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Ta l{[-IM 06p<130M, OCI-10BH;_r Il M area e('JI~lII'TlJrCoiiJJX Gyp >IT eqiOp MHpoaaaacs aa cuer 11 [lIJG uniuux crena 'II! Ii-Tj1 rj c nO,]J on II II oiI DCH a Ha3;:l~ B.bIXOllU;eB HS MOHI'OJlIHf rr naG,l rIlWJTbf[., n pn ;;}TOM alUlFI 1'13 JleTor:UlC'lten, BY.Il8 iKa 6 . Bynaes np[IBoJlHT CJleJl.YIQulYIQ aepemo 0 :3 a' cenenatr Cenearn .anti ;:ll"maJIbCKn M"IT 6y p5ITa MI1. ! 5 1l1lIHI pn 1689 TOIl<J na coopaHIlH npe;:r:;BoAM:feJIej;'I-TaHllleiJ rnecru 6ypJ1TCKllI! penon: <lJl<1rYA-, :6a6aj:j·xypaMwa,. 6YM a ,'1, OJlb30ff, xapauyr H mOHO, npO)IUI aaionrax B npC.Il6afrn:aJ}be. TOMCI{T1il IlaMCCniHr( cfJ. A. Fo.rosua aaKJllOIJIfJl C i:UtMH noronop, 06S'!3bJ aa 10 ID;[Jfi STU po.!i,hi KeCTH rr8 pay.:Tlhrryio CJJy~w6y Ira MO'Hr(-),-rr'bCTWM r-paanne. C 9TOf.i UMI;ofO, []O .uOI'OBOI"lY, 3TH pOJ1.:bJ llQ;JJN{J[h1 Db1,nT1 BhlA~.'lllTh' 500 ceMe-F'rI:lY1'eM p asnepcnor no CeM"hHM H nepeeentrn, llX nil rieuoe lJ06epei!{be Ce..TI€HrJf. OmI, .rr;OJllK· lID! ObTi'l1i OCT8B<'l1'bCfT B non-nmomm CeJJeHI'HHcK,011 Bo(>no!J,'cl{o11 xarrue.nRpWI, o CD 9.6 Q}K,ll 31'bOl DT ecex rroanurrccrerl. B JleTOInfCl~ OTMel.'[8- e'J'CJI, IITO B 1707 rony 9TH 0500 celVlefl nepe<.'€JUIJH1Ch B. MCC1'HOC'[',flX, Hf:l'-ilIWHI 01' HBDJlnr no l.JnKO>J n Hpo, Jlerontrcs sra 6b1Jlf:l cocran.1J"'H3 6b:!BIlIHM rO.n0l30fl Ilepnoro Cenenrnncuc-Xaparryrcxoro - pona By n3Jl{a6oM 6y.n.aeBlllM 20 cjleB-pa.iI H 1 9 18 rOl{a, rrepeaerten co CHI po!'1lOUTOJ[hCKoro 1:Ia PYCCIHlft" ff"lblK P. U. HaJ'i.'t(!1l0flhlM.IO

Oan axo n8Tlllhie 06 _03mj_1!(~mr()M AOl'OBOre rr ern ocymeC1'BJleHUII ne ynOllf'ImaroTCH [J l'lCTOp"'leC:KIlX HCCJlellO'B8H11I1X no paccaarpnnaeMOfr TeMe Ii .Il1~m:IIOTt~1 3flTPY)]'"'HJI'i'{,,1I bB bl M no,tJ,Tsepm,ITb n.nu orrpoBepFHyTl:. 31'OT11) ;;)-K'r, :Wnl.1303MQ)]{1-IOC'Th J1JJ,R'OBpeMeHIIOI '0 peinenaa sroro eorrpoca B ycnounax roro npeu eun n pencraanaercn M anose. 110HTHo<fi.

IJPHMELf III-1H fl

I, PYMflHueo I';. f-l. C~!II'II)"[(I!l:I\He (1YllWibl (npOlfCXlIo)KllIClIHt:.' u prJ.ll,onJlr.Mcn· 1'IQii coctaa]. M_areplWJlbT !I<il ncropaa n t1JrrJlI)JlOrml DellTpaJlbHOil i\3fijl: Bl~nycl{ ~. Y.~~H-~'A3, 1905, C. 57.

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2, Boraauoa ·M.H. O'TepKH ucropu« 6ypwr _MOJifOm·- ,OlD HttP,1I1 I Ot'l""11C'

yJl.11 11C1<. 1926, c, 74-75, 215-216.

3, TUJl.apea C. A. Paceeneane oypwrCbln; TI/leMCU B XVI! II ;31111111'1,11 !3YPlITMmlru,~~cJ(OI'O ff<lY'll10'Il(JJ!JTe1l1jBil'rl'2lbC],Oro anern'ryra .l!3ill(3, 11111'1 11fT I YIII.. II I[C_ TUpUL1. 'DbHI, I, YJJ:JTI-YJl3, H139, e. 126.

4, 3;l.'IlmJl.ll. E. llll. npllCOe,'l,IIllC'IIIlC Eyplt1'J1IT Ii. POCCJ1U. Y.lan_~'JJ;'J, 19;)8,1',54. 5. TaM me, c. 55.

G, T~ M me, c. 55.

7. UbllLCH)l.aMO;JPIl U;. E. J3YPlJT(."Jn!c acrcpnsecsne xporrurrn IT POJl.IlCilLIHIIl)1!:',

jilcTor mW'JJTillfliliC'U!1:JOCT,Oe 11 ccnenosa II lie. Y JI aa -Y }l3; 1972, c. 23 J -293.

