POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM

MUADZAM SHAH
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

ET301 : Electrical Machines

LABWORK 1

LABORATORY MANUAL
GROUP
CLASS
SESSION
LECTURER

FAIRUZ ABADI BIN KHALID

NAME

REGISTRATION NO

Prepared By

(FAIRUZ ABADI BIN KHALID)

Revised and Signed by

(Head of Department / Head of Programme/

Curriculum Officer)

Date:

Date:

LAB -1
1

POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM

MUADZAM SHAH

Title : Introduction Of Electrical Machine

Objective :
At the end of this experiment, the student should be able to :
1. State the type of D.C and A.C Machine.
2. Identify the main part of the D.C and A.C machine.
3. State the function every parts of the D.C and A.C machine.
4. Know the different between D.C and A.C machine.
Equipment:
1.
2.

D.C machine:
Series D.C , Shunt and Compound Machine.
A.C machine
Squrrial Case Motor and Slip Ring Machine.

Theory:
Machines that convert mechanical energy to and from electric energy.
- Motor convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
- Generator convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Motor can be divided into :
AC Motors powered by AC sources which can either be single phase or three phase.
- most common type is induction motor and synchronous motor.
DC Motors powered by DC sources.
Basic components of the machine:
1. Stator stationary part.
2. Rotor rotating part.
3. Shaft coupled the machine to the mechanical load.
In most types of machines, a given windings can be classified as field winding or as armature
winding.
Field winding - to set up the magnetic field required to produce torque.
Armature windings - carry currents that vary with mechanical load. When the machine
is used as a generator, the output is taken from the armature windings.
Machine nameplate :
The National Electrical Manufacturer's Association (NEMA) specifies that every motor
nameplate must show these specific items: Manufacturer's Name; Rated volts and full load
amps; Rated frequency & number of phases; Rated full load speed; Rated temperature rise or
the insulation system class; Time rating; Rated horsepower; Locked rotor indicating code
letter; Service Factor; Efficiency; Frame Size; and Design Code. Additional information will
normally appear on most nameplates.

POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM

MUADZAM SHAH

Direct current or DC electric motors work for situations where speed needs to be controlled.
DC motors have a stable and continuous current. DC motors were the first and earliest motors
used. They were found, however, to not be as good at producing power over long lengths.
Electric companies found using DC motors to generate electric did not work because the
power was lost as the electric was transmitted. Brush DC motors use rings that conduct the
current and form the magnetic drive that powers the rotor. Brushless DC motors use a switch
to produce the magnetic drive that powers the rotor. Direct current motors are often found in
appliances around the home.
Alternating current or AC electric motors are used differently based on what type of AC motor
it is. Single phase AC motors are known as general purpose motors. They work well in many
different situations. These AC motors work great for systems that are hard to start because
they need a lot of power up front. Three phase, also called polyphase, AC motors are usually
found in industrial settings. These motors also have high starting power built transmit lower
levels of overall power. AC power gets its name from the fact that it alternates in power. The
amount of power given off by an AC motor is determined by the amount of power needed to
operate the system.
DC and AC electric motors are found everywhere from the home to the car to industrial plants.
Motors are important to everyday life. Dc motors were introduced and caused a great
revolution in the way many things are done. When AC motors came on the market the way
motors were looked at changed because of their amazing starting power potential.

Procedure:
1. Get all the equipment mentioned above.
3

POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM

MUADZAM SHAH
2. Identify the parts of D.C electrical machines.
a. Make observations of the direct current machine sections found in the
laboratory in accordance
with section diagram below.

3. Identify the type of direct current machines.

4. Draw and label the terminal connection of machines that have been identified
in the columns
below.
Series Machine

Name plate

Shunt Machine

Name plate

POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM

MUADZAM SHAH

Compound Machine

Name plate

5. Functions of the important parts of a direct current machine.5

a. Amature.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___
5

POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM

MUADZAM SHAH
b. Field Pole
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___
c. Comutator
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___
d. Carbon Brush
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___
e. Yok / Frame
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
__
6. Draw a pattern of self-excitation generator circuit connections.
a. Series Excitation

a. Shunt Excitation

b. Shot Compound Excitation

POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM

MUADZAM SHAH

a. Long Compound Excitation

7.

Identify the parts of A.C electrical machines.

8. Make observations on the current machine alternating section found in the

laboratory
according sectional diagram below.

9.

Identify the types of alternating current machines.

10. Draw and label the terminal connection of machines that have been
identified in the columns
below.
7

POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM

MUADZAM SHAH
Squirrel Cage Machine

Name plate

Slip Ring Machine

Name plate

11. Draw a pattern of Three Phase motor circuit connections.

a. Star

POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM

MUADZAM SHAH

b. Delta

12. The main part of function a alternating current machine.

a. Rotor
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____
b.

Stator
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___

a. Slip Ring
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___
13. Discussion:
a. State the difference between direct current machine (D.C) and alternating
current machine
(A.C).
b. Draw and explain the right hand Flemings rule.
14. Conclusion
9

POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM

MUADZAM SHAH

10