f , I I

01'

AND TO
I
RBPBINTED FROH THE OFFICIAL


.. , 200 B 0
PHIL. DELPHI :
,.


1844.]
gation would be broken by ba1lo\\' at lo\\' nnm rous durin th day, and two
Bearina in the ri 'er, \V cau J1t by th p opl .
7
ere aaain forced off by h Late in he afi noon \V di ov r d im-
around to :vard a clun1p ber \VI ich 1va ound ro ro of ak
of tr,e on the iver and finding th re good lre on a dry ar-.-royo. r l e rain lll .. b had
encamped. be ptairie"' along the fa. len in fr qu nt r p d d in a
eft ban)< are alive ;\ ith imnten e drove of : at un e \'i 1 a tr n \'ind h.
; and they had been seen during \Vept o " he c)o d and fl l ar ky
the day at every openincr thfiough the \\'Ood Riding on thro 1 1 in1 r a ut dark
hich affolit!ed u a ie\v tb r. found abun an va er in ma11 J on d.... _
....... atitude, by ob!Servation, ,37 0 00" Jon- o 30 yard in am t r 'ith I ar d p
gitude l 20 45' " . \ ater and san y d ord r d i h .....
Ap1 il 5. During the earlier part of the tn h (J.Ilncu. flu us) a Jd a a 11 u!lo;;
.... ride the country a lac us- ( cirpus lacu t i ). 'el ,,e l1 1 nd r-
trine appearance; U1e ri\"er ;-. aJ deep and f,ounded near t.Jhe mar(r,in \Vith \\ i11o v ttfi
1
P
nearly on ale el \\dtb the urroundin oun- in blo m ; amon them ;\" Jich m-
ry i bank raised I ike a le\e:) au frin .. bled al nnrricoid . . l1 a of th
ed \\'ith "illou . 0\ er the plain li ve the !'o. ame ai ad n i n"--,'"'
:vere intcli p r d pots of prairi among
1
'i th In all lea\. n 1 Hh h f """!'l;;jj
tiel f tule (bul u 1 e ... ), \VJ1ich in tl1i coun- oa' and rming ;\ i h t e r r en
try are caHed tula,e.", and l1ttl n oak, tb har-ac erj ... "c tr of the lley.
he pp ite id , a line of im er 1va ,si- pr-i . Afi er a id f t:,o
bl \vhich, accordin to infor1nati n
3
points h bru-h a d op n ache
out . h cour e of the slough, ;vhi h at ti rn lar e trearn . call d the ir r of the .......
of hi h tter oonnect.... the n J a- r in fize he an ioaquin, and
quin ri \ r a lara bo y of wa er in h beincr ab u I 00 nr hroa . i the
pp r p( rt of the vaUey the Tule princi I tributary t he u1e lakel.;;!l '1ich
a e. . rl'he river and a11 it longh. ar lie t all the ate in the 1pp r r of
ery fn U, and it i .... pr bable lha the Ia e .. . the \a y. \ hiJ i\-e i\
1
er earcl i 1 for a
no\V di charging. I-Iere elk frequent- fo d, orne Ir d"a appear d on the pp .:llte
ly tnrted ana ne \Va l1ot ou of a b nd , bank: and 1a fin _ di oler d that ' 'N"' e
,; ,hie . ran a o nd us. n our the not ani ... 1 ... oldier ... ,. ho\' d u the ' y o
.. ierra maintain t: nn :v T hei l1 .. and a o d foJid veral m 1 :o. a. .. e.
m sse of ... no appear to descend er ' lo\ he ndi n o he . i rra rna r q tent
o\ ifard'"' the plain ... robably the ]at . a d .... oent u n th men a t he
'"n he y "'ere no\v n the mo; a--t ange, J 1 h y e p 11 tan -
e r{ , Ued 3 m1lrs: a11d enc.<tn1pe I on tlae :\'" p f }Jor e.., .. am . 1 rn rem n '" rJ o
ri\'er. _J 11!!'itud of the amp 1 0 2 ' n called hris ian _ 1di n : b i .. ...,..-
3 r' and 'tt ti tude 36 9' l.-/' . trom pan i ,h m ion . - h w
JJril 6.- rter ba\'inO' fifteen , in ocr:,un tile_ r a _ el-
mile alon_ the river \V 11 de an early halt . ve 1a.
1
c. a t1es of . co fol-
nd r 1 1 hade of } tr e e lo,-. t11 m acr s
:v lot nd be .. an Joaqui 1 con1ing do\vn en er the ier a.- .
m t ierra a "C terl and 1 n the rde e found
checki 1 ur ,. aH it tribu arc bad or fiflt n ian
1
ho ad m
..
r riou y done. e had x ct d to ra , rom he ill lo r.. e m ....
the river but round ood o d and e1 .. me mall reL an n ted m o
can1p on th opJ o&Jite bank l here ro ompa:ny 1 o our enc mpmen
f , ild
10
ri:: ' r a in - 1 f du;; fter bout -hTiee m te t u h 1n
on h rniri . o1urnn f moke er rove \' made on he r . e maLJI<--
. ib 1 e di ti n f hP u e Ia e o r p in ip U - n accoun o u anmal .
th tJ ' B obabl ... 1d1 d in the - T 1e J ian brou bt ot er - and t:t!
ar b ,
1
i n a .. nal th t there of l;:h a d b d made f om o
rr in h alJe rade.. ... non rr h 01 .. 10 d
rold
1 e
rnade, n t 1th . har-d mar h in a corne. to i e amen e ... e lndi n- :\' en he
r n fr m mo 11 in until 1 iu t nli.._ ... ere bro up and o p -e
J c h . _ m ' Jled by .. uenll . her inforn1ed u a
r e from - 1e an e , cal ed by the- p niafi zan ito
nter .... . f te T le ake ... :: (t ine) i.:tinc 1 n f om the '"1 er ibes
""''"' o er a , r ' I rairie o be untain.... I e r o e n-
country. . e w \l ol "e lr nentl urin en ... elve .. ery nsec _ e no kno --i
be da pro"'lin about aft r the younu ru1- ha unf re een mom nt the iu of I t-
and ou
telope, c nrot run ' 'ery fa 1. ter ma be i ed on them.. They are ark
186
ARRATIVE.
s inned but handsome and intelrgent I n- ycamore, looked very refre...,bing among the
dian.. and live principally on acorns anti the sandy hills.
oots of the tule, of which also their hut In the evenincr \Ve encamped on a large
made. creek \Vitb abundant water. I noticed here
By ob e ation the latituda of the en in bloom, for he fir-t time since leaving the
ca.mpment i 36 2
1
50'', and longitude kan:-a ;va er, , the tirabilis Jala1Ja.
119 41 40". pril long our road to-day the
. .c::april 9. For everal mi!es \ve had very country \Vo. altogether andy and ve etation
.. (] raveUincr over \vhat is called rotten Eplu1dra occillentalis, \vhich 8 '
"round, in which the hot e frequently had fir t eell in the uei hborhood of the
tp to their knee . .. aking O\Vard ... a hne Pyramid lake, made iu appe _ranee here: and
of timber, \Ve found a mall fordable in tbe conr e of the day becatne very bun-
beyond which the country improved, and the dant an . in large bu.J To\vards the
gtas became e .. and, c o sing a close o the afternoon, \Ve reached a tolera
nun1ber of dry and timbered arroyos, e bly large ri\'er 'vhich into a small
traveHed nn il late tb o h ope11 oal rove.,;, lake a h head of the valley; it i
and encamped among a collection of r.:!t.ream'"' . hirty-five ard ,-..ide, 'vith a tStony an
These ere running among ru-.-he and \VH- gravelly d, a1 d the \viftest trealn \Ve
lo\vo.;; ar d a usual, flock of blackbird have era e I ince Jeavi g the bay. rhe
annonnced our 1pproach 'vat r. 'i e l ottorns p odu ed o tTra hou b 'vell
have here a proached near r o tin1bered \ i 't w "llo\v an tton\v od ; and
t.he aste n ierra 'vl1ich ho\v ery plain- fter ndi 1! it for s ve al mile. \VO 1n de
ly ill cove ed IVith rna e of now, \\' hi h a Ia e nc 1npment on a l i tie bottom, \rjth
.. ee!terday an to-day ha aL.o appeared canty gr . u r a er pa , he v e a-
abundant on he oa t Ranrne. - tion along our roa con i ted O\V of rare
pril l 0. To-day 've made anoth r Ion" and ual plante nmong ,..., ic many
journey of about forty mil s through entilely ne
and tla \Vith very long th b tom l hie e on i...t-
1ittle grass and a oil in \Vhich e\rer I in f veral varietie f whrub '
br nche-w croli;'sed had lo their ,ater. made ere their fir..,t a I p a L nee; and an1on
In the evenn the of the country be- these 'va ... Garrya ellptica (Lindley), a mall
hilly; and,. turnin a fe\v mile,.. p tree belon ing to a ery peenl iar natural
o rd he mountains \ . e found a good er. order, and, in it general appea an e ( row-
campmen on a ll etty tt am I idden among ina n hi eke embHn 'villo rv. , no
he hi 1 and aud omely timberd princi: became common alon the , u t}-
p I y ;vith large cot on vood-- (VJopulus difter- quently supplyi g the place of al"x lo -
from any in 11chaux' ylva). . 1e jolia.

