HLC-III

Units of Pressure and Basic Manometry

o Definition of pressure:
The mathematical definition of pressure in the absence of shearing stress is
∆F dF
p = lim =
∆A→ REA ∆A dA
where ∆F is the magnitude of the resultant forces acting normal to the magnitude
of the area ∆A , and REA is a representative elemental area analogous to a REV
(representative elemental volume).

o Basic Law
o For fluid element at rest: element is in equilibrium

∑F x = 0; ∑F y = 0; ∑F z =0

o Sum of moments of forces: About any point must be zero

∑M x = 0; ∑M y = 0; ∑M z =0

o Pascal’s Law:
Pressure at a point in any static fluid is equal in magnitude in all directions.

o Units of Pressure:
• Pressure can be expressed in terms of

Height of water column (m H2O abs)

Actual pressure (Pa or N/m2)