Composed

omposed to fulfill english addition task

Compossed by :

Yoga Nurjaman
Npm : 0806089

INFORMATIC ENGINEERING
INFORMATICS
SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI GARUT

2010
 ABSTRACT

After learn English language during half semester, we are study many matters consist
of, study rule hits to change active sentence to passive sentence, and we study sentence form
infinitive, along with practice covers verbs followed by infinitive, verbs followed by gerund,
and verb followed a pronoun plus infinitive, from lesson nest, so I take summary entire
lessons during half semester four.

Voice is the form a verb takes to indicate whether the subject of the verb performs or
receives the action. There are two types of voice: active voice and passive voice.

Active Voice – indicates that the subject of the verb is acting, and In a passive voice
sentence, the subject and object flip-flop. The subject becomes the passive recipient of the
action. And e.t.c
 LESSON 1

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Voice is the form a verb takes to indicate whether the subject of the verb performs or
receives the action.

There are two types of voice: active voice and passive voice.

If we make sentence active voice and passive voice there are The rule to make a sentence:

a.Object in active voice turns to be subject in passive voice

b.Decide tense used in active voice
c.Add tobe after subject
d.Change the verb in active voice to past participle / in passive voice
e.Add “by” phrase if necessary
f. Subject in passive voice turns to be on active voice

1. Active voice
Active Voice – indicates that the subject of the verb is acting. Because the subject
does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active
voice.

 These examples show that the subject is doing the verb's action.
 The dog jumped onto the boy.
The dog (subject) is doing the jumping (verb).

 Kristy will give a book report to the class.

Kristy (subject) is doing the giving (verb).

 The computer ate my paper.

The computer (subject) is doing the eating (verb).

 Reasons to Use the Active Voice

  The active voice is less awkward and clearly states relationship between
subject and action.

Compare

Passive: Your request for funding has been denied by the review committee.

Active: The review committee denied your request for funding.

 The active voice sentence pattern propels the reader forward through your
writing thus avoiding weak prose.

2. Passive voice
In a passive voice sentence, the subject and object flip-flop. The subject becomes the
passive recipient of the action. Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive),
such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.

 These examples show the subject being acted upon by the verb.
 The boy was jumped on by the dog.
Boy (subject) was being jumped on (verb)

 A book report will be given by Kristy to the class.

Report (subject) will be given (verb).

 My paper was eaten by the computer.

Paper (subject) was being eaten (verb).

 When to Use Passive Voice

 In general, the passive voice is less direct, less forceful, and less concise
than the active voice.
 Use the passive voice in the following situations:
 Use passive voice when you do not know or do not want to reveal the
performer of an action.
 Use passive voice when you want to emphasize the receiver of an
action.
- Form of passive voice
 The passive voice requires a "double verb" and will always consist of a form
of the verb "to be" and the past participle (usually the "en/ed/t" form) of
another verb.
 Example:
Active: John baked the bread.
Passive: The bread was baked by John. (Was is a form of the verb “be”.)
 Writers should be familiar with the forms of "to be" , often called linking
verbs, so that they can easily identify the passive voice in their work.
 Review the forms of "to be":
 am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
 Note the forms of "to be" in the examples of the verb "to kick" in various
forms of the passive voice:

 is kicked----------------had been kicked

was kicked-------------is going to be kicked
is being kicked---------will be kicked
has been kicked-------can be kicked
was being kicked------should be kicked

 Often passive voice sentences will contain a "by" phrase indicting who or
what performed the action.

 Passive sentences can be easily transformed into active sentences when the
object of the preposition "by" is moved to the subject position in the sentence.
 LESSON 2

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVE

1. GERUNDS
The form of the verb that ends in -ing is called a Gerund when used as a noun.
Because their, function is that of a noun, gerunds may be used as the subject of a
sentence:

 Running regularly will make you feel better.

 Studying requires most of my time during the day.
The -ing form can also be called a present participle; however, the function is that of a
verb when, used in the present or past progressive:

 The teacher is speaking to her students.

