NETWORKING

Objective

• To understand basics of networking

• To be able to perform networking lab sessions
Definition

• Networking is connecting two or more devices

to allow communication between them with the
purpose of sharing information and resources
LAN and WAN

• A group of networked • A wide area network

computers, printers, or (WAN) is a group of
other hardware devices networked computers in
that are all connected a much larger
relatively close to each geographical area, such
other like an office, as a state or country
home, or school • The best example of a
• It allows connected users WAN is the Internet,
to share files, printers, which spans the entire
or other applications world
Network model types
• Peer to Peer network
model
– Every computer can act as
a client and a server at the
same time
• Client/Server Network
Model
– At least one computer acts
as a server
– server hold resources that
are accessed over the
network by clients
Components of Network
• Client • Protocol
– The software that provides
your computer with access
to the network's services
– The computer that
requests the information
from a network is usually
referred to as the client
– This is the language that
the computers use to
communicate with each
other
– The industry standard in
networking today is called
TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol)
• Ethernet Cable
– Cable used to connect
computers, hubs,
switches, routers, etc.
– The most popular, for
home use, is Cat 5 or Cat
5e
Cross-Over Cable

• Ethernet crossover cables

are most often used in
home networks when
connecting two ethernet
computers without a
hub.
NIC – Network Interface Card
HUB
SWITCH
ROUTER
DAWN OF THE NET
IP address

• Every machine on the Internet has a unique

identifying number, called an IP Address.
• A typical IP address looks like this:
– 216.27.61.137
• Look at the same IP address in binary:
– 11011000.00011011.00111101.10001001
Network Setup
• PING
– The Internet Ping program works much like a sonar
echo-location, sending a small packet of information
containing an ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to a specified
computer, which then sends an ECHO_REPLY packet
in return.
• TRACERT
– Traces the route that a packet of information takes
to get from your computer to another computer
connected to the Internet.
• IPCONFIG
– IP Configuration Utility
– Used to view and assign IP
addresses a local machine.
– There are three main
commands:
"all", "release", and
"renew“
• WINIPCFG
– With this utility you can
quickly find your
computer's network
addresses and other useful
TCP/IP settings
Benefits

• Relatively low cost

• Offers the highest performance possible
• Fast speed - standard Ethernet cable up to
100Mbps.
• Faster speed - Gigabit Ethernet cable up to
1000Mbps.