Professional Documents
Culture Documents
- Taittariya Upanishad
Governance Concept in ‘Ramayana’
2) Impact of Globalization
– Integration with Foreign Market
– Foreign Investors expectations
– New Business Opportunities --- IT & ITES, BPO etc.,
– New Capital formation – FII, FDI
3) Impact of Privatisation
– New structure of ownership
– Multinational Companies
Brief history of corporate governance
in India
• Unlike South-East and East Asia, the corporate governance initiative
in India was not triggered by any serious nationwide financial,
banking and economic collapse
• Initiatives are being taken to (i) account for ESOPs, (ii) further
increase disclosures, and (iii) put in place systems that can further
strengthen auditors’ independence.
Mandated CG guidelines and
disclosures
• Board must meet at least four times a year, with a maximum time
gap of four months between two successive meetings.
• Must have at least three meetings per year, including one before
finalisation of annual accounts.
• Must meet with statutory auditors and internal auditors; have the
powers to seek any financial, legal or operational information from the
management; obtain outside legal or professional advice.
Mandated CG guidelines and
disclosures
Board of Directors: Audit Committee functions
• Remuneration of directors.
• Stock price data over the reporting year, and how the company’s
stock measured up to the index.
• Deferred tax liabilities and assets and debit/credit in the P&L for the
reporting year
Recent Misconducts: The List Goes On…
• Computer Associates:
– Artificially inflated revenue and improperly rewarded top
executives.
• CMS Energy
– Overstated revenues in 2000 and 2001 thru ‘round trip’ energy
trades?
• Dynegy
– Transactions to cut taxes and artificially increase cash flow ?
• Kmart
– Suspected improper accounting for vendor allowances
• Lucent Technologies
– Adjusted fiscal 2000 revenues by $679 million.
• Several more names, respected world-over
– AOL Time Warner, Bristol-Myers, Elan,Halliburton, ImClone
Systems, Microstrategy, Mirant, Network Associates, Reliant
Resources, Vivendi Universal, Xcel Energy, Xerox.
Corporate Mis-Governance
Theories of Corporate Governance
• Anglo-American model
• German model of CG
• Japanese model of CG
&
Infosys Technologies: The Best among
Indian Corporates
• As per the Credit Lyonnais Securities Analysis (CLSA), the
corporate governance ratings of the Software firms are higher than
those of other Indian firms.
SATISFIED
TRUSTED SATISFIED
TRUSTED GOVERNMENT AND
SUPPLIERS GOVERNMENT AND
SUPPLIERS REGULATORS
REGULATORS