8. TaM me, Go 242-243.

9. TaM me, C. 260-261.

10 . .:Ce.TleHra», r338Ta, 1992, 24. 26 lfIo~ll1.

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Ka« w313ecnJO, npn Haarre IV fP031TOM (1530-1584 rr.)_ C YKl'erT.~e\-l HeM PYCCKoro .u.eH'l'paJHI30Ba1:IJfOrO rocyaa pCTBa a KTllB1i311j10' "311 a Cb IJOmlTli,I\2 aasoeaaaaa aeMeJ]b aa BOCT01{e, B 'laCTH'OCTlT, n rrpeJlCJI ax Cn6'FJpCKOrO xancraa. OHO o6p asoaanocn, a 3 alHI,!I.HOii Cf1- OIIPH B xoaue XV sexa 8 pesynsrare pacrrana 3o.no'l'oirl Opnsr. B 1555 rony X'Hl Earn-ep Dj)H3tHa.rr Ba~<::a.%1-l)'10 3arBIlCJI'MOCIb 01' Mocl<lW. 01l:HaKO nauwlIH B 1563 rony 1iORblM xaHOM l(yqYM 13 1572 1'0- }J;Y paaopnaa 3aBIIcIlMoCTh or MOCKUbT.

[lOXO)l, T(c13Gl'lbCrO aTGlM8IH1.' Epjraxa B l5811'On.y npornn CliOI1P~ csoro X;lHC1'Ba nO.1I0)l{T!J1 na-rano .,"HIBOel3<IHII}O 3 a'llaJJ..H'017r Ctl6E1PEl, I<O' ropoe aal{OHLIIIJ1QCb 1< ROl:fU)7 XVI nexa, B 1599 rony ITO YKa3<HHllU Bopuca [Oll,YJlOB8 Bee yupaanenue npncoezmucuuoji TepPFTTOpHerI Cu6npCKOl'O xp as 6b1.TfO nepenauo 13 neaenue Kaaaucxor-o H Metnepcxoro xparr, 8 cocraae xoroporo riveaacs QC'06.cHI rpynrra KaHn.e.ns:r[HICTOR, 'n ell aaur 2 H ynp aB.}TeH HeM 'CHUU pC.l{ll M '1< p aeM .!?O B peven a ua pcrsoaau 11ft Maxa II,IW POMaHOBa ( 1613:__ 1645 rr.) sra rpynn a OhlJla pacnnrpcu a 11 nOJTylllJJlI'I naaaarnre Cu6npOlwro rrpHK3S2. B 1637 rozry ClI'6fTPC'Kl-IM I1pHKa3 6blJi nbl,LI.e,nen H3 n O,LI.4J1JJeI:l. lUI 1\a3(1[1- cuoro If Meru.epcl<o'oo ,1I.BopLla.

,ila 1629 rona r.1J2BHbIM aJl,MlmurcTp2TlillHhrM ueHTPoM Cllpnpn nnJI flJlCJ3: TOOOJlbCK. C sroro I1peMemr Cl1011 pb fih!.1l8 paanenena tra nna p33PJlJl.3 (ooJlacnf): To60.'1htKFlf{ (3anat\H.1JJ: l:JaCTb) n TOMclnrH (BOCTOY.IHlfl xacr»).

C Ha42J1<1 ! Vl l 'BeKaI'OTpfI,lI.hI PYCCIHiX Ka3alWB II C.I'!Y}KTTJlbL'\ npncrynnau ~ 'KOJtOHIl3;;1IJ,JU! BQrCTOl:JHoJ\ C1l6 lip I! , O('I-I01H1JrTT B K34eCTBE' .orrop·HbJX nyHK1'OB ocrpcra: Em4G.ei1\cl{Jl1'! (1613 fOA), K})ftcflOlIPCKHI1 (1628 1'0,11,), H.TIII Ml:I\HJ.'r (1630 ron) II npyrue. C nanana 20.x rO}J,OB

-12-

eH.uceMCKlTC uoeuonu craom OTTl14aJ:lJHITb pa I'ShlX mO.iu·JI 1l.JlH pasuenKI1 If ctiopa xcaxa C aeaaaecraoro j.(oceJ]e lfM Hnpo.n:a-6paTuB (6ypwr). B 1626, 1627 roaax OTpR,LI. nun IWMtHl.ll.ofr lVlaKcl1M<l Dep(I)I1·~"'eaa n pelln pHHHM~J1 JJOXO)J;bf anep x !'IrQ Aurape, O.a;IW K(J AO 6YPllT He .[laO p aaca. TeM TIe MeHee l l apqll1.JtbeB e06 p aJl acax C sseu IWB, c06- pan CBep,CFHUI. a Byp.nrckou 30MJle, KQTOpaSl 110 JJ;o.HlihJM nOCJTeWH1x. rrpelJ,c'raBJ1flJHiCh 6o'flHOH II MIlOrO,f)[O,1lIIOlI.

