Gas turbine control system

 Control of gas turbine is done by

 Startup control
 Acceleration control
 Speed control
 Temperature control
 Shut down control
 Manual control
How to determine operating condition

 The sensors ,( detected turbine speed,

exhaust thermocouple ,compressor disc
harge pressure,and other parameter)ar
e used to determine the operating condi
tion of the gas turbine
Fuel stroke reference (FSR)
 FSR is the command signal for fuel flow
 Control of gas turbine is done by the lo
west FSR(FSR SU, FSR ACC ,FSRN, FSR
T,FSR SD,FSR MAN)
 The lowest FSR value of the six control l
oop is allowed to fuel control system
Simplify control schematic
Control shem. b
lock diagram
Start up/Shut down sequence

and control
 Start up function objective

 Bring the gas turbine from zero speed to f

ull speed safely by providing proper fuel t
o established flame and accelerate the tur
bine safely
 Minimize the low cycle fatigue of the hot g
as parts during the sequence
Speed detector
 Speed is the important parameter during
start up because the sequence of start u
p is the relation of speed
 Turbine speed is measured by magnetic
pick up
 Speed detector sent signal to Mark V to c
onvert electrical signal to be the turbine s
peed in percent or rpm.
Speed converter
Speed relay
 The speed relay that are used to control
the sequence of start up
 L14HR Zero speed
 L14HM Minimum speed
 L14HA Acceleration speed
 L14HS Full speed
 L14HR Zero Speed
0.06 %
0.31%

18%
L14HP Spare speed signal
19%

95%
L14HF At field flashing speed
90%

18%
L14HM Minimum Firing Speed
15%

50%
L14HA Accelerating speed
46%

96.4%
L14HS Min operating speed
94.8%

60%
L14HC Auxiliary Cranking
50% Speed Relay

8.4%
L14HT Cool down Slow Roll
3.2% Start Speed Relay
Start up control

 Operate as an open loop control using p

reset level of the fuel command signal F
SR(Zero , Fire ,Warm up,Accelerate,)
 FSR level are set as control constant an
d calculation in the Mark V
 17.5%

14.4%

30.6%

0.05%/s
5%/s

1 sec Start up
FSR
Start up curve
Fire shut down
 Fire shut down is an improvement over
the former fuel shut off at L14HS drop o
ut by maintaining flame down to lower s
peed to reduction the strain develop on
hot gas path part
 100 %
FSRMAX -- Max Fuel Reference
FSRSD
L83SDSET-- Preset FSRSD to Existing FSR -- Shut
down
FSR
L83SDMIN-- Set FSRSD to FSRMIN
Signal %

FSR -- Fuel Stroke Reference %

FSRMIN -- FSR: Minimum %

FSKSDn -- Shutdown FSR Ramp n

L83JSDn -- Set FSRSD Ramp

Rate to FSK SDn

L83SDL-- FSRSD Lower Logic

L83SDR -- FSRSD Raise Logic

FSRMIN-- FSR: Minimum % L60SDM

-- FSRSD
FSKSDB -- Shutdown FSR Ramp at Min FSR
Dead band 0.1%
L83SDSET

0.25 s

L94SDY -- T.D. L94SD

L94SD -- Shutdown with Breaker Open
L83SDSET -- Preset FSRSD to Existing FSR
L83SDMIN

L60SDM -- FSRSD at Min FSR

L83SDMIN -- Set FSRSD to FSRMIN
L28CAN -- Any Can Flamed Out
L83RB -- Ramp to Blowout Selected
L94SD -- Shutdown with Breaker Open
L4 -- Master protective signal
FSR Shut down ramp rate

0.1 %/sec

5 %/sec

0.05 %/sec

0.1 %/sec

1 %/sec

0.1 %/sec

0.1 %
L83JSD1

L94X -- Turbine Shutdown

L83SDR -- FSRSD Raise Logic
L4 -- Master protective signal
L83JSD1 -- Set FSRSD Ramp Rate to FSK SD1
 L83SDL FSR Lower logic

L83 SDL will be logic true in the case of below

- L60SDM logic false when FSRSD-FSRMIN >0.1 %
- L83RB logic true when Flame out >1 sec
or Flame ON but TNH <30%
- One can out(L28CAN)
L83JSD2 to 5 logic

GT. Trip

FSRSD-FSRMIN >0.1 %

Flame ON TNH<30%

1 Can off
Speed control
 The speed control system control the sp
eed and load of the gas turbine to main
tain speed at 100% at any load
 Speed control software will change FSR
in proportion to the difference between
TNH(turbine speed)and TNR(speed ref.)
 Turbine drive generator operating spee
d range normally from 95%-107%
 Start up reference speed is 100.3%
Speed droop
 Droop speed control is the proportional
control changing the FSR in proportion t
o the difference between actual turbine
speed and turbine speed reference as t
he equation below
 (TNR-TNH)x Droop gain+FSRNL =FSRN
Droop control algorithm

