SUMMER TRAINING ON

PRESENTED BY
RAVI SHARMA
E.C.E. 4TH YEAR
 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DIVISION OF EXCHANGE
 MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME
 POWER SECTION
 PCM ROOM
 SWITCH ROOM
WIRELESS IN LOCAL LOOP SYSTEM
BROADBAND SERVICES
INTRODUCTION TO GPRS
GPRS ARCHITECTURE
 INTRODUCTION
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited(BSNL) is a Govt. of
India Enterprises.
BSNL provides telecom services all over the India.
Technological developments in the field of
telecommunication in India have been taking place at
much faster as per the global trend. Particularly
during last three years.
There has been a major transformation in the
switching technology.
 DEVELOPMENT OF
ELECTRONIC EXCHANGE
At the beginning of electronic exchange vacuum tubes
and gas tubes were used as switching devices.

By the development of semiconductor devices ,

diodes,transistors,FET,CMOS are used as a switching
devices.
 DIFFERENT GENERATION OF
ELECTRONIC EXCHANGE
First Generation-In control circuits of switch room
integrated circuits are used in ICs which are different
type of logic gates,counter,flip-flop,timers, multiplexers
etc.
Second Generation- In this signals are stored in PROMs
and signals for call processing and for supervision are
obtained in the output of the memory. In such
exchange gates multiplexers, flipflop,counters timers and
RAM are used.
Third Generation-In the third generation stored
program control switching(SPC switching) is used.
 M.D.F(MAIN
DISTRIBUTION FRAME)
It is a large iron frame, divided into two parts.

1) Exchange side: exchange side is connect with the

switch room.

2) Line side: line side is connect ed with the

subscribers.
The MDF is connected with the switch room with the
help of cables have different colour codes. The colour
codes consist of:
1)Main colour:
 Blue, Orange, Green,Brown, Grey

2)Assistant colour:
 White, Red,Yellow,Black
 POWER SECTION
This is one of the important section of the exchange
which control the whole exchange runs.
The power can be provided using one of the following
methods.
 Direct mains supply which is converted into dc
with the help of rectifiers.
 Power generator
 Battery
VALUE REGULATED ACID BATTERY(VRLA)

These batteries are require less installation charge and

space.
The efficiency of these batteries is about 98%.
Power cables are used for distribution of supply.
These batteries once installed can be used for about 6
years.
 COMPONENTS OF VRLA
Positive plate: lead cadmium
Negative plate
Electrolyte: Sulphuric acid in paste form
Safety valve
Terminal: copper terminal
 PCM ROOM
PCM Room consist of PCM transmitter and PCM
receiver.
Block diagram of transmitter

Low pass
sampler Quantizer Encoder
filter

Block diagram of receiver

Regenerati Reconstruc Destinatio

Decoder
ve repeater tion filter n
 SWITCH ROOM
At present, Switching system is based on the principle
of stored program control(SPC).
Program related to call processing divided in different
stages of system & are stored in its RAM/ROM.
Processer used in control unit’s handle or process the
call is to establish a connection b/w incoming and
outgoing edges of a switch.
 INTRODUCTION TO OCB
OCB-283(organed control Board). This can do several
functions related to communication.
Ex. General telephony, data communication

In 1993 there was entry of first of OCB-283 in exchange

of india.
 WIRELESS IN LOCAL LOOP SYSTEM

WLL means to serve the subscribers' at home and

offices without using wires.

Wireless based local communication network.

Provides voice and non voice services.

Services in rural and urban areas.

 SERVICES OF WLL
BASIC SERVICES: voice,fax,low speed data

SUPPLIMENTRY SERVICES:
 Call forwarding
 Call waiting and call barring
 Automatic call back
 Conference calling
SERVICE QUALITY:
 Voice quality
 Network availability
BROADBAND SERVICES
The term broadband refers to a telecommunication
signal of greater bandwidth.
IT IS USED
To provide high speed internet connectivity(up to 8
Mbps)
To provide VPN services to the broadband customers
To provide video and audio conferencing
To provide both prepaid and postpaid broadband
services
 INTRODUCTION TO
GPRS
 GPRS is a data service for GSM, European standard
digital cellular service.
 It is a packet-switched mobile data service.
 It is a wireless packed based network.
 GPRS further enhancing GSM network to carry data, is
also an important component in the GSM evolution
entitled GSM+high-speed mobile data usage is
enabled with GPRS
GSM/GPRS ARCHITECTURE
 THE SERVICES GPRS PROVIDES
 GPRS is ideal for sending and receiving the data via
the mobile station.
This enables the user to send information via E-mail
and also have access to mobile internet services.
It is used for virtual market application
It is used for E- commerce
 OU
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