CHAPTER 4.

REPRODUCTION
Reproduction is ability of living thing to produce
offspring or new individuals
 SEXUAL AND ASEXSUAL
Sexual Reproduction Differences Asexual Reproduction

Involves male and female Parent Involves only one parent

parent

Involves the fusion of male Gametes Does not involve gametes

and female gametes (Reproductive
cell)

Involves the process of Fertilization Does not involve the

fertilization (persenyawaan) process of fertilization

Produces variation Variation No variation

Inherits characteristic from Heredity Inherits characteristic

both parents characteristic of from only one parents
offspring
Types of Asexual Reproduction
1. Binary Fission (Belahan dedua)
 Parent cell dividing itself into two new offspring.
 Example: Amoeba
2. Budding (Pertunasan)
 Parent body forming buds which will eventually break
off.
 Each bud become new individual.
 Example: Hydra
3. Spore Formation (Pembentukan spora)
 Fungi, mosses, liverworts and fern producing spores
4. Vegetative Reproducing (Pembiakan vegetatif)
 Vegetative parts can be grow into new offspring
5. Regeneration (Penjanaan semula)
 Parent body breaks into pieces and can grow into a new
individual
Sexual Reproduction
Involvesmale and female parent
Male produces sex cells called sperm
Female produces sex cells called ovum
Fertilization
Two types of fertilization:
1. External fertilization:
 Fertilization occurs outside the body of female
organism
2. Internal fertilization :
 Fertilization occurs inside the body of female
organism
Male Reproductive System

Sperm
duct
Female Reproductive System