3
_ 'e""" ... els of thi t ee ere no ., ju .... t abo "t pril 13. Tlae \\'ater low, and a
bu in . 1nile above \\'e forde he ri\ er at a
ever:tl ndian came down tl e l'i -er to and marche in a ou ea terl direction
e in he \'enin we e t em upper, o. e1r a e b okean count y. The rno1 ntain
a d ca tioned 1em a inst alina ot r \ e . o ery nea I, c ., , ion ally l om in
l1or e-.. : ch he' p omi .ed no attemp . ou u , fo . In a e :v l1o. m \Ve acl e
p il 1.. roa tra1l alon the i rer the bottom of cree rithout '"a r, o rer
he e ta .. e._ out amon_ the h n . ,. u n hicl e andy b d ., r i..,pe ... d ir
c mi o" ( ood oad) aid one o .. tJ c n- m ny nch . mm da ly Jtvh -e e
di n of ' hom \ve ha inquir about he truck t h imb r rmn d an belo '
10; and, folio\ in i ace rdin I , it to the ri h it 1a r ad b d f dr r and
ucted eautifiully throtJ a ery brok b re a1 d . There ere 1n ny r ,,; of
cou1 ry by an e ceUen va ;vh cb other- ndi ns and 10r e imprin th and, .
i e re re 0 n C :reme y . 'hie}, yj JJ h indic ti n . TID d U
,.._ ep t Jy the hi
1
1 . re e m 1\ , he r k !::! ina , o I f pa II
c fi I o l b , . er a .. hi h r b r call d a f e ... ..
1
e rn und. In a 0 a . le I c nd . :rail fo \ mile long h
a e ac of the co ntry i clo ely cove d I ct e w. and l1 d nl o 1n a tr am r \ er
' 1 um cicuta um her on y t . o 1 five ee de. runr n r"th a livelr urren .
. _ .. .. tc e hi h. I ei h and b a y but .. lm t imm dia e y. Tb_I
,-a e n a emar -a. 1e m n er th Jo.. litUe t m ho ve p n r he manner 1n
cali , ne in many o lace hi l e hicb be m untan .. ....e 1 e ..
. ed d .. ... he day, t earn and in and at the e tern oo of the ie _ra,
t'\V and thl'\ee feet n eiaht. The teavin onl r parched e ert and d pJaan ..
had no assumed a character of beyon .. The tream nl r. d pidly a.n
. ld1ty and he l -mrant reen f be tim be became abund _nt a -e a cended.
l1l e .. treams, 'Ooded ith fVillo ;v i1 oak, or nel.. pee of pi e made "ts appear.lJloe,
1844.]
rith everal kinds of oaks and a ,.ariety of
rees and the country cbanrring j appear
a nee ddenl y and entirelv -,ve found our-
again .. tr 'elli ng amoncr the old or-
' chard-like place"'. Here \Ve elected a de-
li _htful encamptnent in a hand orne reen
oak l1ollow: \Vhere, amon the open bolls of
tbe trees \Vas an abundant """\vard of gra
and vineu.. In the e\eniMg a .JJr stian
Indian de into the camp \veil dre sed, :.. ith
lonO' p rs and a son2b1iero, and peakina
pani'"'" h It wa- an 11nexp d ap:
and a trange and pleasant ht in
hL. de .... olate crorrre of a mountain an Indian
face jin ling .... and
hor-..e equipped after the panish manucr.
H informed me that he belon ed to one of
the 'pani h ani sion._ o the ou l;
t \ ' O or th ee d .. ride. and tlu t he had
bt i ned he pri I a \'e to 1 end a
\ r day'"' \ ith hi in he ierra.
a in een u. nter he Ja , l1e had oome
do 1\
7
11 ri it 1 e app familiarly
4. cquanted \'' ith the oun ry, and gave me
definit and lear informa ion in re ard o
tle d r f>e _ion ea - of the mounta1iu . I
ad en er d e pa \vith a tron (J' dispo i-
ion to ' 'ary my route and to tr,avel directly
3Jcro ... o
7
ard the lieat alt Ia e. in th
"
i e1v of obtainin some a guaintance with
the interior f the Great n, --in \VhiJe p lf-
1 in!!' a direct cout e for the frontier but
hi which de ... cribed it a'"' an
ari and bar: en de ert: that had rep by
its ,""terility aU the a temp of he
o pene rate it determined me for he pre ... en
o elinqui h the plan and,' greeably to hi
ad yice afl cro .. jn the 1erm, c ntinue
our intended ou e alon;g- it eastern base o
._
the pan It trail. By thi rou e a party of
i .. '" Indian_ had come rom a
river in h ea tern part of the deser o
r.ade ;vit b hi people, had j tarted n
, ....... eir re urn. lie \\'ould 1irn elf r 1 n the
n xt a r to an "ernando; and as o tr Tload,:,
rou)d - he anl or t 0 .. he 0 .. red
I
ervi e ... to con net u o far on ur' -a .
aladl T ace ed. . he fo_
.-...,.m \Vh t nt r r d i h vie Y..-:
in t e r I y ha n r r pa ... ; and
le t c e( y. Th t vhic bad n\
7
loped
l i [l lt lei h rh 0 0 f he p r -
r
4
e e r 1 rom i e nell d mon
be ul _ _. by ndi n"' 1i in_ 1ear 1 ak
:J nd r..l ich v in end t 'arn ili e in
h m un that th r ere r in
th ? n .. I p ition 1\'"a it Ia .. tud ;) 3
1 , I , n 1 u le l
0
a , 3',
. r z . ur 1 e j in d u n -
01 e trail: d rri ,in in b
....
o -ta11ce a an n t m \"'here cree
forked r .. c.ontin u.,d op he r _ b .. band
branch. \V} tch enrict b - a ... ion
of H ---ers, and han om ely o ed _ ith

