UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES

TALLER DE INGLS TCNICO

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y the last quarter of the nneteenth !entury" the #as! la$s of ele!tro%a&nets% ha' #een
for%ulate'( )a*$ell+s theory ha' 'e%onstrate' the ele!tro%a&net! nature of l&ht( In the
sa%e era the $or, of )orse -tele&ra.h/" Graha% 0ell -tele.hone/" 1ert2 an' )ar!on
-ra'o/" E'son -ele!tr! l&ht" .hono&ra.h/" an' %any others la' the foun'aton of ele!tro%a&net!
te!hnolo&y( 3et at the sa%e t%e the ns&hts of )a*$ell le' to #affln& questons an'
!ontra'!tons that shoo, the roots of .hys!al un'erstan'n& an' e4en of !o%%on sense(
0
Fro% the resoluton of these !ontra'!tons arose the theory of relat4ty" a theory that ra'!ally
altere' the .hloso.h!al #ass for our un'erstan'n& of the .hys!al $orl' an' $hose nfluen!e
s.lle' o4er nto all areas of t$enteh !entury thou&ht( The theory of relat4ty stan's as a
%onu%ent of hu%an ntelle!t an' %a&naton( It tras!en's the e4ery'ay $orl' of !o%%on sense"
an' sho$s us a un4erse $hose r!hness s al%ost #eyon' %a&naton(
)a*$ell+s equaton sho$ that ele!tro%a&net! $a4es !an e*st" an' that all su!h $a4es tra4el
$th s.ee' c( S.ee' c relat4e to $hat5 6hen $e 'es!r#e' the %e!han!s of a taut strn& n
Cha.ter 78" $e en!ountere' a $a4e equaton sho$n& that $a4es !oul' .ro.a&ate alon& the
strn& $th a !ertan s.ee'( A !ertan s.ee' relat4e to $hat5 Clearly" to the strn&( S%larly" soun'
$a4es .ro.a&ate throu&h the ar $th !ertan s.ee' relat4e to the ar( If you %o4e throu&h the ar"
the s.ee' of soun' relative to you $ll not #e the sa%e as ts s.ee' relat4e to the ar( -F&( 9:;7/(
Ea!h ty.e of $a4e has a !hara!terst! s.ee' relative to the medium in which it propagates.
6hat a#out l&ht5 6hat s the %e'u% throu&h $h!h t .ro.a&ates5 L&ht rea!hes us fro% the
%ost 'stant &ala*es" tra4elln& throu&h see%n&ly e%.ty s.a!e( 3et all our other e*.eren!e $th
$a4es su&&ests that there shoul' #e a %e'u% <an' that the s.ee' c n )a*$ell+s equatons
shoul' #e the s.ee' relat4e to that %e'u%( Nneteenth;!entury s!entsts" su..osn& that l&ht
$a4es $ere l,e %e!han!al $a4es" #ele4e' that l&ht .ro.a&ate' throu&h a tenous su#stan!e
!alle' the ether( The ether .er%eate' the entre un4erse" flln& the s%allest 4o's an' .er%ttn&
l&ht to &o any$here( Ele!tr! an' %a&net! fel's $ere 4sual2e' as stresses an' strans n the
ether( Ths %e!han!al 4e$ <that ele!tro%a&net! .heno%ena" n!lu'n& l&ht" $ere 'stur#an!es
of so%e su#stan!e; $as 'ee.ly n&rane' n the nneteenth !entury s!entsts #e!ause of ther
.re4ous e*.eren!e that Ne$ton+s la$s e*.lane' all ,no$n .hys!al .heno%ena(
The ether ha' to ha4e so%e unusual .ro.ertes( Frst t %ust #e tenous an' $thout s&nf!ant
4s!osty" or t !oul' not !ree. nto e4ery !orner of the un4erse( An' t %ust offer no resstan!e to
the %oton of %ateral #o'es" or the .lanets $oul' soon lose ther ener&y an' s.ral nto the Sun(
At the sa%e t%e the ether %ust #e 4ery stff" for the s.ee' of l&ht s lar&e( -If you %a,e a s.rn&
stffer" $a4es tra4el %ore qu!,ly alon& t(/ In'ee'" the !onstants => an' ?> %ust 'es!r#e the
%e!han!al .ro.ertes of the ether that a!!ount for the h&h s.ee' of l&ht( These an' other
%e!han!al requre%ents %a,e the ether a rather %.ro#a#le su#stan!e" #ut $thout the ether t
see%e' there !oul' #e no $a4es" an' the queston @s.ee' c relat4e to $hat5A $oul' lea4e us
floun'ern& for an ans$er(
The e*sten!e of ele!tro%a&et! $a4es tra4eln& at the s.ee' c follo$s fro% )a*$ell+s
equatons( 0ut ths result !oul' #e true only n a fra%e of referen!e f*e' $th res.e!t to the ether"