B 1628 rony OTJHIA C,nyw;I1JlblX J)lo)lefl non KOMaH,Il.OBaHJleM COT· lill.lia Flerpa BC1(rCTO'l-I a uarrpasnnca }IS EHJ1CelrCKa 1{11n .fl.C3'IDorO c60pa fI 1I0C'l'POHK11 OCT'pO-.lh 1«:1. II pOJ.(BHra 51Ch BBepx 110 Am" a pe 011 [lOCTpOHJI OCTp(Zlr, coopa.n ooraThLtl lTCaK C 3BeHKOD. sUTeM }J;o6paJT<C.fl ,!I.O Y'CTMI pexu OKa II B1~IJl nepBhlH ncax C UP0)JU1B3BTJJl1X 'fa i 6yPlIT-680 c060'JIeH, 2 n.n8CT1Hlbl .nHChfl H 2 006POBblX JIIlUI<HblX nnannoxn.t

C 4Q-x rO}J;OB XVII aexa HaqaJTOCh uporraxaoaenne ~l ]{O.'J01HI3a·

UHf! PYC'CKll1111H 3a6ai1r<8Jlbl1. B 1640 rony MakcHM nep¢m1beB ~ rrpen ax (J 3a 08 [1'Kla.nbe no peke B f11'I::IM, eecnos t 645 rO)1,a B 3CFlJIJUI Ko . .neoun<OB c. COTHell ((33aI\OB nepenpaanncs 4epe3 Dnlil<a.il H acrpeTRJI B VCTbe CeJIeHTH "OOJIbIIIWX» 6ypwrCKllX Juo.ne~J «B1Hl}J; c MOH~ rOJlbcl(i:lMJJ JlIO.l{bMI1» H B03BpaTJlJICSI oGpa1'HO, norepnes lIey,llaLf)/«llOFl'CKY lHilA luiMII BO~!HOlO EUlKB aoro ae yna JlOCh». B c,rrc.ny.IOw;eM, .1646 ro.ny llliOBb upennpuaan nOXOA sa nafllKllJl Qepe3 era ce(;lepHY10 01<oHe'IHOCTb, lJOCT'POI-iJl B YC1'be Bepxnef AlIl'aph! ocrpor.

OTIlp<1BJIeHiHbfH eUHceikKMM B0ei30,n:OH CbJH 6o.flpcKTill nOX<lOo)'J ~

1647 rOAY ao r aase CJIYiKHJIblX H «oxbq}lx» ,rIlOl[eM rrepenpalU:l.JICH

sepes BaHIWJI, IIo6blSaJl HB CC.1IeTITe 11 Y,!I.e. B peaynsrare ooell C - «11H.oaeM UBM.H» 3<1XB8.TJ1Jl 6oJlee. 70 BJJe.HH.blX (<<}KellOR n pe6IlT:», HI) rTOA1.Jl'ElfUTh «l1H03eMUeB» ff 33CT'aBUTh TIJiaTHTb Real<, ne CYMe.ll. «l-la· urae MOlfil C1I)J]bKO He cTa.'1o,-ao06w.aJl OH,-DOTOMY 'TIO .TIO,!]:}! limo· rne. n KOlIlThI, a }KIrBYT B CiKone 11 01' pea OT'KO'leBaJIH».2

Ha 06paTHOM rryTIi Tloxatioa sa IO.llUlOrr OKOH.C'llIOC'TH naHK3,HI nOC1'pOHJI Ky JlTyRtKHM ocrpor, CTanll1[JH oaSOH noc.lH~~ylOlUIU Il a6 ,ron FI a Gyp R,C:KHe seM,na.

13 1648 rony Uti nOMOUJ,b Iloxuccey 6bl.JI ornpaaaen OTIHfA.il 50 qeJIOf\.eK no.cl, I<oM:;nU.I,OI1 ChlHH GO}IPl:clWI'O HIUIHB J'aaxnua c rWK~' 30M ~H a HOllLLX aa PO).l;o.e noaozsuru RCBIK 11 MCL'1'B OKPJlO B,dh.aJl a 'l'OtHIO onacar», a TJ1aBlTOe ncxars 30JlOTblX 11 cepe6pSHlhiX )I{IlJT». ,ilOH}J;R AO YCTMl Bapryanaa, fa JIK1HI aCHOBaJi 3}J;eCb ocrpor, erasunl.il 6a30H AMI saBoeBaHHJI 3afiaH'K3JIb5!. OTClo}J;a coaepmaancs noX.O;lU,T K 6ypH'l'a'M, KOQeB3.eWILM lID Bapryaauy, H.HJ£{He:fi Ceneure Id XHJIKY.

Kax orxenaer ¢. A. Kynpff<Buea, B 3a6ai'JKBJIbe CJJ),'KH.1lWe JIIO~ ,1l.M, BCTpeljBH ::lIfaqRTeJibHble rpyrma 6YPl1T fI MOHrOJlOB, .ll.OJITO ae

-13-

peiuaaacs J].dkTBd.BGll b npornu I1It 11.lllIlIIM' 1I1'1i1 M , T '. O'l'l\l)blHaTl:> soeaasre ll.eliCTlllBr . .n"lil(C ,1,(lJurhlir 11 ,ht'(" 1)1\1111 «Jjul a6a-xaA», f(aK OYPHThI l1<IdLlD[lJ)Il l laaua IluxHGOfl,I, (JI,I.I 111111) ,I"ltl! .Il.e]"ll:'rIlO. aars ocropoxcnee, orpanavunaaci, IIPCIIM) II~C rueuun )UIIl.1!U'I1JTO'leCKlLMH nepercsopa /lW C Mec1'J:j bIlI!ll Kllfl3r..un MIl II IljlCjlll;1 jllll'e,'1 ['llblM II lH13B€J1.KaMll. Ilocrpoaxa 13 3at'iauKlJ.ITbe, IWI II Ct'Bt'PlI '(! 11 suuauuee Gam .. aJIGI cern yxperraeuiusx OCTpOrOI3 n03BO~I}j;I.'I eJI~ 1!(!fJllJIM JlIOll.lTM )J.£flCTBOBaTL> oOJ1ee peunrre.nsuo. TOK, B 3aualn«'IJlli ,lqlOM Bepxueanrapcxoro, Baprysuacsoro OCTporOB, s 50-60 ronax Cir>1JIII 110 ''1- poenu OCTPOfJl: Hepu HBeRlIlr, CeJleafHFIOKHH: ( 1 665), Y)J.ILIlCI{u ii (1666 ron),