158
C PT. FRE i
[18
up orne point in on 'vhich error sive tree in the vegetable kingdom. ollow-
bad lo 1 pr vaile . t bad been con tantly inu the hollow \Ve "'hortly came '!pon a creek
epre ent d a I have already tated, tha ed with large black oak, \Yhich yet
be bay of ,an opened far into the had not put forth a leaf. There was a mall
nterior by orne ri\1er comina dovln from rivulet of runninu water i\'ith uood gr . .
the of , he Rocky mountain"", and u on pril 15. The Indian who had accom-
iVhich ream the name of ' io panied the guide returned thL mo nina, and
. .A.Iuenaventu a hn.d been be O\\red. Our ob- I p rchased from them a saddle and
er\
7
ation of the ierra revada. in the onO' long spur , a reminiscences of the ti1ne;
di tance from he head of the acra;tnento to and for a fe\V of scarlet cloth they
the head of the I an Joaquin, and of the val- gave me a bor-e becatne
1 y belo v i v hich collects .. aU the of tood for other Indian .
tbe an bav bo\v that thi nei- V e continued a hart di tance the
her i n r can be he- ca-e. o river from creek in \vhicb our auide informed u
be interior d e or can eros the ier a hat I be \Va er very soon di appeared, and
evad it .. elf tnore lo y than e ocky tu ned dir ctly to the south aloncr he
mount in and a to the Buenaventura the fa t of the mountain the tr H on 'hich re
n1ou h of which een on -he coa t ve he rode appearing to the li1nit
idea and the name of the reputed gr at river f tra eJ . ;vhcre ;vater and gra terminated.
it in :fi . c , a mall stream of rto con-e- ro ing a low pur, \Vhicb bordered the
q uence, no only belo\v the i rra evada cr e]t . \ e c nded to a kind of ]Jlain
bu actually belo\v the ' ... t n ; king amona the lo\ r pur-s the de. ert bein in
ri:e \i i 1in half a deuree of he ocean, full ie on our lett appar ntly ill in1i
runn"ng parallel to i for abou t\VO de ree , hot lay over it to-day, hr u h \vhrch
and then falling into the acific near on- t had a 'hit . nd gli teni ng pp r nee;
ef'e . '"1 he e no opening from he ba of here an he, e a fe -g dry-looking buttes
n ranci-co into he interior of he coni- solated b1acl{ "due r ""e -uddenly up n ..
nent. ' he t\vo ri -ers \Vhich O\V n o i are 'There=, aid onr uide, tr tc 1in out h1
omparati ely short and not perpen icular hand to\var it, there are he gr tt llano
...-rs. e bu lat-eral to it and having (plain ) . no 7lay arrua no hay :acate uada.
th ir head:- towards and outhern al- there i neither ''' ater nor gralo:J nothin II
' r ia. hey open line- of communication every animal that goe out upon them, tlic..::."
nor I and south, and not e .. and _t \Va indeed di-maJ o look upon and hard.to
th thi :vant of interior communication concei\re o great a change in o o. dt -
om the n Francisco bay no\; fully a - ance. ne t ight ra rei tbe i\torld O\'er,
ertained, ives reat addi ional alue to the "'itbout tindinu a vaUey fre b and
olumbia hich a 01 e the only dant floral and y van mor 'I re
- ... e t i rer on he acific lope of our con i.. th bi and ani m I more oun eon ly
n l t tich lead from e can the \ .. ate ed tl a e had left in the n Jo ..
.;L'"'""ck mountan and open a lin of com- quin: he e 'fVithin a Y n1i es' ride a ""c"
..... ni_ a. fl 01 tl e e to e vaHev of 1e desert plain p ad b Fl re u , fvom vhich l e
--1 1 1pp1. bolde t raveller t ne a a in d pair.
our ompane s joined ou g id a he i ctly in fro, nt o u . ut orne di t nc to
p ..... and t o oina bac oon, the ot er he outh vard and runnin ou n an ea t
c on in compan_ . e c nding fl om , erly dirac ion from he mouu ain tretche '
e d . , e :r ached a ou ltly of fin r _ a i rra ha in at h ern nd (p rbap
-here 1e er um icutarium fin Jy j ap- i1e i an) om .. n \VY on
t:Ja.re . i i ' pl ce o. nn e llent qt ality
7
hic , by I .. fo n ti 1 of our "de, no
of bunch . Pa some Ji te 11 l e .
7
bere a a 1ch _ of u c ale de made a
amon groy of ! e blac,... a e ue a p a nc and it va impour..::J
o er a plru on htc. e . t . 'oid re ec ina pon our i n _ nd f!1
a pot "1ere a e uuee b 1 tlan "an 1 o iti n n tl i m oiit " 1tbtn
een illed b_ a pa ty of old" r hich had de re o be cific o n lr dy
une ra ed in the n_ountau1 fa out 1 of it e of ... or ter y; n d
o- ang o and . et.;;c 1 1ng oJ.. still orce on outh by ad er on one ned
.ow he a pran gu e on ,
1
e rer and a moun n r n e on 1e other g ud_
struc by. he u en appeara e of y'l.tCCa b. a civ"lized ndi n at ended y t '
trees, 1ch "e a t;ran e an o ern one m the i n a a hinoo ffom t
1
;
char.acter tJQ he conn an _ j e ell olumbia nd oo o ;vn mi ure of men
ith Je dry and de_ert i gion --e er-e ap- can F ench rm n a 1 rme our or
proaehin . ociated "itb the idea of ar five ]an e he at once ; aOO\'e a

