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SANTOSH BHARADWAJ REDDY

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 FORCE=Pressure x Area
 For Pneumatics;
 Pressure is 6 to 8 Kg / cm2 & D not greater

than 320mm
 Hence F not greater than 50 KN
 For Hydraulics;
 For Hydraulics;
 Pressure ranges from 80 to 250 bar.
 Hence Higher Pressure & Force.

 Pneumatics Hydraulics
 Lower Pressure Higher Pressure
 Better Speed (2m/s) Low Speed(0.5m/s)
 Size: In Electrical; size is smaller than Pneumatics or
Hydraulics.
 Sensitivity: In case of Electrical; sensitivity is
good.
 Rotary motion is possible in case of Electrical
 Pneumatics Only Linear & Angular motion is

possible.
 while in case of Hydraulics, only Linear motion

is possible.
 1] Energy Supply: Compressed Air Distribution
& Service

 2] Signal Input: Signal Elements- I/p Elements,

Switches/ P.B.s Lt. Switches.
 3] Signal Processing : Processing
Elements,Control Elements- D.. Valves, NR
valves, PC Valves, FC valves.

 4] Command Execution/ Signal O/P:

a] Drive Elements-Working Elements,
Cylinders, Motors
b] Final Control Elements.- DC Valves.
 A C T U A T O R S / D R IV E E L E M E N T S

A IR M O T O R S C Y L IN D E R S

S IN G L E DO UBLE
A C T IN G A C T IN G

C O N V E N T IO N A L D IA P H R A G M C Y L IN D E R S
P IS T O N
C Y L IN D E R
TYPE
 SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER

Home Forward Force

position
Piston
Side
Extended
Piston Position
Vent Rod
Air Side
Supply
 PARAMETERS OF SINGLE ACTING
CYLINDER
PARAMETERS OF PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

1] Diameter of cylinder(Bore)
2] Operating Pressure
3] Stroke Length ( Reqd. Displacement)
4] Speed
APPLICATIONS OF S. A. CYLINDERS
1] Clamping
2] Feeding
3] Ejection
4] Breaking
 DOUBLE ACTING CYLS.

CONVENTIONAL PISTION - CYLINDER TYPE

A] SINGLE ENDED P-ROD- Not recommended
for stopping position

B] DOUBLE ENDED P-ROD

C] TANDEM CYLINDER

SEALS:
SEAL MATERIAL: a) Perbunan: -20 to 80 degree
b) Viton: -20 to 180 degree
c) Teflon: -60 to 200 degree
 SEAL TYPES.

A} Single Cup Seals B] Double Cup Seals

Ff. Fr.

Fr. less than Ff..

 Tandem Cylinders used for large force

A B

Fa Fb

F = Fa + Fb
Supply Air
Multiposition Cylinders
LA LB
0 1 2 3

A B
Position Pressure
PA PB 1st Position 0=0 0
2nd Position 1=LA PA
Supply Air 3rd Position 2=LB PB
4th Position 3=LA+LB PA+ PB
A) With Mechanical Coupling
B] With Magnetic Coupling
Advantages of rodless cylinders

1] Same Force on either sides

Hence useful for stopping & fixing
2] Saving in space.

Symbol
Basically for Obtaining Angular Motion
a) Vane Type Cylinders
1) 0 to 180 deg.
2) 0 to 270 deg.
b) Rack & pinion Type
For 0 to 360 deg.
1] No Cushioning
2] Fixed End Cushioning
3] Adjustable End Cushioning
 Direction Control Valves
 Flow Control Valves
 Pressure Dependent Valves
 Time Dependent Valves
 Logic Elements; a) Shuttle Valves

 b) Two Pressure Valves

 DIRECTION CONTROL VALVES

FUNCTION: To stop the flow / change the direction

of flowing / start the flow
Representation of d.c. valves
1] No. of Ports
One Two
2] No. of switching positions
3] Method of actuation
4] Mode of reset O/p
open 2/2 valve
Example: closed
I/p
Pr. Source
3/2 VALVE
O/p
A

T
P
I/p Pr. Source