mAtul Kumar Singh

mAkash Sarkar
mAbhisek Dash
mUmang Agarwal
mMichael Harrison
mGajendra Singh
mDeepanjan Das
mAritra Rai
hÚt
BIDISL?
 BIOFUELS or BIODIESEL

Biodiesel is the name of a clean burning

alternative fuel derived from plant or
vegetable oils (vegetable derived esters or
VDE) that can be used as a blend with or as a
total substitute for petroleum diesel. It can
be used in compression-ignition (diesel)
engines even without any engine
modifications.
m Biodiesel is a variety of ester-based oxygenated fuels
made from vegetable oils or animal fats.

m It is indigenous, renewable, biodegradable, and a

nontoxic diesel fuel substitute.

m The first diesel engine was powered using peanut

oil by Rudolf Diesel in 1895.

m He demonstrated the engine in 1900 at the orld

Exposition in Paris where he took the highest prize.
 u
 u 

(Rapeseed
(Sunflower oil ( Italy and
Southern France)
(Soybean oil (USA & Brazil)
(Palm oil (Malaysia)
(lard, used frying oil (Austria),
Jatropha
(India,Nicaragua & South
Americas)
losed ycle Of Vegetable OIL as FUEL
Advantages
1.Alternative fuel for diesel engines

2. Made from vegetable oil or animal

fat

3.Meets health effect testing (AA)

4.Lower emissions, High flash point

(>300F), Safer

5.Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.

6.hemically, biodiesel molecules are

mono-alkyl esters produced usually
from triglyceride esters
s.an be mixed in any ratio with petroleum diesel
fuel or can be used 100%.

8.Produces less particulates, soot, carbon monoxide,

and hydrocarbon emissions than petroleum diesel
fuel.

9.Known to provide a substantial reduction in cancer

risks.

10.Produces pleasant exhaust odor unlike petroleum

diesel.

11.Has very good lubricity properties. Used as lubricity

additive in severely hydro-treated diesel fuel.

12.Oral toxicity effects are similar to those associated

with laxatives.
 u
 
   
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atalyst for transesterification Reactions

People are working on both homogeneous and

Heterogeneous
atalysis.

e are going to focus only heterogeneous

catalyst
This talk mainly focused on Lewis acid
based hydrophobic solid acid catalysts
transesterification reactions
> Double-metal cyanide (DM) complexes possess
zeolite-like cage structures
> Now a days have gained considerable attention for
their interesting magnetic, electrochromic, magneto-
optic, photomagnetic and nanomagnetic properties
> These Prussian blue-analogues are insoluble in
most of the organic solvents and even in aqua regia.

> They are currently used as catalysts for the

copolymerization of epoxides andO2
 atalyst preparation
K4[Fe(N)6] Znl2 A 15-g sample of tri-block
copolymer
0.01 mol 0.1 mol
100 mL of distilled
40 mL of double-distilled water water 2 mL of distilled water
and 20 mL of M
M and 40 mL of M
M
MÚ MÚ
Solution 1 Solution 2 solution 3

Solution 2 was added to solution 1 slowly over 1 h at 323 K under vigorous stirring. A white solid
was precipitated. Solution 3 was then added to the above reaction mixture over 5Ȃ10 min, and
stirring was continued for another1 h.

After activating at453 K for 4 h

FeȂZn-1
Synthesis of Fe/Zn DM catalysts
Tentative structure of double metal cyanide FeȂZn complex
 atalyst characterization

XRF analyses
Elemental analyses
X-ray Diffraction
Diffuse reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy
Diffuse reflectance UVȂvis spectroscopy
Temperature Programmed Desorption
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