n s, their t"ff an ng1acef orm dr-ed ofl-e nd . e
1
half ld; Ao:wer&taD.t
_ .. em to the traveller lie m t epul panish and ndian res es and equ1plllent1
159
interLningled such \\'a our compo-itiou. , an Buenar entur,a come .... in. ' he 1 ke i
Our mar h \\as a ort ofproce r-ion. out about rard in diarneter
he d, and on the flank ... : a r nt nd rear on .. the mar in b.' a 'hit
divi ion ; tbe pack anim 1 baagaae anJ by the meU, r 1ninded u'"' li b ly
0
horu cattle in the centte Yo and' the \\'hole ake b rt. 1.k re ar orne cott n ,...,.,. ""...,
t etch ina a quarter of a mil along our '' ith riU ' nd ld r
4
ar und he Ia --e .. an
dreary path. In thi form \\
1
e journ ed the \ o.ter L.. a ittl alt altl ouah ot n-
a. if \Ve belona?d to ia th n tirel r lliJ it. for drin ill .. J ere \V turn
to the u 111 ed tate of Ameraca. directl to the e ard I on the trail,
e continued in a utherly dir ction rbich; fr m bein_ eld n1 1 ed i _ Jm t
acros- the pl in, to \\ hich, a ''"'eH a- to al in1perceptibl ; and fl r , Hn e\v
the country far as \\A could -ee the Yllc.. ur u de halted: and p in in the
ca tree ave a trange and siu u]ar cha- vi'"'ibJe trail qu s ca1ni1 = d
acter. everal new plantr._- appeared! amon !1 : no se Jier.de m 1e. J in _
1vhich \'a a zygophyllac ou hrub ( y.cr d o 1t a bla "'k bulle on tl e pl in at b o t
phyllu1n alfornicunz Torr. and rean.), of the mountain, \Vhelie \Ve \vou1d find
ometime ten feet in hei ht; in forrn: and to encan1p at ni ht a.nd, i\rjng him a }re-.
in tl e pi iancy of i - br _ ncbe , it i-..; r.ather a nt of kni s a uJ carl t c1oth!t ' "e o ..
grace fr 11 plan . I leave a11e mall, cover- hand and p r d. . bore oif outh and in
ed \Vith a re""inou '" and 1 ar i tt- a r "de ould nrrh;'e at an
1
, roan o
arl_, he11 d and e .. J ale a o e of e e l 1 in tl i..., p rt f li-
in uJ r but 'ery and efr a , forni
7
h re the o 1 try i:l .... o bea ti I a
...... or. Thi hrul and the yucca \rith man , it i c ered a p an , e a11 o
arie ie of cac n m ke the it principal to\ n (P1.tebla de lo
eatur in tbe \ e tation for a long di tance i\ ould make it angelic. continu d on
th ea Along- the foot of the hrough a lcce-... ion of He} , a 1 came
mo nt" in t\ven y 1 ile to the 8outb\ alid a 1nost beauti ul p t o o\ve e d--:
ed of flo\ver. \\-erl ri ible dnri 1 the n tead of reeul he hill ern purple and
mornin!!, :\e .... upp to \"atie- orange 1 bf, en b db v icb
gated and e e rnp" dly durine- acb olor \ ra5 parately , I ered. a e
he dRy, l nd i b a t rn on en1er e fron1 tra co or, 'i 1t a brjght y 1 h ic 1
. he yucca at the foot of an outlier of red orange of th ppy 1 iualed
7
i 1 field-
the ; ierra b ore and came amon the of p rpl o\ r the sp t \vith a flo
fields of fto\Ye \ had en n tb 1norn- l a t .. n n te b rder of he nd d -
.;1
jn , '\\hich principally of tl e rich rt- .... eeme o n i the rn eller to o o
'ali ernian p 'PPY mio 1 d fa ther. idi1 o al a throu I p fumed
'..-rrith other -O\Vier- of brighter ach- air ... n r ntere a de Je o, r-
"' ng he op of be pur rhich wa .... co e ed ro r:n ith l e min u arte11zi st
'ith fine bunch r ' and \Vllere tbe hil tala, i\']licl conducted u inb a c nd r I i
rere \'ery reen our guide point-ed to a co e -ed molie or le..., dent.; ly \.rith of
mall hollo\v in the mo tntain before - YlLCca ..
.. n , ' a e te piedra hay acr t : lie pp ar- Ha Yin rr no\ .. the no
7
j e on our .. I
d to kno\v e ery no k in h co In try. _ e \ re con tin e nr to :\' r a I .. btctte.
o tinued ur b autiful r ad, a d r ach d a . belon nf!! a lo i ra i e I in an
pring in h e-. ope at the fi ot of I e rid .. ' 1icl r ude ha pointe r a d-
unntn in a gr en rn. rine amon mni nar .... ..l te in the ,av e f: mirar trJiowlh
er ni bt- hade, and b r er o of cotton o . a line .. of \\l ich .. 'lb e
uck ;v t. i h heir bite blo om- round head, indicaied ur app ach to reek
e r ni .. oc \..... attrnete . our no ice a - bich ':re acb he \\i"S.ter "' res
m iHar pl _ . . , ral nt I p er een out in o a little be O\V n - en"'
mo r h hiU nd lar re har .. J en f rel ere ou uid I d i ten ed i\re
'er eiJ ck thi. e en a 1 e c 1 of a hould e the I ia t; b t h re t a
il m I l1able pack, hich had bl de of ra_ . : hoping t fin e rer e
.,... na e ( the .. fi q en ly do) bide n n 1 a H tie fi r the I igh . 1\re u ne n
t If al n e road. the hundred a.r a e
v o . ati n I t"t tde o, camp fo od the - a fine tream: sixteen feet
- 3- ' ' and longitu I - 0' 00 ' ;\:i h rit c r.rent. .. d r p nig t
,._h ,. ne. t d y e m n e u n d i 1 t e o erto ... be11 e reached the hiiJs at
...... , __ "'e. the foot o l e rid e and e ere ob ieted
prit 7. C o w DO' 1e rd b a beau- to encamp vi ho as .. ..-in up .b-...
rul pa of hollo .. : her e em) dee imals ;ve eoul . ecure an he da . .
ro e ou of he hickets e emer ed at a 1e rea er part Ol the one ba n ree
..... n al lake in a allon lying early east r nge for the ni ht. Here be t eam was
an _ ere t ail rom the m ion of o feet ee it and cle r ing from
0
neigltboring no\\,. pea fe\v mile be-
fore rea. hing thi creek, \Ve had ed a
dry river bed \vhicb 1earer the hills
the bunter had fotn d a bold an handsome
str am.
pril l . orne par e.:; \\ere e)\,aaged in
ntin up the cat red : and other
in ear 'bing r gra '"' abov both
n c ... -f 1l= and late in the da ..
7
v. e encamped
atnonrr orne prina head of 1e ri er, in a
hollo\V ' hich \\a O\ ered ith only tolera-
1 r ood gra e ' the 0\\rer gr und beinrr en-
tit lv overrrro\vn \ ith lar e bunche of the
..
c ar .... e iff gra .--itchen .. is) .
1 :r Ia i nde b ob erv tion \Va 3 27'
..
0 11 and longitude 117 13' ''
Travellin I along h 1nou1 tai11, \\'
foH \ved up, "n he a te rnoon of I e 1 h
ano I er "'tream in hope to find a
pa ch i ,..e hat of the previ u a r but w r
deae \
7
e xcept 1ne ca t red but ch
her va n bing bu rock and au
and '"en he fi r ilit r of be m unta n m-
f} i\'itl1ered bv the air of tl de .. ert. m nu
..
tb fe tr e .. "aw the n pine ( inus mon
JJhylltt ).
nr road the next tla) \Va till Jl an
ea ..... erl V ( irection al DO" the rid 0 er r r T
...
ad tm el ina oun broken a co found-

d. \Vith ripple ree- and 1 rub ;
a er a difficult marcb of i h e11 mil a
eneral bout a1 unced tbat \ e bad s rue ...
he ea obj ct of our each THE P
TRAIL l\rhich her r nn ng di ec y
... ..,rth. The r d i ]f. au .. cource ver
.J ..... , 1aUy) appy i vere'W to . ince he
mi d e f ecemb r . re ha. con inuall ., n
or e - u h by moun ain d by de er ,
n no v ou d ha e to rna i. e.Q"ree

o 11or 1 re ain tb titu e on \ll ich
1e ' "'""hed be tocky mountain ... .
The ou e of e r ere Oli w ha
anted nd.. once 1n re 'e u lt ik
" .,
,.,..:,., home 11 r ravel on .. an
nht. ou """ r ul c n# ... I -