Cenearurrcxaa ocrpor aanoacnna CJlYilWJlble JlIOA£! BaprY3HHC1\0- 1'0 ocrpor-a 27 eeHTJIOplt 1665 rcaa, I(<JK coocmaa YCTj10JiTeJlb 0(;:1- por a I'p. JlOU.Q013, 13 rpex .LlFlRX nYTlJ or Cenennrncxa CTOHJI «KaMCHTlbll"1 ropon» TyweTY-X<lH<J. Kaaa'luJi C(,}THII~ Ocnn Bacuaseu c{')ou· lLl.3J1: «tlonOH Ceneur-mrcxuii ocrpor nOC'TllBJlf'R GJ1[13 Myra.nh JilIX uaperl II GJILI.:s fiX h:aMeHH()~O rOpOJ1.<i, 1J1'T1i neurero HarOIO II Ce.reurllllcKOBO OCTPOI'Y TOT MYH.raJlhCKHH ropon l3 TpCX J.~lllllu.a~ U MerTU npuner.ac MI10rOJIIOJJ.1I0e II uapcraa paaaue H OPAbI MflOflie»,3 .

CTpmlTCJlhCTBO Ct:Jl(~lIrJlIICKOro ocrpora aa npa aoa 6cpery pelm Cesrerrru <JyTh H11.IKC MeCTa "lJIl[l;n;erulfl B nee pelUf q I1Koji, r.e, [I aenocpencrseuaoa OJlH30CT14 1< Me TaM KO'leBOK MOJirOJlOB, RBll.1IOCb G05b1Tl1eM, IIrpaBWIiM DL.Ui\ll,IY10 pOJJb B jl(1!l3RU QeJIeI:lrfJHCilmX tSypflT.

3aUS'lThre Me}Rll.YYCo6uoii /5oPb6ou X<lJlXaCCKl1e KHH3hS'l na oep.Bb.{X nopax 6blC'rPO ne cpearaponaau ua CTp011'1'eJll,CT130 CeJ1enrJJHCI<Ol'O ocrpora B MeCTaX 11X criopa ~ca'.l{ja c OYPfl1' 1I9BeUKOB. leM apeueHeM pycoxne CJly2KIIJUile J110Jl.n yxperrnanu ocrpor, CneJlaJ111 era uerrrPOM ceopa aca xa C 6Yp5lT [J 3SeHI{OB, KOl.{eB8BLLLUX B CpeA.HeM 1'elJeuna Cenearn, rJltlBfiOil onopoti KOJlOIIH3aIl,nOIIlTOll 110JlK1'HKH MOCKO.Bcsoro uapa B 9TOM rlailoll. B 1675 rony 1l CeJleHrlIHCKoM ocrporc yme II [I C I{JlThlBilllOCl> OI{OJIO 30 JI: BO P DB, 13 KUTOP bLX lIP O.lfUlIHlJIO IS oJ! e 200 JlY)lUlJlbIX II «ryJl5JIUIlx» JIlOAei1 u HX lJIH.:JiO pOCJIO.

MOl:lfOJlhcKr.re 1{HSl.3bf[ CTaJiIt upeanpuuuaari, peunrrensnsre .n;eiicTIHlfl nporas Cenearuacxore 0 rrpora, CJreAOB8Te.rIh1:10. KOJlOHHsa1'opCl\ fl nOJIHTllKll MO·CII1O'BCKOro ua pa. B 1667 rozry MOHrOJIb'CKFle KHJI3bH OTlrpaBI'fJIH I:l Moclmy rrOeOJlbC1'BO C >l\aJlo6ofi nporaa Crp011TeJ!hcTaa ocrpora ties IIX ae,lJ;OMa, O)J;HaKO OHa 6bIJIa OTRJlOHE:Ha. O)l.HO,SPE:MeHHD MOnpOJIJ;>C!Klle KHjlSbSI I:IE:Oil1.ffOKP8THO nananaaa aa PYCCKHX H 6ypwr B paaoae CeJleffNIHCKa c lleJlhIO B03'Bpaw.eHHH sTuff TeppHTO-

pITH non OBoe BJllHl'Hlle.

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re fI .npyrlle nperennonana ua noaynenne c HIIX HeaKS, nOJ1.l!IUleHlJe lIX caoevy rOCIJO,llCTBy.

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Mor:rrOJlbCKHe XBl1bI HCOlnIOKpBmo cr aaann nepea pyCCl<HMR BOIlpOC 0 He3jll\QlfB'OC.TI1 CBMOBO,11MIOf1 nOCTpoJ\il'4ll CeJlerrrRJ.)CIW n l{alI(lI,b1Ir pas HX TIIHITfl3<J1ilffl o'raepranucs. B D.1UfOM FlS OTBe1'OB pyCCKRX rOBOp IIJTOCh: «H Ce,~ell.rI'IHCKlliol ocrpor DOCTa BJ1eHS ero napcxoro BeJlJ.f1JBCl'Ba Cn6HjJcrWfO rOCYJIapCTSa 3eMJI8 II 13 TOM ocrpore lKHBY" lIJifl acanmsx I1POMhlCJlOB ero napcxoro BelTRtIeCTBa mo.n;11 He caaoBOJJbHblC", ,UaJjee cooeuranocs. uro 060. acex cJlyqaSlx «06HAhl pasoperma FI y611 ikl'B a», npnnnnennux MOfJrOJIaM, rocy.n;apeBblM YKa· 30M BeJlenO «CbTCKBTb B npaBJ{p.5

