SOLUTIONS

HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
It has the same uniform appearance
and composition throughout.
Maintain one phase (solid, liquid,
gas)

Many homogeneous mixtures are

commonly referred to as
solutions.

Homo - means the same

Examples of Homogeneous
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
Items of a group that are not alike,
interchangeable, or not uniform. Consists of
visibly different substances or phases (solid,
liquid, gas)

Hetero - means different

Activity 1 What solutions do you find in your home?

Objectives:

After performing this activity, you should be able to:

1.describe some observable characteristics or properties of

common solutions found at home or in stores; and

2. present the data gathered in table form to show some

properties of common solutions you observed.

Science LM p. 5
Naturally occurring solutions

Existing by nature without artificial aids

MANUFACTURED & PROCESSED
SOLUTIONS
 Activity 2 What are some properties of
solutions?

Objectives:

When you finish this activity you should be able to:

1. compare the evidence gathered with the predictions you
made; and

2. describe some properties of solutions based on

observations.

Science LM pp. 6-8

 SOLUTE
minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. The
component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount
than the solvent

Salt is the solute that dissolves in water as the solvent to form

a saline solution.
On the other hand, water vapor is considered a solute in air,
since nitrogen and oxygen are present in much larger concentration
levels in the gas.

EXAMPLES OF SOLUTES

Usually, a solute is a solid that is dissolved into a liquid. An

everyday example of a solute is salt in water.
 SOLVENT

the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a
supercritical fluid. The component of the solution present in the greatest amount; the substance in which the solute is dissolved.
 Activity 3
What is the evidence that a solution is
saturated?

After performing this activity you will be able to:

1. determine how much solid solute dissolves in a given

volume of water; and 2. describe the appearance of a
saturated solution.

2. describe the appearance of a saturated solution.

Science LM pp. 9-10

Solubility 

Is a chemical property referring to the ability

for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a
solvent. It is measured in terms of the maximum
amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at
equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a
saturated solution.
Saturated solution
  is a chemical solution containing the maximum concentration of a
solute dissolved in the solvent.
Unsaturated solutions
 is a chemical solution in which the solute concentration is lower than
its equilibrium solubility. All of the solute dissolves in the solvent.
Concentration of Solutions

 The concentration describes the relative amounts of solute and solvent in a given volume of
solution.
 a measure of the amount of dissolved substance contained per unit of volume.
 You can express concentration in other ways such as

 (1) percent by volume, which is the amount of solute in a given volume

of solution expressed as grams solute per 100 milliliter of solution
(g/100 mL), and

 (2) percent by mass, which is the amount of solute in a given mass of

solvent expressed as grams solute per 100 grams of solution.
 The alcohol used as a disinfectant is a solution of 70%
ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, meaning 70 mL alcohol.
There are also solutions sold as 40% ethyl or
isopropyl alcohol.

 Vinegar is often labelled as “5% acidity,” which

means that it contains 5 grams of acetic acid in 100 g
of vinegar.

 Pure gold is referred to as 24 karats. Jewelry that is

said to be 18 karats contains 18 grams of gold for
every 24 grams of the material, the remaining 6
grams consist of the other metal like copper or
silver.
 Example 1
Determine the volume/volume percent solution made by
combining 25 mL of ethanol with enough water to
produce 200 mL of the solution.

Solution

 Volume of solute is 25 mL
 Volume of solution is 200 mL
 Substitute the values in the given formula,
 Volume percent = volume of solute /volume of solution x
100%
 = 25 mL / 200 mL x 100%
 = 12.5 %
 Example 2
A solution is prepared by dissolving 90 mL of hydrogen peroxide in enough
water to make 3000 mL of solution. Identify the concentration of the hydrogen
peroxide solution.

Solution

 Given data:
 Volume of solute is 90 mL
 Volume of solution is 3000 mL
 Substitute the values in the given formula,
 Volume percent = volume of solute /volume of solution x
100%
 = 90 mL/ 3000mL x 100%
 Volume percent = 3 %
 
 EXAMPLE 3
   If 6.3mL os acetone are dissolved in a water solution such that the total volume of
solution is 500.0mL, what is the concentration of the acetone expressed as a volume
percent?

Solution

Given data:

Volume of solute is 6.3 mL

Volume of solution is 500.0 mL
Substitute the values in the given formula,
Volume percent = volume of solute /volume of solution x 100%
= 6.3 mL/ 500.0 mL x 100%
Volume percent = 1.3 %
FACTORS AFFECTING
HOW FAST A SOLID
SOLUTE DISSOLVES

- The effect of stirring

- the effect of particle size
- the effect of temperature
Activity 4 Size matters!
Science LM pp. 13-14

Activity 5 How fast does coffee dissolve in hot water? In

cold water?
Science LM pp.14-15

Activity 6 Which dissolves faster in hot and in cold

water: Sugar or salt?
Science LM pp. 15-16