:1 .......... to njoyed
el -. iev .
[
people 'vho had over thi trail ;ve had
been able to obtain no correct information
ab ut it and the greater p rt of \Ve
had heard \\Ta found to be only a ti u of
. The ri\l'er that \Ve found on it
were never mentioned: and otber ... , particular-
y de;::,cribed in na;,, e an loc litJr "er ., ub-
eq . entl}r seen in another pa t of the cou1 -
try. t ra -cri bed a a letably oo
oad ritb o little rock a .. carce y to
require th a imals t b l1 d and '" und
t the r u h and roc t road \ve had ever
een in the country, and 'vhich nearly de
our band of fine mu e and hor-e-.
iany anirnal troy d on it v ry year
by a d i ea'""'e called tbe fo t e\
7
il and a tra-
eller h ld never \'enture on it ritb ut
ing hi animal,.. \veil I od at d carry-
nr .. bo ..
...... atit
0
3 ' 11 " ; and ong"t 1dt! . '1
13' oon.
The mornin of the _ d cl a1d
bri ht, nd a D0\1 y p ak o t 1t 1\ rd
ub n o t hi _h and ha_ply fin d. I a
b en u ual inc rv cro .. d hem
au d cen ed "ot t 1 hot pl in hod
a e f \ . od. e t:ra\ell d rn he 1.. ht
b 11 r of th ctr am over n \Vhicf t;
om \ rhat at d ha
7
e no rer ur b t
re occupi by ra iou::: bru . cl at
bold treatn 0 feet :\'i ,e, and e\1 I e
d ep, had a ... tr nge a ppeara . , L nnin le-
\
1
een perfi ctl y nako b k of and. 'I he
re, ho\\ ever, i... some\vl at relie :re . by vi[ ..
loY{ and U e be uti 1 of tbe \ eet
cotton\ o th '\\' b c j .. -.vell ., d d ..
e folio\ e alon_ t- cour-e the ri er
ln'""tead o aro\vinu con tantl r lar er c u-
= -
a l_ d vindl a\vay a t ab orb b_r
e and. rer J Oi e[l l k he
ol catnping pl ce ... of annual n e
c ra ' o :vhic1 l1 k 1 for t 1 a ot t
ma-de t eir lr p '"" a e. d . ve of -
'eral I nd 1n le 1VO d n
ire l y ,-. ..,..--
ou iVil mul i nee or
e, n i1 fifl n mile il n rtb terl 0
d
v .,a.....Ji e a e ri er tim re ;vi 1 old n rn m . t r re . y ... ,..
illo v h ,. .. e fou d a y r ion, t 1e le f o
bl h nim I c mpme t i .., ... 5
I t few day , r 3. h J d ttl! 1
11 e./t day o aUo T m be i e .. l i h .. c 1 1norn
e e e and no n , enf e r di app a . e c n 1nu eel
e ... a a e ry orable pace o make DD' e rv in ic after an in n l
it e 1a . t een u.... an 1e olorado o ab t ... i1 .. , he a er rea pe c n
,er r r a ;v tha e co n r a e ?... ome lo 1 ti ., .. h ton
en
tteme y poor in gra and ce for er, n vhere ;va. another o be
here being man j rnada ( a ' .... jo rney) c toma , mpin oun .. elle a arty
or long str,etc of orcy- t i _ mile.:, ;vi o ix 1 i me .11 camp .. p or and n-
o t where the road marked by and q i -e pina rth the character
of . the co n ry. hec arm ere bows of
m forana e met nn ual e , nd e c 1 1a large go'ta&
..

I T
61


trenr.rthened \\itb me he f cord in \ rhich top he lo,ver he e linin to\vanls
he carrit'd \V ter. They pro\'ed to I h the rl'ro and. It after\ ard .... oc urr d of m ler
ohahve Indian mentioned by our e ize, u ntl..r in o nd i v ry m-
uide and from one of tbem '\ ho ... p e g nt. 1 ha be n cnll d y r .. ' orr. y
pa.ni h fluentl r, I obtained me intere-..tina od he z oplirllac o, .........
nrorrnation, \Vh. c uld be 1a 0 intro- I lrub ha n tant.J r ar, c ri tic f
uce here. n accouu \" be people h1ha- th plain al n.,. he ri er: n re mon
bitinD' thi: ...,eaion 'ronld unr0 p e .. many 1e r pi _ntJ a ne 'e:ry rem rka-
int re t for the c vlized '. n journ y ble p ce .. o erioaon 1m ri ronum 'njltJ-
hcmeward ; ruitfnl in and th tum 'l,orr. rein.) ma r t apJ r-
country throu h which \ve tra althougJ an, .
a t afforded rn h to el,.cit he curio i- ur c.1.t le ha become o ir nd poor
ty at the botaoi. t but limite time and tl_e by tbi fi fg 1in tra , lHn that 111 of
rapidly aclr ncing ea on r active opera- them ver-e kiUe her an. he m a dried.
ion'"', obl i e me to omit a 1 extended The Indian J ad no\\. an occ ion !Cor a r at
an burry briefly o e concl ion of fea... and re occupi d he re a nd r f
bi report. tb d y and alJ be ni ht in iu nd a ..
The nd ian \ ho s panL.h had b en in . h r n t of d e n ,n I or
ed llcated for a number of at one of he 1ich t 1 did no fin orne u e. e "C pt e
pani 11 mi '"''"'ion ancJ a th br al'"i g 1p o bone . In t1 e afterno n \\
7
e 'ere urpri e
t o ... e e-ta Ji,hmen ,, had rue tl e , b the "ud en pea ance n the c rn o 'O
mountain..= \\'here he had b e 1nd b. a e "i an a 1nan and a , y. Tbe n o
arty of t ohah e (i-"ometime caH d he man \Va ndr,eas nt d o
_haba) amon" om he bad he boy (a hand...,ome lad, l 'ear old) a-
ince blo R nande ... . The) b Jon d to . arty
He poke of the leader of be pre ent pa - consh;tinrr of ix per on. he reru inina fi ur
as 111i amo , (my rn ter). e aid hey being the. nrife of n. d e f ther
hved upon a 1 r e ri\;er in e outheast an mother of blo
1
and o acome
lhicl the ' Jdier called Je Ro olora- re id_nt of Te r exico. T"tb a a) -
do ;.' but th t formerly portion of cade of a u t 1. rt r or< e , t ey 1 come
lived up n thi rhrer, and amona he mo n- out front oebla de o_. gele._ e ,r e
. in \ hich I ad bounded he iver ra e\r t Ut d r I e dance of .-com in
the north vard d rin the day a d L at }jere ''ance of he re t cam n " o
lonO' the ri 'er he y had ra1sed ' rion kind tra el nore a lei u e nd ob a in
f n1elono. ' hey ometime me over. to a inD' a an(.le . far Jnto e
tmde \Vith tlte ndia.tlv oft 1e ierra, br ain_ a con id eon i t nt 'th ir a et
th them bla pets and oo tnanufact fied the balte he ilelle, one of he