B~Pb6a aa oananeune aacenennu M 6YPH1'3Mln paii:oHoM cpennero '1'eQeHl'IJr CeJTeFll'l'I fie orpaun maanacs lleiiCTBHRMl1 rrOCOJlbCTB, nepeTIlfCKO~, COBapmaJJ'HCb l!aCl'b!e HaEierH tra nOceJTeHTHl apyr .n;pyra MOHroJIOB. 6YPflT, PYOCKHX, 1'I36neHlfR .Il10.lleH, yron ,~owalurli, xpyrruoro per-aroro CKOl'a. Ornenenue rpynrru 6YPRT. MDHfOJTOn 11 ssertKOB 13fleMefTa~U yxonHJHl na repparoputo MOHfOMIPJ IT soaapamaJlliCb 06paTHO.

HpKYTCKBH aoesoaa }fBaII' BJlBCOB TIHCEI;n B OTITlIrlH': «D nhlHf'WHeM 190 (1682) rOAY B pa3<HbTX MeC1ll3)( 11 tIHc.uex, rrplIXOJI51T l{jCe. JJerrCKoMY TJ. ~l1IrfficKoMY OCTpOry ~ CeJle1ITIIHCROro yesna nil 3tlHMJ<II Myr-W2JICKIJX R Ta6YHYTCl{lIX -raHllleH YJ1YCHbTe aionrr, Ii pyCC~{JlX cny:xambrx Jno.n.ei~ Ii lICfI'KHX I1'lH10B JlJo.n.efi rron ropol\OM H na saFl~: xax FI HB rrpoeanax rro CME'.PTII rrorinaator, 11 .notuann, II pora-nnr CKOT OTrOHHIOT nennecrarmo. a rosopnr (',IlOBa C TIQXBA.TlbUOIO, yrpo>KalQ1JH BOHHC1<liM rrpnxonov R(I TB01<l, 13e.IHn<oro rocynapn, 0 TPorH, H acamaue CeJ1eRrHHCKHe Bpauxue JJIOIlT1 B Ce,~E'I'1TI1HCI\OM Y(3)(C lKHByr C BPJHIIUTM oll<'lceHlIeM, O)[{I[)lalO1' nn ce611 sonncrorx npll~o· ]l,QB; a HTThle. rncYlL31lh, Cr.rreUrlll:lCKl1e scaunnae Bpauxne moan, ynoRCb rex HX noXaaJHJ;'Hwx relJei1. YXOJl,SH I{ MYHTa.nCt{HM H TaEiYUYT. CKllM ratuna», TI OT roro lIJlHHTbCH CMYTbl U aanopu BeJIIdKye».6

H3 Caneurancaa rorna o« nncann: «B Hhlf1elllReM 80 193 -( 1685) ro,u.y, 11roIHI 11 nna, B Ceneuranonou ropozc OT MYHf[I,TJCIQIX nerrpu-

-15-

flTeJrbCKIIX JIlOll.en C1UUIM B ocane 01' KpdHbTX 'l'aiirup-l\, OI(OJIO rope- 1l.3 H lTO 1l.0poraM aeaae aaaermt; e3)l.HJ qeJIO'BeK no IOU 11 no 50, us no)l. Canenrrmcxa ropona KOHHOii <ra6yH H poraruf CIW1' Q'rrOH5I.IOEr, pyccxnx mO)J,ei1 non roponox panar H neQfflial~'r». n IIflChMe Obl('f{33blB<I.naCb OOSl3Rb nepen namecranev «Bor1l.ai1C"1( il l·llJlbP,.7

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3~IIUtm.!Hrr{1 [ Ce,~etIT1HH"Ka Bnl)lepil':.3,1T14 na'I'Ul'K, OC81Kll;<1. BLWfX rr B 01'l<'Pbl1'OM 00'10 B ToeaCIWM ypOtllllUe pa36n.rm MOnrOJlon. B n8MHTb o KPOBOllPO,'lIl'fUOM cpam:ell(lll sr a MeCTROCTb rrOJlYYFIJl8 Y PYCCKl1X aasnauue Y6HeFlHoII.

TeM H MeHCC M'llorO"IIl('JleHHblC MOflrOJlhCKne OTPH)l,bl rrrOAO.QXGJ-

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-16-

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-17-

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-18-

20 .asrycra 1727 rOJJ.B npencraarrrenn POCC!!}! Caaaa ParY3~nJ-

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ITo BYPIiJlCJWMY Tp8KTBry Bee rtnexeu a, KO"IJeafiBilllfe H rrtrrpatrasHEX MeCT'a X;, npasn aBa.!HTCb rronza fTFlblM n Taro rocyaa pcrna, .H a 'repPI1TOPli[ll' xoroporo orm nBXOA1i!II'ICb fla MOMeNT noznracarran JlOIryMerrl,'a. Bee rrofrM<lIHlble nepe6eilFIFIKTI rra upyryro CTOPOHY rpairmra uepenanaaacs 06pa'I'Ho. Ilepexon rpaauuu paspemaacs TOJl'hKO no cneII,J.t<l.r:IbI!OMY p33pe.weHHJO CTOpON. )Jj!.fI opr amraannn perynapaon roproaaa TpaK1"aTOM 6bT.fTH on penenensi naa nyrncra-r Ksxra H UyPYXBKTYi'r na per<e Apryrrs. nJIrJ oxpanu y[WnlmbT 6blJlIT coopyacerrsr CeJleHrIUICK851' TIOHJlKOCBBcl«aSl (c KSIX'I'H1ICKHM cj:JopnOCTOM) H Uypyxal'hYlrcKafl xpenocrn. Ha -rpannue YLT;1HlIBJlHBaJ(TI'ch T{apaY.'Tb!He60,llbfLme ocrporn, otineceuaue "H1CTOKO,l!OM. I'apausoau K2payJloFl C poccniicnoh CTOPOllbT COCT05l.1111 1I3 {,OJlIlWr, K83a1<OB 11 6yPJ11'C1U!X .llpYJI<HU,

