S O L U T I O NS

Unsaturated vs. Saturated

Dilute vs. Concentrated

Question-Response Technique (QRT)

Solute - the component present in small
amount.
- the component to be dissolved.

Solvent -the component present in small

amount.
- the component that dissolve the solute.
Can you spot the difference?
Picture of dilute vs. concentrated

Can you spot the difference?

UNSATURATED SOLUTION
A solution is unsaturated when
it contains less solute than the
maximum amount it can dissolve
at a given temperature.
SATURATED SOLUTION
• The solution that contains
the maximum amount of
solute dissolved by a given
amount of solvent is called a
saturated solution.
EVIDENCE THAT A SOLUTION IS SATURATED
If you add more solute to the solvent,
it will no longer dissolve. The solution
has reached its saturation point. The
presence of an excess solid which can
no longer dissolve is evidence that the
solution is saturated.
Concentration of Solution
The concentration
describes the relative
amounts of solute and
solvent in a given volume of
 The concentration
describes the relative
amounts of solute and
solvent in a given volume
of solution.
DILUTE SOLUTION
A dilute solution has a
small amount of dissolved
solute in comparison to the
amount of solvent.
CONCENTRATED SOLUTION
When there is a large amount
of dissolved solute for a certain
volume of solvent, the solution
is concentrated.
 Labels of products sold
often show the
concentrations of solutes
expressed as percent (%) by
volume or mass.
 The alcohol used as a disinfectant
is a solution of 70% ethyl or
isopropyl alcohol, meaning 70 mL
alcohol. There are also solutions
sold as 40% ethyl or isopropyl
alcohol.
 Vinegar is often labeled as “5%
acidity,” which means that it contains
5 grams of acetic acid in 100 g of
vinegar. The common antiseptic, agua
oxinada is a 3% solution, that is, 3
grams hydrogen peroxide in 100 mL
water
 The concentration of solid solutions, like gold
jewelry, is expressed as karat. Pure gold is referred
to as 24 karats. Jewelry that is said to be 18 karats
contains 18 grams of gold for every 24 grams of the
material, 6 grams consist of the other metal like
copper or silver. This material has a concentration of
75% gold, that is, [18/24(100)]. A 14 karat (14K)
gold contains 14 grams gold and 10 grams of
another metal, making it 58.3% gold.
(1) percent by volume, which is the amount of
solute in a given volume of solution
expressed as grams solute per 100 millliter of
solution (g/100 mL), and
(2) percent by mass, which is the amount of
solute in a given mass of solvent expressed as
grams solute per 100 grams of solution.
Sample problem 1

How many mL of ethyl alcohol

are present in a 50 mL bottle of
rubbing alcohol?
Calculation for sample problem 1
Since rubbing alcohol contains 70% ethyl
alcohol, it means that 100 mL of rubbing
alcohol contains 70 mL ethyl alcohol. So, the
following calculations show that in 50 mL of
rubbing alcohol, there is 35 mL ethyl alcohol.
 All portions of a solution have the same
concentration. The composition of one part is also
the same as the composition of the other parts. But
you can change the concentration of solutions. This
means you can prepare different solutions of sugar
in water of different concentrations (for example,
10%, 20%, or 30%). In the same way, you can
prepare different solutions of salt in water.
Sample problem 2

A one peso coin has a mass of

5.5 grams. How many grams of
copper are in a one peso coin
containing 75% copper by mass?
Calculation for sample problem 2
75% by mass means 75 grams of
copper in 100 grams of one peso
coin.
Product/Performance
Gather labels of different
products and identify the
concentrations.