by the i onq i otl er Coloradn Indi n-. tomar., m ir rr round . ut. 0 m.: ... , .. I>J
Ther.: r,arel}' c rried home bor-e , on account frotn ou encc; rn .. re ther a p
of die difficult_r of ge in tb m ac11o the of o er I nfficie .. .. _'Yo
e ert, aud of uardio them after ar 01 clud to "a t I er the r 1 ' o
rom th a-utah n ia l \rho inhabit he reat e -eral dia n
ejm a he bead of the o irraen (ri rer di g abo t e c mp o
f the r in.) a.! o t ., a 1e in an , after .. -
_e r e u ha , ort ... tance be- n1 1n rer fr1endJ.. er : . h r
ow thi i r n( lly app e . Tb le itbo a a ennu an_'" pzc1
ifferent porti n in \\rhich er fo nd ad Their p r e t a IC
eci ve fror the prie. t d"ffer-ent lame.. . tal. In fe - d r a ter\Vard d-
nd u eq ently healid it called b _ the enly a of abon ne hundre dia .
p niard- h de la , ma but on e appeare iabt, d an n toVt"' he
map \re h . 'e c _lie it 1e _f oh h o ri er. c mp. t a oo Ia e, . the - no
pr z . e continued down he ream to ave ence of run o . e ro
( r ratb r ed) or a o t _ei h mile... mea ure of fi y and e ndtan .. , c r ed
t ere , a r fU in evern bo e.w do rvn .. to h camp hou ing e ad-
. . . .,.
d ncamp d.. Tl e ca a ns ometime anced, n : . c ar 1n tJY 1ft 01
Junf1 ue belo -.. to the en o 1e r er fr m P lo n uene... \T re n or e "r'''la
h. c there . rery lon J. nada of the m oun e cconr .. _e
I o e untr -. ne o t e tD
1xt_.. m e. , 1 ho t , er. ere en , om rtl1111.-
in0 Ia nd ne\ p cie f c eia, lit . pi- pal b"ec of e In i n o et
o or eed es .... e m d .. :fi pp r- .j n f th bo a of em im -
nne ecornin hencefilr 'aJid, for a c nAJ- di telv rrou de he n bnt, .. n abe i-
er b e i n , c
1
teri tic tree. ence be b u of i coLne. ue1 L s. rove
1ere c . _l tively u. e, e g aboll he anim and h e
t;t n eigl t, '"th Ull and sprea n "n ti ite o ' e1r ro\\-s

162
rest to their fate, carried then1 off at speed curred requently hencefor\vard along our
aero'""' the plain. ....no\ving that they \vould Toad ..
be par-ued by the .. : 'vithout making Beyond the first ridge, our bore
any halt except to their to other tle to the ea tot r ortb to\vard5 a gap m a
hor e::, thev dro 'e them on for about si " htgher line of mountains and, after tra 'el-
mile , and thi morning l- ft them at a \Vater- ling about t\venty-five n1ile.::, \Ve arrived at
ng place on the trail, called gua de To- the gua de 1lornaso the spPinCT 'vhere the
ma o. ' ithout gi'- ing themselves any tin1e horye- bad been left bnt, as 've expected,
for re t they hurried on to meet the they \Vere gone. A brief examination of the
pani h Caravan \vhen tbt'y d iscoveved tny ro nd con inced ll,:, that thev had been
camp. I received them kindly, taklng thern riven off by the ndian . ar on and
into my O\VD tnes and promi ed tbe1n uch Godey volunteered ith the Mexican to pur-
aid a n1ight put it in ffi}' ue them and \Vell moun ed, he three set
po'"er to gi\'e.. off on the traiL t thi ctopping place ther
25. ' e left be ri Ter abruptly and ':\'e e a few b tshes and \ ery little gra s. Its
turning to the north regained in a fe V mi]e \Vater \\'a a pool but near by \\'a fl.
he main trail (J.vhich l1ad left the river ""ooner \Vhich 1ad been dug out by ndians or trav-
than our el\e ), and continued ur 'ay eller.... Its \Vater'' a'"' cool .a. rea.t refresh-
acros a lo\ er ridge of tl1e 1nountain through ment to u under a burnin :r nn.
a mi erab1e tract of sand and gravel. ;e In the e\'enin Fuente returned hi
cr ed at intervals the broad bed of dry haling failed; bu arson and odt.y had
gullies \vhere in the sea on of rain- and contiu uefl be pursn it.
melting now- there \Vould be brook or rivu- I observed o-ni ah an ocot ltatio11 of a-
let and at one of where there "a anc i at the dark litnb of the rnoon, w ich
no indication of wate , \ere ..__e e al freo:hl}r- gi 'e. for th longttude of the plac 116
dua hole ... .. in \vhich there water at the lhe latitude bvob. f on i 35 13'
epth of two et. The e holes l1ad been 0 '' Frotn IIelvetia to thi place . th o i-
dug by the\ olves- \VhO'""e keen .... e of 1nell fon .... long the i XterrHning line are )aid do ll
a cented the wa er under the d y and. \Vith he longitude obtained from the l1ro-
1 ...... 11ey ere ce little .,ell-- rro\ ', and d g notneter :vb ich appears to have tetained it
stra ht do' 'D and :\'e go pleasat t ll rater T te re1na-rkabJy \Vell j but henc.eforward, to
out of _hem. the end of the journe.T= the }e\\T longitude
TJ e countr had no\,. ,_.umed the cha- iven e ab olute depending pon a
meter of an e]e t I and r de- qu nt occultation and eclip es o .. tbe a
s r i aeneral feature b in black oc y htew.
ridge-, b ld, and de-titu of tilnb r ' it11 In tt e n of the next day a
.... ndy ba-in" between. rh re ides of \vhoop va<!' eard ucl1 a Iodi make
- .. ece ridge- la hed by g the plain \\
1
hen retu nin rom a vic riou enterpr ..,e
.......... lo ,r trey; d b of lar e p bble and oon 'ar on an odey appear-ed: driv-
r rol ed tone , de true i e o our oft-footed ina before t em a band of
nimal"' ac u torned to he gr y lain by ent to part of those they bad ]o t.
o the acramen o alle.r. Th ough he e 'rwo bl y wcalp dan!!ling m he end of
ndy om ime- uled a cant odey nn .. announced that tl ey ad o "er-
or occ rret a _lole f ratn.r w 1i b taken tl1e ndian a... ;vell a the o e .
u ni h d C" mpin - und for -raveU o.. They inforn1ed u... that aft.er en left
req en 1 .. r in o r o 1mey acf noi,. hem from e failure of hii;;J hor""e he on-
. ible on he arro n in mountain but inued the pnr it alone, and ni ht-
ei ater r rei reac e e pla"n fall n re no1 nt: in , i 1to hi h he
eloiv he e e oile loug ppr s_ d "i h . 1n t the 11 aa re li h ,
t and a burnin ... un. Bu h 1 hou he mil b r mo n hine
nakedne 0 I d and m el, ere many in 1e i ht l ntere a ar-
beautitiul pt n n flo ering hru -. ch . efil nd d. c J \V. frai
occurred in man ne .... pecies and r-lith of lo.:ina i n the ark of h efiL ey
grea er 'iarie han re ]1a b en a Cl tom- ti p 1eir I Of "'e l' Ck DO ay
ed o ee in the m .... t l _ruriant rairie ooun- o rn to eep in il nee an n ar Y' e .
ries t was a peculiar" .. - o.. hi devert. Her I ey y rom m dni I n m rning ..
Even whe:fje no grass \VO ld take oot the _ t dayli ht 1ey re._ nmed th pur uit an
aked and would bloom with ome rich and a ut un i e di cov re be or e ;
nre fto er hich found its ppropriate home immediate I
7
i monnti u and yin up heir
in the arid and ba en pot. own they cr p cantiousl' o a rising
. attered over he lain and tolerab y h. ch intervened, rom be ere t of :vhic
abnndan \\r:;t a andsome leguminous brub., they percei ed ""he encan1pment of fonr od
tllree or four eet high 'jth fine bright-pur- c e by. They pr ceeded quiet y, hitlo
flowers. It is a new psOI"ialea and oc- gof Within thirty vr forty yards of tberr


