WAYS OF EXPRESSING

CONCENTRATION OF
SOLUTIONS
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
1. _ _ N _ _ _ T _ _ _ I _ _

CONCENTRATION
SOLUTION
 WHAT IS SOLUTION?
• A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances.
Particles are very small, evenly distributed or uniformly
intermingled on a molecular level. A small part of a solution will
be the same as a sample from any other part of the solution.
• SOLUTE – substance that is dissolved. The substance that does
the dissolving is called the SOLVENT.
• A substance that dissolves in another substance is said to be
SOLUBLE while a substance that does not dissolve in another is
said to be INSOLUBLE.
 TYPES OF SOLUTION
• SOLID SOLUTION is formed when two crystalline solids
combine to form a new crystalline solid or crystal lattice.
• The most common type of solid solutions which contain
two or more metals are called ALLOYS. Alloys are formed
by mixing component metals at high temperatures, and
then allowing them to cool. Properties of alloys such as
strength, resistance to corrosion, and melting point may
vary depending on the proportions of component metals
in an alloy.
 ALLOY MAJOR COMPONENT USES

BRONZE COPPER, TIN, ZINC COINS

STERLING COPPER, SILVER JEWELRY, FLATWARE

BRASS COPPER, ZINC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

NICHROME NICKEL, CHROMIUM, IRON, HEATING ELEMENT

MANGANESE

STEEL IRON, CARBON CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS,

TOOLS
 TYPES OF SOLUTION
• GAS SOLUTION is any mixture of two or more gases which do not react with
each other. Air for example.
• LIQUID SOLUTIONS

a. In liquid solutions, the solvent is a liquid. The solute may be a solid,

gas, or liquid.
b. If two liquids can mix together to form a solution, they are said to be
MISCIBLE, if they do not mix are said to be IMMISCIBLE.
c. A solution where water is the solvent is called an AQUEOUS
SOLUTION.
d. When a molecule compound dissolves in water, they form ions –
ELECTROLYTE. When a molecule compound dissolves in water, they do not
form ions – NON-ELECTROLYTE.
 KEY CONCEPTS:
 The concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute in a
given amount of solvent or solution.
 Some medications are solutions of drugs—a one-teaspoon dose at the
correct concentration might cure the patient,
while the same dose in the wrong concentration might kill the patient.
 Sometimes solutions are referred to as “dilute” or “concentrated,”
 “Dilute” just means that there is a relatively small amount of solute in
a solvent.
 “Concentrated,” on the other hand, means that there is a relatively large
amount of solute in a solvent.
 KEY CONCEPTS:
 Saturated solution – formed when the maximum amount of solute is
dissolved in a given amount of solvent under certain conditions. No
amount of solute will dissolve in a saturated solution.
 Unsaturated solution – a solution with less than the maximum amount of
solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent. More solute can
be added to this solution until it forms a saturated solution.
 Supersaturated solution – a solution containing more than the maximum
amount of solute than can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent.
Supersaturated solutions are unstable. Under proper conditions, solute
particles will precipitate or escape from the solution until the solution
becomes a saturated solution.
KEY CONCEPTS:
•There are different methods of expressing solution
concentrations namely; Molarity, Molality, Percent by Mass,
Percent by Volume, Mole fraction and Parts Per Million. These
methods are used to express relative amounts of solute and
solvent in a solution. In other words, the concentration of a
solution is the amount of solute present in a given amount of
solvent, or a given amount of solution.
 Process of solving mathematical
problems related to solutions
BASIC STEPS GIVEN:
%m/m = 10%
Msolution = 130 g
GIVEN: PROBLEM: Msolute = ?

PROBLEM/ DERIVED EQUATION: Msolute = (%m/m)(Msolution)

UNKNOWN: 100%
SOLUTION:
DERIVED EQUATION:
Msolute = (10%)(130 g)
SOLUTION: 100%
Msolute = 13 g
(%m/m or %w/w)
14% is your percentage by mass of NaCl
(solute) dissolved in a 176 g solution of
NaCl (water + salt).
128 g KBr is dissolved in 925 g of water. What is the
mass % of the solute and solvent?

128 g KBr

925 g water

Percent by mass of KBr = 128 g KBr x 100

128 g KBr + 925 g water

= 12%
Percent by mass of
Percent by mass of water = 925 g water x 100
KBr and water
1,053 g solution

= 88%
A. Mass/Volume Percent (%m/v)- The m/v percent indicates the grams of a
substance that can contained in 100mL of a solution.
For example, 5%(m/v) glucose solution contains 5g of glucose in 100mL of
solution. The volume of solutions represents the combination of the glucose
and water.
%m/v = mass of solute x 100%
volume of solution
Sample Problem
How many grams of NaOH are needed to prepare 125mL of a 8.80% (m/
v) NaOH solution?
Given: volume of solution— 125 mL solution
%m/v—8.80 % or 8.80 g NaOH /100ml solution
Unknown: mass of NaOH
Solution:
Mass NaOH = 125ml solution x 8.80 g NaOH
100 ml solution
= = 11.0 g NaOH
Xsolute = Moles of solute
Total moles of solution

Xsolvent = Moles of solvent

Total moles of solution
= 0.444 mol kg-1
USEFUL APPLICATION OF SOLUTIONS

•FOOD
•MEDICINE
•INDUSTRY
•AGRICULTURE
15 Minute
Individual
Activity