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VOICE LOCAL MARKET
Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
MARKET
LOCAL VOICE
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VOICE LOCAL Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
MARKET
LOCAL VOICE
The
9
News in Brief
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Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
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Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
TRIDITIONAL
MANDALAY VOICE
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15
HEALTH
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awGUavhvmEdkif&ef om;zGm;Xmeudk CRIME
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wkdif;a'oBuD; rIcif;&JwyfzGJU½Hk;\ oGm;aMumif;? ¤if;aoqHk;olESpfOD; INSTITUTIONAL
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tcsdefu wpfayywfvnf 8000? qDqkdif wpfqkdifvnf; yg&Sdonf/
1998 ckESpfwGif uDvDukefpdrf; olwpfOD;u qkdonf/ aps;opfBuD;ukd 17 {u&Sd ajr ojzihf vku d yf g ajymif;a&TUvkMd uonf/
aps;rS ukeaf vSmif½rHk sm;&S&d m Munfjh rifwidk f aps;opfonf aps;a[mif;xuf 10000 oGif;xm;&awmh aps;a[mif; xkdYtwl oD&dr*Fvmaps;BuD;ukd
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PERSPECTIVE
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vkyfZmwfcif;vsuf? csif;csif;&GJUoH? uJh&JUoHudk? emcHrNiD;? jynfvHk;[D;rQ? a0;eD;tESHY? ysHUatmifjzefYvnf;? rcHhwcHh? cHhwcHESifh BuHhBuHhyHkaocHcJhay\/}} aus;Zl;awmf&Sif r[m*E¨m½Hkq&mawmf
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MumrD mrD 2011 ESpfqef;ydkif;wGif EdkifiHa&;yHkoP²meftopfwpfckay:xGufvmawmhrnfjzpfí jrefrmEdkifiHonf wyfrawmf tkycf sKyfonfh ppftyk cf sKyfa&;pepfrS 'Dru kd a&pDa&G;aumufyeJG nf;vrf;jzifh
r zGUJ pnf;wnfaxmifonfh tpd;k &pepfoYkd ajymif;vJ oGm;NyD[k qdk&ef&Sdygonf/ pma&;ol\ rdwfaqGEdkifiHjcm;om;wpfOD;\pum;udk ,loHk;&vQif It's not a perfect start, but it's a start [k
ajym&rnfxifygonf/ NyD;jynfhpHkaom'Drdkua&pDtpOD;r[kwfonfhwdkif pepfwpfck\tpOD;awmh [kwfygvdrfhrnf/
ppf a t;umvtNyD ; 21 &mpk t pwG i f 'D r d k u a&pD E S i f h
aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfwdkYonf taumif;qHk;a&G;cs,fp&mtjzpf
trsm;uvufcHvmMuaomaMumifh EdkifiHtoD;oD;wGif 'Drdkua&pD
ESifh aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfukd jrefrmEdkifiHwGifvnf; wGifus,fpGm
ajymqdkoHk;EIef;vmonfudk awGU&ygonf/ odkY&mwGif jynfolvl
xkrsm;&mpkBuD;onf 'Dru kd a&pDEiS hf 'Dru kd a&pDpepfwnfaqmufa&;
(Democratization) wdkYudk taotcsmod&SdMuonfr[kwfyg/
jynfov l x l uk kd tb,faMumifh 'Dru kd a&pDukd vdv k m;ygoenf;
[kprf;oyfar;jref;Munfh&mwGif &&SdonfhtajzrSmtrsKd;rsKd;jzpf
aeNyD; rsm;pGma,bk,sqefonfudk awGU&onf/ rsm;pGmaom
tajzwdkYonf tb,faMumifh'Drdkua&pDpepfudkvdkvm;onf[k
pepfwuspOf;pm;xm;jcif;rsK;d r[kwb f J xH;k wrf;pOfvmt&aumif;
onf[k ,lqvufcHvdkufMujcif;jzpfonfudk awGU&onf/ tcsKdU