100 %

10.5

1sec

14.7 %
Droop control curve
Synchronizing control
 TNR for synchronizing is 100.3% to kee
p the generator faster than the grid
 If frequency has varied enough the spe
ed matching circuit adjust TNR to maint
ain turbine speed 0.2 to 0.4 % faster th
an the grid
Turbine speed reference TNR
Speed control schematic
Auto synch logic
 Synch permissive logic
System line voltage
109%
86.5%

Generator volts
109%

86.5%

Line Frequency
50.5Hz

49.5Hz

Generator frequency

50.5Hz

49.5Hz
Synch speed matching permissive
Auto synch permissive logic
Temperature control
 The temperature control system will limi
t fuel flow to gas turbine to maintain int
ernal operating temperature within gas
turbine limitation of turbine hot gas pat
h parts.
 Firing temperature is the temperature e
xists at first stage nozzle. This temperat
ure must be limited by control system
Firing temperature
 It is impractical to measure temperature
direct to the combustion chamber or at t
he turbine inlet So, the control system co
ntrol the exhaust temperature instead.
 Firing temperature as a function of fuel fl
ow (FSR)
 FSR temp. control curve are used as back
up to primary CPD. Bias temp.
Exhaust temperature control
 18 Chromel alumel TC are installed at e
xhaust plenum to sent signal to Mark V
 Exhaust temperature control soft ware
 1.Temperature control command
 2.Temp control bias calculation
 3.Temp reference selection
Temperature control FSR.
Exhaust temp control command
 Is the temperature control command (TTRXB)
compare the exhaust temperature control set
point(TTXM).The soft ware program converts
the temperature error to fuel stroke reference
signal FSRT
Temperature control bias
 Firing temperature limit by linearized fu
nction of exhaust temperature and CPD
backed up by linearized function of exh
aust temperature and FSR
 Temperature control Bias
Exhaust temperature (TX)

Exhaust temperature (TX)

Isothermal Isothermal
Co
Co ns
ns t an
ta tf
nt
fir iri
in ng
g te
te m
m p
p (li
(li be
b er ra
ali liz
ze ed
d) )

Compressor discharge pressure(CPD) Fuel stroke reference(FSR)

Temperature control bias
Temperature control bias
 GT. Operate by FG. or FO.
If CPD bias >FSR bias Alarm will show
 GT.Operate by heavy oil(monitor nozzle
plugging) i
f FSR bias >CPD bias alarm will show
CPD & FSR bias temp control
Temperature reference select program

 For temperature reference select,three

digital input signal are decode (L83JTN)
to select one set of constant i.e.
 Base load open cycle select
 Base load combined cycle select
 Peak load select
Temperature reference select program
Fuel control system
 Fuel control system will change fuel flo
w to the combustion in response to the
fuel stroke reference signal(FSR) FSR1
call for liquid fuel flow FSR2 call
for gas fuel flow FSR = FS
R1 + FSR2
Liquid fuel control system
Liquid fuel bypass servo valve
Liquid fuel control system
 When liquid fuel is selected and start. The
control system will check L4 logic(1). At
minimum speed L20FLX(FO. trip valve) and
L20CF(fuel oil clutch) will energized.
 When GT. Firing FSRSU will go to control
turbine through fuel splitter and liquid fuel
flow command FQROUT will demand to fuel
oil by pass valve to control liquid fuel flow to
combustion chamber.
 Liquid fuel flow diagram
FSRSU
FSRSD DC
FSR1 Fuel FQROUT Bypass
FSRT Min FSR
Fuel flow Servo mA Servo
FSRN sel Splitter Com-
mand
Com-
mand
valve

FSRMAN
Liquid fuel flow control
 FSR1V1 Fuel splitter
Mixed Fuel Operation

Completely on Liquid Fuel

Completely on Gas Fuel

Fuel change permissive

Fuel Split Transfer Rate

3.3 %SP/s
Fraction of Liquid Fuel

Fraction of Liq Fuel Set point Command

Increase Liquid Fuel

Increase Gas Fuel
Fuel Stroke Reference Liquid Fuel Stroke Ref
Fuel Splitter Liquid Fuel Purge Level from Fuel Splitter
0.5 %

Gas Fuel Stroke Ref

Fuel Splitter Gas Fuel Purge Level from Fuel Splitter
0.5 %
 Liq Fuel Flow Reference Angle %
Liquid Fuel Stroke Ref
from Fuel Splitter % Liquid fuel bypass valve
Turbine Speed % servo command[65FP-1]

Liquid Fuel Stop Valve

Control Signal
Master protective signal
Calibration position reference %
Calib selection command pass code