for f $e %o4e relat4e to the ehther $e shoul' e*.e!t l&ht to tra4el at a 'fferent s.ee' relat4e to
us( Therefore )a*$ell+s equatons <that s" our 'es!r.ton of ele!tro%a&nets%; $ere .resu%a#ly
!orre!t only n the ether+s fra%e of referen!e(
CONCURSO DE AYUDANTIA DOCENTE ESTUDIANTIL
No%#re 'el Con!ursanteB _______________________________________________________ Le&aCoB ____________ CarreraB ______________________
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES
TALLER DE INGLS TCNICO
Ths stuaton .ut ele!tro%a&nets% n a rather 'fferent .oston fro% %e!han!s( In %e!han!s"
the !on!e.t of a#solute %oton s %eann&less( 3ou !an eat your 'nner" or thro$ a #all" or 'o any
%e!han!al e*.er%ent" as $ell on a ar.lane %o4n& stea'ly at 7>> ,%Gh as you !an $hen the
ar.lane s stan'n& stll on the &roun'( 3ou nee' not ta,e the unfor% %oton of the .lane nto
a!!ount( Ths s the .rn!.le of Galilean relativity" $h!h states that the la$s of %e!han!s are
4al' n all fra%es of referen!e n unfor% %oton( 0ut the la$s of ele!tro%a&nets% !oul' only #e
4al' n the ether+s fra%e of referen!e" for t see%e' that only n ths fra%e !oul' the .re'!ton of
ele!tro%a&net! $a4es %o4n& at s.ee' c #e !orre!t(
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G4en the e*sten!e of the ether" t s natural to as, a#out Earth+s %oton relat4e to t( If Earth s
%o4n& throu&h the ether" $e shoul' e*.e!t l&th to tra4el faster relat4e to us $hen t !o%es fro%
the 're!ton to$ar' $h!h Earth s %o4n&( On the other han'" Earth %&ht #e at rest relat4e to
the ether( 0e!ause other .lanets" stars" an' &ala*es %o4e $th res.e!t to Earth" t s har' to
%a&ne that ether s e4ery$here f*e' $th res.e!t to Earth alone" for ths 4olates the Co.ern!an
4e$ that Earth 'oes not o!!u.y a .r4le&e' s.ot n the un4erse( 0ut %ay#e Earth 'ra&s $th t
the ether n ts %%e'ate 4!nty( If ths @ether 'ra&A o!!urs" then the s.ee' of l&ht %ust #e
n'e.en'ent of 're!ton" #ut f ether 'ra& 'oes not o!!ur then the s.ee' of l&ht %easure' on
Earth %ust 'e.en' on 're!ton( Throu&h o#ser4aton an' e*.er%ent" nneteenth;!entury
.hys!sts sou&ht to resol4e the queston of Earth+s %oton throu&h the ether(
I%a&ne stan'n& n a ranstor% $th ran falln& 4ert!ally( To ,ee. 'ry" you hol' your u%#rella
$th ts shaft stra&ht u. -F&( 9:;Ea/( 0ut f you run -F&( 9:;E#/" you $ll ,ee. 'rest f you tlt your
u%#rella for$ar'( 6hy5 0e!ause then the 're!ton of ranfall relative to you s not stra&ht 'o$n
#ut n an an&le -F&( 9:;E!/( Ths ar&u%ent .resu..oses that you 'o not 'ra& $th you a lar&e
4olu%e of ar( If su!h an @ar 'ra&A o!!urre'" ran'ro.s entern& the re&on aroun' you $oul' #e
a!!elerate' qu!,ly n the hor2ontal 're!ton #y the ar %o4n& $th you" so they $oul' no$ fall
4ert!ally relat4e to you -F&( 9:;E'/( No %atter $h!h $ay you ran" as lon& as you 'ra&&e' ar
$th you" you $oul' .ont your u%#rella 4ert!ally u.$ar' to stay 'ry(
Ths u%#rella e*a%.le s e*a!tly analo&ous to the o#ser4aton of l&ht fro% stars" $th the ran
#en& starl&ht an' the u%#rella a teles!o.e( If Earth 'oes not 'ra& ether $th t" the 're!ton fro%
$h!h starl&ht !o%es $ll 'e.en' on the %oton of Earth relat4e to the ether( 0ut f the @ether
'ra&A o!!urs n analo&y $th F&( 9:;E'" then l&ht fro% a .art!ular star $ll al$ays !o%e fro% the
sa%e 're!ton(
In fa!t $e 'o o#ser4e a !han&e n the 're!ton of starl&ht( As Earth s$n&s aroun' n ts or#ts"
$e %ust frst .ont a teles!o.e one $ay to see a .art!ular star( Then" s* %onths later" Earth+s
or#tal %oton s n e*a!tly the o..oste 're!ton" an' $e %ust .ont the teles!o.e n a sl&htly
'fferent 're!ton( Ths .heno%enon s !alle' aberration of starlight an' sho$s that Earth does
not drag the ether.