rSm ¤if;wdkY MunfndKav;pm;aomyk*d¾Kvfrsm;u aumif;onfqdkí
vufcv H ukd Mf ujcif;jzpfonfuv kd nf; awGU&onf/ pD;yGm;a&;ESihf
qufE, T faeaomolrsm;u 'Drdkua&pDpepfwGif ¤if;wdkYpD;yGm;a&;
tvG,fwulvkyfudkifcsrf;om<u,f0Edkifrnf[k ,lqaomaMumifh
jzpfonfudkawGU&onf/ EdkifiHa&;udk pdwf0ifpm; olrsm;uvnf;
xdkEdkifiHa&;pepfwGif ¤if;wdkYtwGuf EdkifiHa&;t& yg0ifaqmif&Guf
cGifhwpfae&m&m &Edkifrnf[k ,lqxm;Muonfudk awGU&onf/
rsm;pGmaomtajzwdkYonf 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk Demand Side ac:
0,f v d k t m; (&vd k t m;) buf r S pOf ; pm;xm;Mu onf u d k
awGU&onf/
'Dru kd a&pDukd 0,fvt kd m;bufrMS unfah omtcg pdwcf pH m;rI
ESihf taumif;qH;k pHukd wdik ;f wmonfo h abmjzpfomG ;onf/ (Value
(moral) Judgement) 'Drdkua&pDudk Supply Side ac: wnf
aqmufol ½Iaxmifrh MS unfah omtcg 'Dru kd a&pDppf rppf wdik ;f wm wdkYudk 'Drdkua&pD rvdkvm;olrsm;tjzpf tvG,fwul ,lqoGm; tvufrsm;udkvnf; vGwfvyfpGm&&Sdatmif Oya'jzifhtmrcHí
jcif ; (Value Judgment) ud k ausmf v G e f í tvk y f ½ I a xmif h Mujcif;jzpfayonf/ pDpOfay;&rnf[kqdkvdkonf/ (jrefrmEdkifiHtwGufqdkvQif twdkuf
(Empirical Judgement) rS Munfo h vdk jzpfomG ;NyD; vkyaf qmifz, G f ,ckaqmif;yg;ESifhtwl azmfjyxm;aomZ,m;\ nmbuf tcHtiftm;pkrsm;u xdef;csKyfxm;jcif;r&Sdonfh owif;tcsuf
&mrsm;udkvnf; jrifawGUoGm;&wwfayonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ jcrf;&Sd (ta&mif&ifh) Supply Side ½IaxmifhudkMunfhvQif 'Drdkua& tvufrsm;&&Sad &;tcuftcJ&o dS nfudk aemifwiG w f pfenf;enf;jzifh
'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifh ywfoufí pma&;ola&;cJhorQ aqmif;yg; pDtvdkYiSm wnfaqmuf&rnfhpnf;? abmifESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? pDpOf&awmhrnf[lonfh oabmvnf;jzpfonf/)
tm;vHk;onf Supply Side ½IaxmifhrSa&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfNyD; ,aeY 'Dru kd a&pDpepf&iS o f nfh a&cHajrcHrsm;udk jrifawGUEdik yf g (5) toif;tzGJUrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcGifh
f efzUHG NzdK;Edik o
vlajymrsm;aom Popular Opinion rsm;onf Demand Side onf/ qdkvdkonfrSm 'Drdkua&pDudkwnfaqmufa&; Supply Side EdkifiHom;rsm;onf 0goemtavsmuf? &nf&G,fcsuft
½IaxmifhrSajymqdkMujcif;jzpfayonf/ EdkifiHa&;odyÜHudk pepfwus bufrMS unfv h Qif wnfaqmuf,&l rnfh pnf;? abmifEiS hf tzGUJ tpnf; avsmuf toif;tzGJUrsm;wGif vGwfvyfpGmyg0ifaqmif&GufcGifh
avhvmzl;oltm;vH;k onf 'Dru kd a&pDukd wnfaqmufa&;½Iaxmifh rsm;? wnfaqmuf,l&rnfha&cHajrcHrsm;udk oabmaygufoGm;NyD; &Sd&rnf[kqdkvdkonf/
(Supply Side) rS oifMum;ydkYcsjcif;cH&olrsm;jzpfí rnfonfh xdk Institutions ac: pnf;? abmifESifhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? xdka&cH (6) EdkifiHom;rsm;\wef;wltcGifhta&;
Institutions (pnf;? abmifESifhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;) rsm;udk wnf ajrcHrsm;wnfaqmufa&;udk tm½HkpdkufrdoGm;onfudk awGU&rnf txufwiG f azmfjycJo h nfh tcsuif g;csuu f kd pnf;rsO;f Oya'?