Flow divider mag

pickup speed
Liquid Fuel Flow High (trip )
Excessive Liq Fuel Startup
8.5 %
Liq Fuel Bypass Valve Flow
Liq Fuel Bypass Valve Flow Detection
Detected Trouble Alarm
Trouble Set point 3%
Liq fuel bypass valve
servo current LF. Byp. Vlv. Servo Current
30 %
Trouble Alarm
10 sec
Master reset

ALM171:'LIQUID FUEL CONTROL FAULT'

 System check from flow
divider and servo valve
 Excessive flow on start up (trip GT. If
excessive flow exist during warm up
period) L60FFLH
 LVDT. Position feed back
 Bypass valve is not fully open when
stop valve is close
 Loss of flow divider feed back
Fuel gas control system
 Fuel gas flow is controlled by the gas speed
ratio stop valve (SRV) and Gas control valve
(GCV)
 SRV is designed to maintain a predetermined
pressure(P2)at the inlet of gas control valve
as a function of gas turbine speed
 GCV plug is intended to be proportional to
FSR2 for fuel gas flow
 GVC & SRV control block diagram

FSRSU
FSRSD DC
FSR2 FSROUT Gas
FSRT Min FSR
Fuel
GCV.
Servo mA Servo

sel Splitter
Com-
Com-
valve FG. Flow Control
FSRN mand 96GC
mand
FSRMAN

DC
SRV. mA
SRV. FPRGOUT Servo
Servo
Com-
Com-
valve FG. Press Control
mand 90SR
mand
GCV. Schematic diagram
 Gas control valve out put

Gas Fuel Stroke Ref GCV servo command

from Fuel Splitter [65GC-1] %

Gas Fuel Stop Valve Open

Master protective signal

Calibration selection command pass code

Calibration position reference %

 SRV. Schematic
Turbine Speed

Master protective
Gas Ratio Valve Open
 SRV. Out put signal

Stop/Speed Ratio Valve -40 psi

Shutdown Command Set point
Gas Ratio Valve Control Press Ref (psi)
Fuel Gas Press Ratio
Control Gain 3.5146 psi/% Stop/speed ratio valve servo
-17.88 psi
Fuel Gas Press Ratio Control Offset
command [90SR-1] psi
Gas Ratio Valve Control Press Ref psi
Fuel gas control and monitor alarm
 Excessive fuel flow during start up
 Loss of LVDT feed back on SRV and GCV
 Servo current to SRV. detected prior to p
ermissive to open
 Servo current to GCV. detected prior to p
ermissive to open
 Inter valve pressure low
 Gas Fuel Stroke Ref
from Fuel Splitter %

Gas control valve not

Position fdbck gas following reference
controlvalve [96GC-1] % 3%

3 sec
Gas control valve not
following reference trip
5%

5 sec

Position fdbck gas Gas Control Valve

controlvalve [96GC-1] % -5 % Position Feedback Fault

Gas Control Valve

5% Open Trouble Alarm

Gas control valve

Gas Control Valve
servo current %
37.5 % Servo Current Fault

Gas Fuel Stop Valve Open

3 sec

COMMAND PB Master reset

ALM133:'GAS CONTROL
VALVE SERVO TROUBLE'
 Position fdbck srv
[96SR-1] %
33.3 % Startup Gas Fuel Stroke High

-6.67 % Stop/Ratio Valve Position

FeedbackTrouble Alarm Lo

6.67 % Stop/Ratio Valve

Open Trouble Alarm
Speed ratio valve
servo current %
15 %
Stop/Ratio Valve Servo
Current Trouble Alarm
Gas Ratio Valve Open
Interstage fuel gas press
xmitter [96FG-2A] psi
-5 psi
ALM134:'GAS FUEL INTERVALVE
PRESSURE TROUBLE'
2 sec

COMMAND PB Master reset

ALM132:'GAS RATIO VALVE

POSITION SERVO TROUBLE'
Dual fuel control
 Gas turbine are designed to operate by bot
h FG & FO. The control has provide the foll
owing feature
 Transfer from one fuel to another
 Allow time for filling the line
 Mix fuel operation
 operation of liquid fuel nozzle purge when
operating totally on Gas fuel.
Fuel splitter schematic
Fuel transfer
Mix Fuel operation
 Limit on the fuel mixture are required to
ensure
 Proper combustion
 Liquid fuel distribution
 Liquid fuel flow velocity
 Combustion ratio
Fuel transfer limit (For GE.9E)
 Transfer(select one fuel)prior to startup
 Do not transfer fuel below 30 MW.
 Do not operate mix below 30% rated ga
s flow or 60% gas at 30MW.(to avoid n
ozzle pressure ratio dropping below 1.2
5 and possibly causing combustion cha
mber pulsation.)
Fuel transfer limit (For GE.9E)
 Do not mixed below 10% rated liquid fl
ow(to avoid excessive liquid fuel recalcu
lation flow resulting in fuel over heating
and possibly causing fuel oil pump dam
age.)
Mix fuel Allowable range curve

