Linear Law

1. The variables x and y are known to be related by the equation y  ax  bx 2 , where a and b are
constants. The table below shows the corresponding values of x and y obtained from an experiment.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y 15.8 27.3 34.7 37.5 37.1 32.5 22.3
(a) By using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to represent 2 units on
y y
the -axis, plot against x.
x x
Hence, draw the line of best fit.

(b) Use your graph from (a) to find

(i) the value of a and of b,
(ii) the value of x when y = 10x.

2. The table below shows the experimental values of two variables x and y . The variables x and y are
k
related by the equation y  hx  , where h and k are constants.
hx
x 2 3 4 5 6
y 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.6

(a) Plot xy against x2, by using a scale of 2 cm to 5 units on x2-axis and 2 cm to 2 units on the
xy-axis.
Hence, draw the line of best fit.

(b) Use the graph from (a) to find the value of

(i) h,
(ii) k.

3. The table below shows the values of two variables, x and y, obtained from an experiment. The
px
variables x and y are related by the equation y  , where p and q are constants.
q
x 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
y 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.7 3.5 4.8 6.2

(a) By using a scale of 2 cm to 2 units on the x-axis and 2 cm to 0.1 unit on the log10 y-axis,
plot graph log10 y against x.
Hence, draw the line of best fit.

(b) Use the graph from (a) to find the value of

(i) p,
(ii) q,
(iii) y when x = 11.
4. The table below shows the values of two variables, x and y, obtained from an experiment. The
p
variables x and y are related by the equation y  qx  , where p and q are constants.
x

x 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
y 5.8 5.1 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.7

(a) Plot xy against x 2 , using a scale of 2 cm to 5 units on both the axes.

Hence, draw the line of best fit.

(b) Use your graph from (a) to find the value of

(i) p,
(ii) q,
31
(iii) x when y  .
x

5. Table 6 shows the values of two variables, x and y, obtained in an experiment. The variables x and y
px 2
are related by the equation y   kx , where p and k are constants.
k

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y 9.5 29 56 94 138 195 260

y
(a) Plot against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x - axis and 2 cm to 5 units on the
x
y
- axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit.
x

(b) Use your graph to find the value of

(i) k,
(ii) p,
(iii) y when x = 3.2.

6. The table below shows the values of two variables, x and y, obtained from an experiment. Variables
x and y are related by the equation y  pk x , where p and k are constants.

x 2 4 6 8 10 12
y 3.2 4.8 6.9 10.5 15.5 22.9

(a) Plot log10 y against x by using a scale of 2 cm to 2 units on the x-axis and 2 cm to 0.2 unit
on the log10 y-axis.
Hence draw the line of best fit.

(b) Use your graph from (a) to find the value of

(i) p,
(ii) k,
(iii) y when x = 9.4.
1. (a)
 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y
15.80 13.65 11.57 9.38 7.42 5.42 3.19
x

y
x

(0,17.6)
18

16 
(4.5,8.4)
14 
12 
10

y 8 
 10
x 6 
4
x = 3.7 
2
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y
(b) Equation in linear form :  a  bx
x
(i) a  17.6, b  2.044
(ii) x  3.7

2. (a)

x2 4 9 16 25 36
 xy 2.8 4.8 7.6 11.0 15.6

xy

16 
14

12

10 (20,9.2)

8 
6

4

2 (0,1.2)
x2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

k
(b) Equation in linear form : xy  hx 2 
h
(i) h  0.4
(ii) k  0.48

3. (a)

x 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
 log10 y 0.08 0.20 0.32 0.43 0.54 0.68 0.79

log10 y
0.8 
0.7 log10 y  0.62 
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3 

x  11
0.2 
(5,0.26)
0.1 
x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-0.1
(0,-0.04)

(b) Equation in linear form : log10 y  x log10 p  log10 q

(i) p  1.148
(ii) q  1.096
(iii) y  4.169

4. (a)

x2 2.25 4 9 16 25 36
 xy 8.7 10.2 13.5 19.2 25.5 34.2

xy

xy  31
40

35 
30

25 

20 
15  (20,22)
x 2  32 10  

5 (0,7)

x2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

(b) Equation in linear form : xy  qx 2  p

(i) p7
(ii) q  0.75
(iii) x  5.657

5. (a)

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 y
9.5 14.5 18.67 23.5 27.6 32.5 37.14
x

y
x
40

35

30
y
25  19.5 

20
x 

(4.4,25)
15 

x  3 .2
10 
5 (0,5)
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y p
(b) Equation in linear form :  xk
x k
(i) k 5
(ii) p  22.73
(iii) y  62.4

6. (a)

x 2 4 6 8 10 12
 log10 y 0.51 0.68 0.84 1.02 1.19 1.36

log10 y

1.6
log10 y  1.14
1.4 
1.2 

1.0 

0.8
 (5,0.76)
0.6

x  9.4 0.4

0.2 (0,0.34)

x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

(b) Equation in linear form : log10 y  log10 p  x log10 k

(i) p  2.188
(ii) k  1.213
(iii) y  13.80