I
jeet, wl1en a movement among th hotwe .. no\v. I r peat : i :-.ras ar n and y
di covelied tl em to the ndiaos iving the did h forn1 r an _ m r c n m
ar bon hey ""n tantly charge into the "n thl on""IiC.. unt f . owuOUri" .. , ... t
camp, egardle of tbe n tmber \ hich the er ,nchn1an b r in ....... "" ....... ::s-=-4Juuu
four lodge \Vould itnply. The Indian re- b tb trained to ... rn
cei ed :t e1n ritJ a tliaht of ar O\\' sho" life.
rom their long bo\ .. one of Nhich pa ed y tl j ion of
through Goc!ey hirt collar, ly 111i sin no\v to mak a Jon
the neck our nten tired tl1ei rifl upon a mile ac a J>1
teady aim and rushed in. \ o n ian I d l1e n am ye r urn-
ere tr tched on the rrround atallr ie c d our jo rn ., h ii, 1e rn n ""th th
\vith bullet- the e-t ed, except a Ja that I in 11tion of .. rn.veHi l" thr b I ht
\Vas cap ured. Tbe calp of the i 1 n nd a oidin I ce ... iv I t f 1
in tantly stripped off bu 11 tl e pro- rhicb oppr i r o ur anm I .
ce... , one of thelll ;a.rbo bad t r\
7
0 b n hrou h . e rem.l ho n . 1 e c .. o:ss
his body prun o his feet the bloo stream- plain pa"" in , a the oppo-.;i id , 1 u h
ncr fron1 hiy skinned be, d and ut rinu a a ca- on by t.h d f creek runnin
hideou howl. n old qua , hi nofic.hu ardly into a maH I e
mother ..;topped and looked ack rom tbe til of he1n i rr ry.. h m:
Inountain si e ... he :vas c.limbing, thr aten n moonwhin_r ni ll . an ' a . I j di_"
nd larnentil)O", 'I he ri htful ectacle ap- to be n rth a ' Te l1' n 1 d n '-u
a] led stout hear f our n1er .. bu tl1 }
1
aero"' au op n plain be ;t. en o n i
id hat hurnanity re uired _ and quic 1) ter- I i e a on h left beina bro n i .. . _
min ate the a on of e-orv
7
ae. and bald ccord i l to lbe ir m on f
-
Tbey \V re no"' m -ter'"' of the camp:
7
hich ar-on and Gode , -ho bad e1 tered belie in
vas -a little . eces._ in the 1noun in . pur u t of he hor-e.... . The plain ear c, ... "-
a fine sprin , and appafently Fe from rer d 11rin ipaU ., :1i h e =!if1iOphyl utn -
aU inva .... ion. Great prep 'ations 1 ad been JO: nicu?n air d enti ue an , e lin
n1ade to feru t a large for it a \i ery of our r a \V , 1 arked bJ' the iele n f
roper place for a rendez ous; and or the ho se bicb -,.,r a e n i era--
celebration of 11ch a roblJer- of tb ble brea th O\ er he plain. e r fief<
de ert \\rould delight in. e\
1
eral of tbe be t d- a}\, a_rs \\"arned on nterin one of
hor e had been rilled: kinn and cut up e e I no tre che ... , h} tJ e bone f the e
for the Indian li\ ing in mountain . and only animals hich b d i be tl ey
comi.n into the plain to rob and m ch be . a er.. L id 1i ht \Ye a -
nake n other of hor ... e- han to en then1. d a coi 1dern Ie tr am b . no \' ry
Latge earthen el, were on the fi1e, boilina di.'lc ar e h ' .. er of tb i ( e
te i 1 the l1o se beef; and everal it ollected a _ .. ) .. do \
1
1. h ...... ...... ,.,,""
et'", con aining fifty or ix y pa of in a 1wrth esle ly n. ee
ndicated the pre-euce or e pe ta ton -ed r\
7
a o r ro\vn brub ry, and 1se
-of a con iderable part .. hey relea .. ed be \rer;al hou for a t rou ht the
bov 1 o 1ad i en tron e\'idence of the ntranc of a can n ' 'r und
.. n1 or ,ometl1ing elo;;e, of he vage and en a1np_ d. bi_ . or
charac er n comn1encin hi upon r tb pan1 d o 1 n1(
1
efile or
bor c bead oon a 1e found 1e \\
1
a i a c e or ri er .e h oc.
10t t il1ed but e a a prisoner. ir: clo ... e, and rna... n .r o Na r
r bject accompli hed our men atbere . dlicul nd o1!en 1mpo tble o e
pall th Llf\'i i
1
bor es, fiE een "n . un1ber, n the mor nl . :ve ound tha "'e a
re,tum d p 11 their trail, an _ejoioed 1 a our ery p r . ound = ramp_'
camp n e fl rn on of the an1e day. hey al .. a 1 e l?nrr 1 hol :om
ad r I out 100 in be pur ui and gra ... ; a the a er: ;vh1cb o 1n
-"'turn, ,nd all in t irt, The time, lace, ing u etul onl_T to e e outh.
tije and number .: on ider d hi e .. e i- tirel o t:' It o dr n . - t oon
ion of rcon nd a 1e con i nd an roc y and 1 o orce
am on,. th bold t and.. mo fhich ba not been able o d .::n p r
hich t e annal of -e tern o.d \enture.. ""O their li e . e to tar e
. uU of daring de d an .