Rated

MW
LOAD NO MIXED OK
MIXED No
MIX

30 MW
NO MIXED

0 30 60 90 100 % GAS
100 70 40 10 0 % LIQ
Modulate Inlet Guide Vane
 Protect compressor pulsation by modulat
e during the acceleration of gas turbine t
o rated speed.
 IGV modulation maintain proper flow an
d pressure to combustion.
 Maintain high exhaust temperature at lo
w load when combined cycle application.
Modulate IGV control scheme.
 IGV. Control control reference
(CSRGV)
L83GVMAX
CSRGV
86 DGA
(IGV CONTROL
REFERENCE)

CPD.
IGV
TNH. part
Speed MIN
SEL
57 DGA

CLOSE MAX
IGV SEL
OPEN MAN
L83GVMAN
TTRX
L83GVSS IGV
MIN TEMP
371 c SEL CON X CSRGVX
TROL
+
1120 c
TTXM
 IGV. Control Algorithm from Mark V
Temp Control and
Manual Control Ref

Airflow Control Reference % IGV on Temperature Control

1 DGA/%

Stator 17 IGV Gain

0 DGA
VIGV Temp Control Airflow Ref Offset
IGV Manual Control Permissive
57 DGA
IGV at Minimum Position
57 DGA
Permissive Inlet Guide Vane Ref
IGV Part speed control

86 DGA VIGV. Reference Angle (DGA)

CPRS. OFF Line washing
IGV at Maximum Position

Turb inlet guide vane servo

vlv command [90TV-1] DGA
Calibration position reference %
Calibration selection
command pass code
 IGV. Part speed reference

519 o F
Compressor Temperature Ratio
Speed Correction Factor

o
F
Max Comp Inlet Flange Temp

HP Turbine Speed % Turbine Speed HP, Iso Corrected

VIGV Part Speed HP 77.320 %
Corr Speed Offset %
VIGV Part Speed 6.786 DGA/%
HP Corr Speed Gain
86 DGA
Open IGV Position Part Speed VIGV Reference
34 DGA
VIGV Part Speed Ref
Min Setpoint
 IGV. Control control reference
(CSRGV)
L83GVMAX
CSRGV
86 DGA
(IGV CONTROL
REFERENCE)

CPD.
IGV
TNH. part
Speed MIN
SEL
57 DGA

CLOSE MAX
IGV SEL
OPEN MAN
L83GVMAN
TTRX
L83GVSS IGV
MIN
371 c SEL
TEMP
CON X CSRGVX From Where ?
TROL
+
1120 c
TTXM
 CSRGVX
TTXM

TTRX
2 deg F
X
CSKGVDB

L83GVDB Min
SEL X
TTRXGVB

700 F

2048 F

L83GVSS CSRGVX
TNGV X
2 deg F
CSKGVTPG X X
CSKGVTC 4 sec
T
V = OUT IGV
1+TS
CSRGV V MAN

RESET
L83GVMAN_CMD OUT =V
TTRX
L83REC

TTRXC

TTRXR1 1.5 F/sec

TTRXR2 -1 F/sec MED TTRX

SEL X
TTRMINSEL
X
Z-1
 IGV Temperature control
(CSRGVX) Bias by FSR. , CPD.
FSR +X X X
Conner
42.707 % + A
L60TRF TTRMINSEL
A<B MIN
Slope4.987 F/% B SEL
1140 deg F
ISO thermal

CPD +X X
+
X
8.058 prs_R
Conner
27.342 F/ prs L83JTN = Temperature select logic(by damper&fuel)
Slope
N = 0 Operate open cycle mode on Gas fuel
L83JTN
N = 1 Operate Combined cycle mode on Gas fuel
N = 2 Operate open cycle on mode Liquid fuel
N = 3 Operate Combined cycle mode on Liquid fuel
For example show value of curve N= 1
IGV. Operation curve
 IGV. Fault detection
Position feedback
IGV [96TV-1] DGA

31 DGA IGV - Loss of Feedback Alarm

35 DGA IGV - Vanes Open Alarm

TCQA-REG-CUR IGV
control servo current %

-30 % IGV - Servo Current Alarm

- Neg. Saturation
IGV Control Permissive
5 sec

COMMAND PB Master reset

 IGV. Not following CSRGV.

Position feedback IGV

[96TV-1] DGA

VIGV Reference Angle DGA

7.5 DGA ALM108:'INLET GUIDE VANE
CONTROL TROUBLE ALARM'
5 SEC

7.5 DGA IGV Not Following CSRGV Trip

5 SEC