ACTIVIDAD 1: Despus de leer el texto rpidamente proponga un TTULO para las secciones que se indican. (3 pts.
c/u)
(L 1-51)
(L 5!-"#)
ACTIVIDAD 2: a) $ndique a qu parte del texto se re%ieren las siguientes pala&ras ' expresiones. (( pts.)
CONCURSO DE AYUDANTIA DOCENTE ESTUDIANTIL
No%#re 'el Con!ursanteB _______________________________________________________ Le&aCoB ____________ CarreraB ______________________
FD
D>
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8>
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES
TALLER DE INGLS TCNICO
ACTIVIDAD 3: De%ina referente contextual e indique su %unci)n ' utilidad en la lectura de textos. (* pts)
ACTIVIDAD 4: +omplete. ,) * pts.- .) " pts.
A) Defina conector lgico indicando la fncin !e c"#le $ c"o #ede %er %ado en la inter#retacin de te&to%'
() A #artir del te&to infor"e lo %igiente
CO)*CTO+ LI)*A +*LACIO) ,I-)I.ICADO
3ET D
EH
CONCURSO DE AYUDANTIA DOCENTE ESTUDIANTIL
No%#re 'el Con!ursanteB _______________________________________________________ Le&aCoB ____________ CarreraB ______________________
/ALA(+A O .+A,* LI)*A ,e refiere a0
/01 2,31 1"
31D$43 !1
/0121 5164$51317/2 3*
/01 8L,71 *(
/0$2 55
5,$7D5982 (5
&) $denti%ique en el texto tres (3) re%erentes contextuales ' complete los &lancos de la ta&la. (! pts. c/u)
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES
TALLER DE INGLS TCNICO
FI
ACTIVIDAD 1: $ndique las estrategias que puedan ser utili:adas para la in%erencia del signi%icado de las pala&ras
desconocidas. (1; pts.)
ACTIVIDAD 20 8roponga dos e<emplos en los que el estudio de la mor%olog=a de la pala&ra puede ser>ir en la asignaci)n
del signi%icado de una pala&ra. * c/u
ACTIVIDAD 3: De%ina /4++A.O inclu'endo datos so&re su estructura general ' tipos? ' los patrones de desarrollo que
puede seguir la in%ormaci)n que se inclu'e en l. (1! pts)
ACTIVIDAD 5: De acuerdo al texto? rotule las siguientes %iguras. (5 pts)
ACTIVIDAD 6:
5esponda (!1 pts)
1. @+)mo surge el
concepto AterBC
+aracter=celo ' explique
la ra:)n de su
aceptaci)n. (5 pts)
!. @6u limitaci)n presentan las ecuaciones de 3axDellC (3 pts)
3. De acuerdo al texto? @6u esta&lece el 8rincipio de la 5elati>idad galileanaC (5 pts)
*. @+ul es el mo>imiento de la /ierra relati>o al terC (3 pts)
5. Descri&a el %en)meno de la a&erraci)n de la lu: estelar. 1<empli%ique (5 pts)
ACTIVIDAD 170 $nterprete detalladamente el texto comprendido entre las l=neas 3# ' (# am&as incluidas.
CONCURSO DE AYUDANTIA DOCENTE ESTUDIANTIL
No%#re 'el Con!ursanteB _______________________________________________________ Le&aCoB ____________ CarreraB ______________________