B 1727 rony Canna P IJ rp,rJ[l ClO I 11 B cnee M LlOHeCeJlliUI mrca,II 0 6YPffTax: «CJJY>ti:HT uepoio Poccnn, nc yC'f'ynafl rrpllPQ~HbIM POCC'H"'H<1 M; CEOJIM opyil{ lleM J1 J{OlJeBa TmeM rpa nnuy P acnpocrpan A'JUl, MYI1' nlJlbCrmii geMmU[bl FleJTII'I(QIO 'HICTblO 3 a B,IHI llCm'f , T13 rpanaue c neJIHTGfM 'I<lHnHeM 11 nepnoc-n.io (ibl.1lTr 1100[lOopY/f,elllJ 11 Jl.()GplilK.O)·II-ll~!. )J,ep>Ka,nu 0H)Z.l0 -DOllTH no I3ceMY p~IC- T0S1HII10 B MROrOJlTOI\CTBe; npn"PhITUCM rpa nnu II paa-sean a II cnyxcnnu oe::! )R[lJlOSaHb5T C l~QOPhlM cepaneu n Y"lJ'IlBOCTT.IO, n a KOTOPbl x fI rrMeJ1 60,fJbUlYlO J-Hllle}J{Jl:Y. Ell ,!l.5T H)( xparipocrt, 11 yeep.ll.ue».14

BypliHCTUIH .'J.oroBop1727 rona aaxperm» 6ypwrc}{oe fI8CeJleHI)C "HI Poccnen 11 rrOJIQ}KllJ] xorren 6QJlbTlJ II M nepexo-reexa M 6yps:r:-r ,1 MORro,noB no ooc' CTOPOHbl rpammsr, cnOC06rTBOTH1.n: cTa6tWL13aUlill 6Y{lHTCIWfO rH\('~eHHJ.T. no T{pa-11Hefr Mape n npurpaml-q.HhIX pi:lJ10Hax.

BM_ecTe C Te.M "A upencnax oGwr8F1fHl CUIE'ArlrnCKHX oypwr [1[lOIICXO)J,llT nocrenenrrasr PYCCIOl51 1,<l3a tlMl. KPCC'Tl • .RIICK<tJ! T{0.(10H HS8 U lUI lqiiUl. TI01vWMO c-rpoHTe.T1bCTB;J n VKpen.'IemTI1 CeJleFlTHllcJ{OTO OCTpOl'a, 0 lW1'0POM 1'013 rHJ1OCI, nsnue, 13 n peorl nOJIOBUH XVIII aexa CTPOfiTC5I nocenemra pyCC[UiX l<pe{'1'MTfI no nOJUHl(lM Ceaeurn Fl n}Jnl~W. ITo aannux E. M. 3nJIl{lllfAD., l~ 1740 rOLlY 0'1' Ce,TIeHrHHCKa nuepx DO peKaM Ceaerrr a. n)KlI1l2 TI )KeJlTypa na paCCTOmTlTII ISO Tll'j)t1' lIllC.'lHJlOCh no M('JlRIIM )lepeSHI1M ncero 16 .llBOPOB, OT Ceneuruucxa nnepx lTO LTrmoro aa PilCCTOHJ-fIUI 289 13epcr-29 JJ.BOpOB. Me}l{, .lly Ceneunmcrox 11 YJJ;HHCKOM TIO Cenenre If Y6YKYHY OOOCHOB8.

-19-

JliHt;-b «-pa3HblX ~mQa ~6b)BaTe len, H OJIl>1 II hill Ill' I \1ml. IitM~ro:r, n $I'~ :}l.l;lOP:C)B», E Hno.nflII~c~ax I< paCJlO~1 jI~JIj(' "tjJ I, ,I IlihlB /{IHJ H 1\.a.rrelIGBlrKoH ae pe13tH1X !5 &1J1 0 Bcero S .ij~m P0):l, u l LIIIII l i I,,! uzu II J .Il:B.OP l1PKYl1CKoro ,LISOP@IDfHa ~eAopa Beirrona. I:)CCI'!J III >I)~'{ no Cenerrre 01' ·}l'1llf,HCKa Haeq}('T.blaaJ10c,i, l.>Ie}lee era 1lI301'OIl.I) 0/111,11 speaeHeM cjJ~e nrr r.'C.tlKJ.H~ .II.er>eEHIJ pa3pOC.1JiHCb 11 eo l1IHII,1J1 )iOMJlhHO MHOrO,I11OAlU:Ile ~1.aCeJWH HbU~ llyliKTl"l, P a o J10 JlQ )1< enu we" ~l Tep plITOp'IHI, r/I.e up 02l<!trI <I Jii] CeJ1~1TirurClo:re 6YP51TbI.

