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Risk Factors and Pathophysiology

Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors:

Age: 79 y/o Bacteria: Staphylococcus Pneumoniae
Tobacco Use: From age 20-50 y/o
Nutritional State: High Intake of Sodium, alcohol used
Obesity

Organism enters to the respiratory

tract

Activation of Defense Mechanism:

Inflammation process

Loss of effectiveness of the immune

system

Bacteria go to the alveoli

Irritation of airway and release of

Colonization and multiplies goblet cells

Infection
Increase mucus Occluded Airways
Exudates from the bacteria and WBC production
erode the lung Chronic Inflammation
 Narrowing and
Cough crackles, obstruction of the
Dead Space happen Inflamed and fluid filled air sacs
hyperventilation, airway blood flow
constriction and DOB

Loss of elasticity of the alveoli

Impaired O2 and
CO2 exchange
Decrease CO2

Lung consolidation
Predisposing Factors:
Age: 79 y/o
Hypoxia and Tobacco Use: From age 20-50 y/o
hypoxemia
Nutritional State: High Intake of Sodium,
alcohol used
Obesity

OBSTRUCTIVE PNEUMONIA

Pulmonary artery vasoconstriction

Increase Pulmonary Artery

Pressure

Obstruction of a bronchus
Injury to columnar cells
Circulating blood absorbs gas in
the peripheral alveoli
Retraction of the right lung
Uninvolved surrounding lung tissue
distends
Displacing the surrounding
structures and mediastinal shift
towards the atelactic area
Diaphragm is elevated and chest
wall flattens
RIGHT ATELECTASIS
Predisposing Factors: Intimal fibrosis and hypertrophy of
Age: 79 y/o smooth muscle layers of
Tobacco Use: From age 20-50 y/o pulmonary arteries
Nutritional State: High Intake of Sodium,
alcohol used
Obesity
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Predisposing Factors:
Age: 79 y/o
Nutritional State: High Intake of Sodium,
alcohol used
Obesity
Exposure to atmospheric pollutants: Dust,
Carcinogens
Susceptible to absorption
of carcinogens
Proliferation of basal cells
Hyperplasia f basal cells
Metaplasia Invasion of bronchi walls BRONCHIOGENIC
CANCER