 If a gerund is combined with a preposition, it is called a Gerund phrase:
 Our daughter's life ambition is studying to be a doctor.
Possessive adjectives precede a gerund:

 Her working late is making her sick. I don’t mind him being here.
 There are some verbs that must be followed by a gerund. Example:
 I enjoy studying. Would you mind being quiet?
The following verbs MUST be followed by a gerund:

admit discuss finish miss quit

give up postpone stop (=quit) avoid resist

consider dislike keep on practice Think about

recommend put off enjoy mind suggest

go + Appreciate denight delay complette

activities

Discuss enjoy recall tollerate understand

resend regret mention remember Can’t help

The choice of a gerund or an infinitive, in some instances, does not affect the meaning of
a verb.
 a) I prefer to go to the mall.

b) I prefer going to the mall.

Verbs that show emotion and the fulfillment of unfulfillment of an activity may affect the
meaning depending on the choice of an infinitive or a gerund. Gerunds are used to describe
actions that are factual, where as infinitives are used to describe actions that may take place
in the time to come or that are possible.

Verbs of Emotion:

Factual: Did you like dancing last night?

Possible: Do you like to dance?

Verbs of fulfillment/unfulfillment:

Factual: I started doing my homework and question #1 is really hard.

Possible: Did you start to do your homework?

A Gerund will follow a preposition:

Thank you for helping me.

The negation NOT is always placed in front of the gerund or the infinitive.

I enjoy not having to do study today.

Gerunds are used after the following expressions:

-worth,

-rather than,

-instead of

-This situation is worth looking into

-Rather than studying Chemistry we decided to study Anatomy

-Instead of talking to her boss directly, she sent a message with her secretary.

Verbs of perception- feel, hear, notice, observe, see, smell, watch- may be followed by
gerunds, however, never infinitives. (These may also be followed by the base form of the
verb.)

-Have you ever seen an ice skater doing a high jump?

-Do you hear the phone ringing?

 When there is only one object complement, some verbs are followed by a gerund
complements.

-Doctors advise reducing fats in one’s diet.

-They urge giving up fried foods.

-They encourage steaming or boiling food but forbid frying things in oil.

-Changing food habits requires changing old habits.

2. Infinitive
- However, if there is a second object complement, an infinitive is used.

-The doctor advised me to reduce my fat intake.

-He urged me to give up fried food.
-He encouraged me to steam and boil my food but forbade me to fry things in oil.
-This has required me to change a lot of old habits.
- These are some verbs that follow the preceding pattern:
advise force allow tell
persuade require permit remind
urge forbid invite warm
encourage command trust teach
convince oder cause hire
More examples:
 I trust my doctor to do the job right.
 They hired him to solve the problems here.
Infinitives as subjects:
To be on time is important in this culture.
Infinitives as objects:
The asked her to check the letter before it was sent.
Infinitives used in passive construction:
I was told to go very quickly and quietly.
The following verbs may be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive:
Attempt continue intend plan
begin dread like prefer
hate love start stop
try cannot stand
 The following verbs are followed by infinitives:
 want need would like hope expect agree seem
 appear learn mean try forget offer agree

3. REFERENCES LIST OF VERB

A. Addition from gerund and infinitive
Verb followed by a pronoun and infinitive
Advise allow ask bag cause
Challenge dare encourage expext forbid
Force hire instruct invite expect
Need order permit persuade remind
Require teach tell urge warn
Want convinence
 Composers Biography

Name : Yoga nurjaman

Address : Gadog street kampung Cikapunduhan 02/04 Ds.Sirnajaya
Kec.pasirwangi Kabupaten Garut
Curiculum vitae : - SD Sirnajaya I&III
- SMPN 1 Pasirwangi
- SMAN 3 Tarogong Kidul/ SMAN 15 Garut (IPA)
- STT GARUT (Teknik informatika S1)
E - Mail : Cho_3xx@yahoo.co.id
Web/Blog : http://www.yoganurjaman.blogspot.com
Facebook : Yoga nurzaman/ di Email Cho_3xx@yahoo.co.id