t SO-·x T01HJB XVIJI Bel¥! no YKas,amno Esarepmra 11 Il 3a6s,M.R<lJ1:lJ>e nOCemiJ11!feb 3Ha t[l:I['eJlb.!lh[~ rpynnu cra po06pflJl,l.lffiJ (<<ceMeil(;rtltx»). o If}! Uot'eJ!lIJ,lHCll orJIBS'HblM 06pB.;IOM na reppnrcprra 6YPJfT XOpIiUI?EiOrO Be)J.QMIl'Jsa no JI,O.n-Mt:l<lM p.eK Ce.l]e~a, YA<I. Xl1JTOK. qHIHlit Ha -rccpuropnn eeJ1eHrHllCKl1X "6ypHT ceMeaCK11e 110 CYUJ,eCTBY B TO BP,e'!oUl He fTo~eJlJ1J1lil.c.b. CeMe~Clrne CeJ1a SlroAHoe (l:IbrHe CeJl~t'HHtlKHii pafl@·nl rrepece.J~IiJlI'1Cb cro.aa TOJI.qKO B 1918 rcay 113 Tapdararaa, ,YKa3 17 D'KTflQPH 1799 ro.n,a npe)J;TT.HCbTsa.i1 BLlCbl.rrKY B 3aoafh~,a,ll.bC .n.ecanl TblCRq [!epece.1JeRmeB~{)TCiaBHblx conn ar. ccsurslID-IDfl€.eJIeIDJ;e.e, o.M·a'KO $aRlnPreI::'KH :np.Ji.()hl;;JIa (_(10Aa T0.Jfh!/IP 0:X ae·;3'!Utl.J.1iTeJIbH<:HJ .q a'C"Tb.

nPHMEtJ.AHH5I:

1. kKY.ll)lJIIl.lleB (fJ, A. HCTO,PIHI 6y[lll.T -Mmr,n(lm,('lwrl'1 Ifa,PO,!!,:n (arXVTr· ,Ii .. An M-l[ rO,!!,OB xrx 6.). O'l~J1Kt!. M.-.n., 1940, c. 41-4"2.

'2. TaM iKe. c. '18. .

3. IUim.peB C.A. Pacccacrrrte 6Y!lHTOm;;: n.rl(~~11'1l n XVll ~. 3:nWCKH n.-M.

J IJ"lH5I.rUl, Ilbill. r. .Y.q.(lll,.YJ13 -. 1.939, C._ 125-~Q6i ,3U.IIKlfll,ll, E M. npIlCo~lIfiellJ.te fiYDJ:lTl!l1 K PPCP'I!1. Y,~a!1':V1l3,. 19:,8. c. iJO.

4- BOrn1HIOB M, A. O'lel)l'Il 1IC.1'{)PIIII O},P)!T-MOllfO.)]b('!(Om 1I0]1llTtrl. Bep x I1e

l1,liIlcK, 1921', c. 64. ,

5. $alfKlUlJJ, E.M. Ylla3. COlJ" c. 73.

R 6OT)UIHOB .M. 1-1 YI<ail, CO'!., c. fl3.

7." TaM me. c. 65_:Ofi. 11 '"

8. 1(\I,lqH1Buee q). A. YIUI3. <':011.. c. 51 ~52; llrrl5U\toll S,M" K BOITpLll1' 0 noopnf!OJlhUQ-M' npueeenuu I· uu BYPffnJV\.Q1ITtlJlIIll I{ P~CCHJj. ¥mlll.Y!l3, 1956, c. 36; 3lHl~III1.1l .E, J\'I. YKlp. Cu4., C. 77, 0H I,0,11WlllCTBr.l p;pe.'1]'U()I1 UI1P,"W.'I/fCT lJ I1niT- 1'0111>1 l'b1Cft41-1 'lIN!UBE?J', a 06 «J1JC3'fllhll( JnOIl~")(» III" yn'/M"llnm"I.

9. ·TO!Hl.peB C: A. Yl{a3. C{)4., c. 126-127. lO, !\y.f,pll-Bu,eB fJl .. Ii. ~'l(a3 COIl., c. 52.

11. 3aij1~HItJl E, M. Yra3. CO'L, c. rsa, '2. TaMlKt.'i, c. 97.

13. Talll:'lKe, c. 98.

J4. I<J(Apm'lll.eB 41. ,A. Y!ta3. ,c0Q., c. 88.

H. -PamHfR}L E. M. Yl{a3. CO'! ... 1". 119- L20.

.~)];MJ'f F,I.HCTP.A T~8H.OE • Y nr ABJIE IHoi E. HACEJII.,H,HE, A.n,M,11H.IlCTpaj:lfB\1,.Oe yrrp.aaneane caaenrnncxax 6YP.jJl'. cl ~1,'r,l\'lec-

RII llRJJIOlillilBIDHXC1T B coer an POCc,IiIHCKoro I'IJCYA3pc:rna no STOPO!l

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hOJIoBTme xvri sexa, recuo CBR31UlO C HCTopneH PYCCI{QH KOJIOH11- 3aUHIi CU6HPll IT oprrurnaallllet'l 8.IIMHHHc.TpaTllBllOrO ynp aaneuaa eio.

Bo BTOPOI1 nmWB!--IHe XVII nexa c rrpncoenanemiex K POCCUll

BOC'fOtJHO~i CW')HPU H:.lplIAY C To60,1JbC.KtlM n TOMC1GlM 06pa30BaJIIiICE Ul.E' ABa pa3pH~a-ET:ilrceJ1crull7t 11 JIeucrmfr.