aqmuf&ef vdktyfonfqdkaomtcsufudk oabmaygufoGm; jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhajym&vQif 'Drdkua&pDenf;usOya'? tzGJUtpnf;rsm; xlaxmifí yHhydk;ulnD&mwGif EdkifiHawmfrsm;onf
&mwGif 'Drdkua&pDudk aeYcsif;ncsif;r&EdkifaMumif; wpfygwnf; enf;Oya'? vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;? 'Drdkua&pDenf;ustzGJUtpnf; rnfonfhEdkifiHom;udkrQ csefvSyfxm;jcif;rjyKbJ wef;wl&G,fwl
oabmaygufoGm;Mujcif;jzpfayonf/ rsm; (Democratic Institutions) ? 'Drdkua&pDpepf\a&cHajrcHrsm; tcGifhta&;ay;&rnf[kqdkvdkonf/
pma&;olwdkYtaejzifh rdrdwdkYudkoabmrwlolrsm;onf udk wnfaqmufay;vdkufvQif 'Drdkua&pDonf olYtvdkvdk yHkay: jrefrmEdkifiHwGif topfjy|mef;xm;aom tajccHOya'onf
Demand Side bufrS ajymaejcif;jzpfNyD; rdrw d Ykdonf wnfaqmuf vmrnfjzpfí xdw k nfaqmufa&;udpu ö kd ajymqdMk ujcif;omjzpfayonf/ pmtkyfxJwGif a&;om;azmfjycsuft& txufwGifazmfjycJhonfh
ol Supply Side bufrS ajymaejcif;jzpfaMumif; oabmayguf ,ckaqmif;yg;wGif 'Drdkua&pDudkyHkazmf&eftvdkYiSm wnf Democratic Institutions ajcmuf&yfuw kd nfaqmuf&eftajctae
aomaMumifh Popular Opinion bufrS ajymoltm;vk;H ukd aumif;pGm aqmuf,l&rnfh Democratic Institutions ac: 'Drdkua&pD pnf;? ay;onfjzpf&m a&;om;jy|mef;xm;onfhtwdkif; vufawGUt
em;vnfay;Ekdifygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; Popular Opinion bufrS abmifESifh tzGJUtpnf;ajcmuf&yfudk twdkcsKH;íazmfjyvdkygonf/ aumiftxnfay:vma&;udk 0dkif;0ef;BudK;pm;jcif;onf Oya'ESifh
ajymoltrsm;pkrmS tjcm;½Iaxmifw h pfcjk zpfonfh Supply Side ½Iaxmifh (1) a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufcHyk*¾dKvfrsm; nDí tEÅ&m,fvnf;uif;onf[q k ckd sifygonf/ Institutions rsm;
&Sdaeonfudkvnf; rod? rnfonfh Democratic Institutions rsm; Oya'jyKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;ponfh tcsKyf \ oabmrSmNyD;jynfhpHkatmifwnfaqmufNyD;rS tusKd;jyKonf
wnfaqmuf&ef vdktyfonfudkvnf; rodaomaMumifh pma&;ol tjcmtmPmoHk;&yfudk wdkuf½dkufa&G;cs,fwifajr§mufonfh enf; r[kwfbJ wnfaqmufEdkifoavmufEdkifiHESifh EdkifiHom;rsm;udk
vrf; odYk r[kwf oG,0f u kd af &G;cs,fwifajr§mufjcif;cH&olrsm;u pDrH tusKd;jyKonfjzpffí&Edkif jzpfEdkifoavmufudk usm;ukwfusm;cJ
'Dru kd a&pDonf pepfwpfc\ k cefYcGJjcif;udkqdkvdkygonf/ 0dkif;0ef;wnfaqmufMu&efvdktyfygonf/
(2) vGwfvyfrQwí rMumcPjyKvkyfaoma&G;aumufyGJrsm; Supply Side ½IaxmifhrSaeí jznfhqnf;ay;&rnfh 'kwd,
trnfemr oufoufr[kwb f J 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk vufawGUusifhoHk;&mwGif jynfolvlxkrS tydkif;rSm a&cHajrcHrsm;jzpfonf/ a&cHajrcHraumif;vQif rsKd;aph
'Dru kd a&pDEeI ;f pHygaom Oya'? enf;Oya'? wdkuf½dkufyg0ifywfouf&ef tcuftcJ&Sdí jynfolvlxk\udk,f rnfrQaumif;ap tyifraygufEikd af omaMumifh t"dua&cHajrcHBuD;
pm;vS,rf sm;udak &G;cs,fí ¤if;wdYk rw S pfqifh yg0ifaqmif&u G o f nfh oHk;ckudkvnf; rjzpfraeusm;ukwfusm;cJwnfaqmufMu&ef
vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;? tzGt YJ pnf;rsm; enf;vrf;udkusifhoHk;&ygonf/ jynfolvlxkonf ¤if;wdkY\udk,f ta&;BuD;onf/
