SWITCHING

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A
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What is switching?
How is switching is made?

Switching is setting up a temporary connection b\w 2 or

more exchange termination.

Exchange provide a temporary path for simultaneous, bi-

directional transmission of speech

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 EXCHANGE

ELECTROMECHANICAL STORED PROGRAM

EXCHANGE CONTROLLED EXCHANGE

Relays and switches are used for

These exchanges works according to
providing a closed path b\w two
the data store in the processor
subscriber for the data, voice
exchangement
Modification become possible by
changing the data stored in
Modification impossible
processor
Subscribers can’t modify their own
Can provide modification service to
data entries for supplementary
subscriber
services, such as on-demand call
transfer, dialing, short code etc.
Automatically faults are detected
Routine test required to check faults 3
 BLOCK SCHEMATIC OF SPC EXCHANGE

• TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
• SWITCHING NETWORK
• SWITCHING PROCESSOR
• SWITCHING PERIPHERALS
• SIGNALING INTERFACES
• DATA PROCESSING PERIPHERALS

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 TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
In this equipment, line , trunk, and service
circuit are terminated for the detection,
signaling, speech, transmission, and
supervision of calls.

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 SWITCHING NETWORK
Largest sub-system in terms of size of the
equipment. Its main function :
 Switching
 Transmission
Types of electronic switching system
o Space division
o Time division

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 Space Division Switching System

 Continuous physical path is set up between input

and output terminations.
 Path is separate for each connection and is held for
entire duration of the call.

Time Division Switching System

 Same path is used by number of call.
 The path is sequentially shared by number of
call for a fraction of time {time=125µs}
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 Switching Procesor
 Special purpose real time computer, designed and
optimised for dedicated application of processing
telephone calls
 Block schematic of a switching processor

To Switching Network To Switching

Central control processor

Programme Store Translation Store

Data store

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 Switching Peripheral Equipment
There are speed buffer and interface b\w processor and
component in telephone switching section as both
operates at different speed.
• Scanner
• Marker
• Distributor
• Bus system
• Line interface circuits
• Analogue subscriber line interface
• Transmission interface
• Signaling interface 9
 SIGNALING
Type of signaling
 CAS ( Common associated signaling )
 CCS ( Common channel signaling )

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 CONCLUSION
Electronic exchanges work on the principle of
Stored Program Control. All the call processing
functions are performed on the basis of pre-
designed programme which is stored on the
memory of the central processor.

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C-DOT MAX-XL

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C_DOT DSS MAX :
Universal digital switch { perform local, transit, or
integrated local and transit switch role }

BASIC GROWTH/BULIDING MODULES

BASE MODULE
CENTRAL MODULE
ADMINISTRATION MODULE
INPUT OUTPUT MODULE
 The Base Module (BM)

• The basic growth unit of the system.

• It interfaces the external world to the switch.
• The interfaces may be subscriber lines,
analogue and digital trunks.
• Each Base Module can interface upto 2024
terminations.
• It carries out majority of call processing
functions
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 The Single Base Module (SBM)
• In Single Base Module (SBM) exchange configuration,
the Base Module acts as an independent switching
system and provides connections to 1500 lines and
128 trunks.
• In such a configuration, the Base Module directly
interfaces with the Input Output Module .
• It is a very useful application for small urban and rural
environments.
•  With minimum modifications in hardware a Base
Module(BM) can be remotely located as a Remote
Switch Unit (RSU), parented to the main exchange
using PCM links.
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 Central Module (CM)

• It consists of a message switch and a space

switch to provide inter-module communication
• It perform voice and data switching between
Base Modules.
• It communicates with Administrative Module
for operation and maintenance functions.
• It also provides clock and synchronisation on a
centralised basis.

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 Administrative Module

• It support administration and maintenance

functions
• It communicates with the Base Module via the
Central Module.
• It supports the Input Output Module for
providing man- machine interface.
• It also supports the Alarm Display Panel for the
audio-visual indication of faults in the system.

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 Input Output Module (IOM)

• It is a powerful duplex computer system

• It interfaces various secondary storage devices
like disk drives, cartridge tape drive and floppy
drive.
• It supports printers and ports for video
display units which are used for man- machine
communication interface.

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 REMOTE SWITCH UNIT
• The normal BM can be modified for remoting
with the host exchange via 2 Mbps digital links.
• The number of 2 Mbps links between the Main
Exchange and RSU is primarily determined by the
traffic.
• Operation and maintenance functions are
handled by the host exchange.
• A maximum 16 RSUs are possible in C-DOT DSS
MAX-XL and 8 RSUs in MAX-L.

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