grip Length Elbow-Fingertip Length Hand Length Buttock-Knee Length Buttock-Popliteal Length Popliteal Height Knee Height Foot Length
Lab 2 : Anthropometry 4/26/2014
Body Dimensions
Symbol Expression
Shoulder Breadth
Hip Breadth
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4/26/2014

Lab # Two: Anthropometry

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Lab # Two : Anthropometry

April 26, 2014

To understand the concept of Anthropometry.

To gain practical experience in collecting and analysis anthropometric data.

To know how to design Anthropometric products

The science of design optimization

April 26, 2014

April 26, 2014

Anthropometry Step by Step

Think about other human factors

Step # 1: User Population (Who?)

Step # 2: Body Measurements (For What?)

Step # 3: Average or Extreme?

Designing a door height

Designing a door height

Designing an Airplane Cockpit

Step # 4: Other Human Factors (+, -)

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Body Mass Index

Obese Class III

Body Dimensions (Static)

Stature Elbow Height Hip Height Knuckle Height Chest/Bust Depth

Body Dimensions (Dynamic)

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