CHAPTER 6 - NUTRITION

6.5 - THE PROCESSES OF ABSORRTION AND ASSIMILATION OF DIGESTED FOOD

Absorption of digested food in small intestine

In ileum, 2 processes occur :
Digestion Absorption

Process of digestion is completed in the ileum to produce

simple sugars ( ______, _______ and _______) amino acids Glycerol and fatty acids

Absorption of digested food in small intestine

Process of absorption (occur in ileum) to absorb the products of digestion into the blood capillaries and to be used bt the cells in the body
Finger-like projection (villi)

Absorption of digested food in small intestine

Products of digestion = absorbed into body by small finger-like projections called villi (singular : villus)

Villus
Structure in the walls of small intestine Villus contains:
Networks of blood capillaries Lymphatic vessel called lacteal ( center of the villus)

Villus
Adaptation of small intestine to aid absorption
Long and coiled increase the surface area for absorption Lining of the intestine is folded increase the surface area for absorption Epithelial cells lining the villus is very thin to facilitated of digested food. Many villi and microvilli to increase the surface area for absorption Each villus has network of blood capillaries to transported digested food that has been absorbed Villus has lacteal to transport glycerol and f.a

Structure of villus
Via simple diffusion through epithelium of the villus

Villus
Blood capillaries
absorb

Lacteal
absorb

Diffuse across thin epithelial of villus

Glucose amino acid minerals vitamin B and C

fatty acids glycerol vitamins A, D, E and K

Carried by thoracic duct into blood stream via the left shoulder vein liver (distributed to body cell by circulatory system

Carried by hepatic portal vein to liver (distributed to body cell by circulatory system

Absorption of Water and Minerals in Colon

Large intestine consists of :
Caecum = part where small intestine joins with large intestine Colon = longer part of large intestine Rectum = the last part of large intestine

Intestinal contents (has not been absorbed in ileum) pass into caecum to colon

Absorption of Water and Minerals in Colon

Colon absorb much of the water from indigestible food residue become more solid as it passes along. Colon absorb : 90% water and mineral

Label the villus

Answer

Assimilation
Process where the products of digestion are utilised in the body cell to form complex compounds or structural components. Glucose oxidised in body cells during respiration to produce energy Excess glucose converted to glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.

Assimilation
Amino acids synthesise various proteins such as enzymes, antibody, plasma membrane and protoplasm. Excess a.a broken down in the liver and converted into urea(urine) Lipids(fats droplets) to build plasma membrane and cholesterol Excess lipid- stored as adipose tissue below skin, abdomen and around internal organ.

Assimilation
Mineral calcium- strong bones and teeth Iron synthesise hemoglobin in r.b.c

Liver
Largest gland Carries out assimilation and acts as storage organ Receives the products of digestion dissolved in the blood via hepatic portal vein Main fx of liver:
Storage nutrient glycogen, fat, iron Processing the products of digestionconvert excess glucose to glycogen and vice versa

Liver
Fx:
Detoxcification- toxic substances alcohol and drugs into less toxic in body. The product of detoxcification excreted in urine. Breaks down of lipids in storage to provide energy Production of bile Removal of damaged rbc Synthesise vita A and blood clotting substances