onndJ at e of {e h dre
n a a m e r pn u da 1 and n
1
h an among be o 1e o .....
nkno n b y of ndian into the defile of PfoJng of o_erably _ood "a e h c l
an u -no n mounta .. n a tack hetn on i ht: ehef ;o u ... el .. e ... bu the a
?ithout coun in numbe and defea them to emain long, an ere or-e N"e on nn _
"n an in nt and or 1 a ? To I on iv . . n the cree -
, ....... e robbe of he de ert and to a renge he of ... trolobtum oiJlfratum ( ....
ong of .... e:xcans Thom they did not bloom. nd very

Passing thrOUfYb tne canon, \Ve entered
another b si n tl ro 1rrh \Vhich th d y
etream bed contjnt ed its north\V
... e, in \\'hich directio1 . appeared a tigb

SUO\\ v moun t a u1.
'II
e travelled through a ba.rren di tr c.,
\Vhere a heavy wa blo\VI n 0' about.
th lo l_e sand, and, aCter a ride f ight
mile-, reacheCJ a la. rP-"e creek of salt and bit-
ter 'JVa e , runnng in ve-terly tlirec ion,
t o ecei e the trcam bed \\le bad left. I t i'
caUed by the p ni rd::; 1na gosa the bit-
ter \Vater of the de ... ert. 'fV ere \ e true .
i : the trea.m bend ; and on i nued in a.
n rtherJy cour e up tb ravine of its \'alley,
pa. r-- ng on tbe ay a ork fJX>m f e ri ht
nP. r \vhich occ rre , a bed of plan . , con-
8i ing of a rernark ble gen s of cruci-
fi rd!..
r dually aycendjng the r
7
i 1 opened
into a. reen alley \V here, at he foot of the
mount . in \Vere nu of e. ut ter.
\ e enc mp d atnon ro of t e ne\v
acacia and there an b ndar ce of ood
gr _ for I aui m, 1 .
'l,hi lVa the best campinu crrou d v, had
een .. ince \ re struck tl e pa.ni h trail. The
days journey va abo t\vel .. e
pri.l _ . I o-day \Ve ha , o r ach he
Tichilette, istant even mile ... , \Vhere the
exican part_1: l al b en attacke and leav-
inr:r o tr enca npment early, \Ve tra rersed a
. rt of the de ... er ] the mo t \.Jteri e and e1 ul-
i 'e t \\Te had yet seen. promi ent
etnre::i ere a . na ec; an d y.
on he plain a fa\ tracrglin hr b -
arnon bern, e ctu o uev n L arieties.
F llente pointe ou one cnH by 1e pa. -
ar s bi 1 t1A, ;vhic 1a juicy li ht-
1 cid n i eate by the tra' Ier to a. 'I y
thi r t. co r e \\ra ene llv north :

an , au er an inteT ening rid \ e
d seen e into a .. }" plc 1: or J' in, in th
i die of ch t e _ y pot, Ni b
i"' ... t:prin and bu .... h , rhich con .... ti-
ate c mpi plac in tb r n
c e he cl "lette. The d Hence of
1 place ominou a cl, llopin -
pi ly np, \\
1
e ound onl . the co p of the
t men: e' rytt i el 01 e. h y
ere , m tila a p .. e ce . "tl ar--
0\\' .. em a ez ev den ly , u t ru
iVIth d r tion. e 1 a ' nee of th
riJlo\ I lf- ace , ;vhich .... e red
famil , if h com out to m e
r, and to p 1 e it rom t 1n. 1 e
of hi han s, an both his leer , h .. d e n c
off. Gi come '''ho rva .... a lar n r n
ookinl7 mao in "none of the illo rv
._.a.tera pi ced .. h an .. Of tile
omen no t. raee o ld be ou d. and it 'Na
they ad been ca ied. oft' capti e.
l1ttle ap-dog, wh c had ton ed to Pa-
m ther,remaned ith e e d ie
rts.a

and \Va ... frant ic joy at seeing Pt blo
he, poor child, va- (jrantic ' vith grief; aud
fill d the ai r \vith lamentation for his !'ather
and mother. ... fi 11adre! i madre! ' s
hi ince -ant cry. hen \\'e b he I . his
pitiable iaht, and pictur d to on 1 1e
fate of \VO \VOnl n, carried off )V ... a\ra ..
g so bru al and o I ath ome all cuinpunc-
ti n fo tbe calpe -alive 'ndian c.ca ed; a 1d
'e rejoiced that a.r on and dey had be j)o
aiJle to give a t .. on to the e
merican rn.b... who lie in \Yait to zraurder
and plunder t e i llnocent travel er ..
e \vere all too m 1cb afiected by l1e ad
fee lin a \Vhich the pl, ce in pir d, o iu
an unn ce . a y moment. 'I he night \Ve
\Vere obli rred to p .. th re. arly it the
morning left it, havin fir t \Vritten a
brief ccount of h d h ppen d, an put
it io the cleft or n. p ie plan d t j J rinu
that he appr in cariJ ,. n icht I rn
th f: e oi their frie1 d . Jn cornm 1 nr J n
of the eve1 \V a Ued th . place gua de
1 etn nde erna1 dez . priua. By b er-
atiol , i lati n e \Va 5 5 ' ''.
1Jril 3 . e ontinned our j urney ,.
d i ric i r t tt a of he d y I f r ..
-.rom the . .ndy in in hich ra th
sprina, ' .. e enter d nothPr ba. in f l1 e ' e
char;. cter, surrounded e ery \I e by moun-
tain . re u tr tel ed a hiah range,
ri ibrr still higher to be left, and terminafug
n a L. no\vy n1ountain.
fter a day .... marci of.... mil v, 1ve reach
ate 'ening he b d of a ream trom \V "ch tb
\ 'ater h d di ; a little only rem iue
in bole... \ .. hich P d by di gin ;
n about a mil , ve, the tre tn 1 tt et
et i ely sun 'a I,; d out o er the ,
brdina a ittle \ ra er for th nir 'J he
cam ' t o th monr in on he
I ft, ery H htly ;vood d '" I c tt n d,
o , nd caci , nd e d a I
an gr _ a ner rly a ... c rce . a r.
plc t fVith h '\ 'Y y l o o ... ( 'larU y
nr " ifi Zia) occurre bund ntly t h 'a.l
rthe t t\ o y, a: er "Oft
11
1!,2-
um \V n ch r t ri pl nt .
ay .. 'rhe i i 1 1 n o , rc a ... ""'
1 a n . ' I y I ue
3
1e
i b . ur roa . o r ,,JO''Jtn .....
1 of rL u 1 in Y. op yllum
alifornicu:n , bl 1 i 1 a
.... Jio fl r, ri ic o tb
r y ; a c eli ery a u n a , 'U..I
IC "'b blo m, 1 ch nderfllU
ment t )i t o nt y.. 'e e camp'"''- ..
prn in pa , hich d bee tt
i e of n ol . re ound e c l-
en I t e y .e r ter. d ...... , ....
o t the old prina, nd \Va e d ... 01 rte our
nima .. , e 0111 in here de
ery i tly ;vi h the n t pine, ee a and
d rarf pecie o o ; and lnoog t