wpfqifNU y;D wpfqifU yDjyifatmif pm;vS,rf sm;udk tcgtm;avsmfpmG vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,fciG jhf yKonfh (1) ppfbuf - t&yfbuf,HkMunfrIwnfaqmufa&;
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20
VOICE
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24
The
VOICE POLITICS Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
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AGRICULTURE
LOCAL Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
PRODUCT
BUYING GUIDE VOICE
The
27
PROMOTION
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30
The
VOICE PERSPECTIVE Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
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tpdk;&? ygwDESifh EdkifiHa&;pdwfyg0ifpm;ol tkyfpkrsm;rS Ref : Civil Society and the Development of Democracy, by :
&Sad umif; &SEd ikd yf gonf/ acgif;aqmifrsm;onf tmPmudk vufcHusifhoHk;&mü 'Drdkua&pD Larry Diamond
Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
PERSPECTIVE The
VOICE
31
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32
The
VOICE
Policy Article Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
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Vol.7 / No.4 - January 3 - 9 , 2011 THE VOICE WEEKLY 33
33
INTERVIEW
Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
VOICE
The
The
VOICE Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
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The Rules of Life
Muonf/ pwifig;rQm;Ny;D em&D0ufcefYtMum tbd;k jzpfou l bD,mwpfb;l zGihf Don't be afraid to dream
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wpfbl;avmufaomufvdkY&rvm;/ Richard Templar
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f nf/ I'm not advocating gambling by the way - not now, not ever, it's really not a good idea, believe me. The
ajr; / / tbd;k / uReaf wmfvnf; wpfvyd af vmufzmG vdYk&rvm;/ point is that people limit their dreams the way they limit their winnings. And yet dreams are at worst harmless.
tbd k ; / / r&bl;ighajr;/ tbdk;u tysif;ajyzGmwm/ Don't limit them! You are allowed to dream as high, as wide, as big , as extravagant, as impossible, as wacky,
as silly , as bizarre, as unrealistically nonsensical as you want.
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(rSwcf suf - ajr;tBudKuu f kd rvdu
k af vsmrdvQif tbd;k tpmiwfEikd /f ) pdwful;,OfydkifcGifh&Sdygonf/
Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
TIPS The
VOICE
35
HEALTH
VOICE
The
Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
VOICE
The
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38
VOICE
The
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Monday, January 3 - 9, 2011
FOREIGN AFFAIRS The
VOICE
39
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42
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FOREIGN AFFAIRS 43
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