OCIlOBHOH OIlMJHlHCTPlrTU!UlOii. e.D.HHI"Ul;eif B CUOliPl1 B XVil aexe }IBJUl.iJCH yesn, B cocra Be l(,01'OpOrn H<JXO;rUWIlCb rrocenerrrrn pyCCKT!X II reppUTOJ)lIH HCl!i'-1HhlX-MeeTHoro xopeaaoro rraceneaaa. OCHOBHOH a nna CleM MecTEOU 3)(MHf1Y1CTpaUml, IlO)l.l'jIDIeIIHOH CHfiHPC1WMY rrpnlW3Y, flBJlflJ10Ch yKpenJleILHe n031iIV1II UapU3M8 B pascne, coop IlC8X8 C Mec.THoro nacenenns, o6.nrnl<enne HO"BhlX rpyrrrr H8c.e.'Ie}fNSI SIcaKOM, X03flikTBeHlToe OCSOeEl[e Te.pPHTOPrui.

B 1682 ro~y . HP1<YTCK cr an ueHTJJOM CaMOC'TOJITe,lTh1l0ro BoeBOllCTBlJ, K IWTOPOMY :KrOMe Ao6aj!ma.llbCKHX, OblJ1l'T rrpauacrau H sa6aiixanseune OCTJ10T 11: Bepxneanr-a pCIrnl1, B apry3fIITCRITfl, Y A1UICRIU1, Ce.'1eHrFlI:ICKnfi, tsayrrroacxua, }'fTalID.J1HCKl!ii, EpaB1r1TH(,I{Ml~i. Bee OHll COCTaBJ)'H,llJ[ vr'p~.yTCKl,tti yC3Il,. B STOT nepuon S3JKH"bIMn (J!lMJUmcTpa· 1'lHHlblM II, TOprO"BbTM.1l ucurpa MI'l 3anaAHoro 3 a6 ajiK@J)MI craacaarca YJlTHlCKF!1f II Ce.neHrlfHCKHii ocrpora.J

YA!lHCKTIil ocrpor, II 1690 rozry nepeTilMeHOB3HIlbIH Il ropna, non-

'I UlHfJICI1 JilpKYl'cKoMY BOeBO,ll.C'fBY Ii yrrp a B'.1.H'.lTCSJ H a 3H-a 'IeHI:I hI Mil

BOeBOD.otl rrp rma3clllli,aMrr- Bl>lClU[{I'IUf 3AMilHHC't'pa1'HBf{b1MH JftlUa ~Ul,

B 1708 rOAY BCR C1l6uPb 6hlJl3 o!heJl.HlIeHa B Q)I:I1y CIlQHPCKYIO ryoeplHflO c UeJ:lTPOM 13 repone Totioascxe, B ce COCTaB lUO]UI.aiJ JilCH Cl!unpr:. M Flpuypam.csaa 4.3LTb Eaponeacxoa POCCHH. B 1719 ro)l.Y Cnriupcrcaa l'y6CpIHUI pa3.ll.eMIJTaCb rta 5 rrpoBrrrrn.l1H: BJJTCKYlO, Co. JII1KaII.rCK)'IO, , TOMCKYJO, Eanceiicxyro 1I l'IPJ{YTCI{)'IO,

BYJl fj'rFl.fl, Kali ncs BOCTO<JIHlfl C116HPb, BXOll11JI fI B CDCTQB HpKY'fCK,Ol1 npOBIurn,UH,KOTopaH B 1764 rO)Iy' nhl.IIeJJlr;rraCb B C<lMOCTORTeJIbHYlo l'yoepHluD. B nocaenytounre rO)),bf npeodpasouaaaa aAM f.{HJICTjJ3TffBHOro ycrpoacr.sa Cu6npn npO.!l,OJI}K8JIllCb. B 1782-1783 ronax B C no If p H 6 hl JIO Y'I P e)IUJ, en 0 31'1 a M eCTH nnecm a - To6oJIbCKOe, VI pj{yTCKO~ 11 I(oJj sraaacxoe. YIPKYTGKOe uauecrinrsecreo 06'beAlmHJJO I1p KYT<;.I{Y 10 , He.prIflHCI<YIO, 5lKY1'~KYIO l:l OXOTCKYTO 05JIaCT.H. B 1796 roiry C116H.Ph 6h!JIa pasnenerra U3 nne ry6el'HUl.l1-To6oJl.hCJ<YlO H ylpKYl'cKYJO, a K,am,Qa51 06JH1CTb B COCT~me ry6epmill .Il.CJJIIJIClCb na .Il:nC.TPUKTbl (yesna).

B 1780 rony BepXEeYAI!HCK penrenueu napcxoro npaanremcrna ObJ.JI npeocpasoaan B ye3mIh1H- ropon l1PKYTCKoit ry6epmm C MarucTparCKT!.M yrrpa BJleHHeM, KOTOpOMy nOJI'lIfHH.IfHCb (1Jl.blUlCT{8H, Ka- 6aHcK1HI, CeJIeIITlIHCK8H, Kaxrtrncxan 3eMCIUle 1T36:w. Bepxaeymor('l\O.My 3eMcKOr...ry cyny, 5I.BJlIDOrn;eM)'C5I ye3Anl,r'M a)J,MUlIllcTpaTIlBHo-

-21-

-

no.rn-ruenCI<,lJ}l" o))t'~nlOM Poet 1][[ roro I[CpIIOJl!l, 1111 [111[[1 illlt'l, II ceJ]ei-l. runcsne 6Y.PHThl.

l(alWuo )I,e 5wlo !T1J.J\Hurnc'f]1HTlIBI-IOl:' j'lljHOI.lWllIll po.iu III II ce. aeurnact nx 6YPflT?

JIo rrpllCO~lllIHCJHI~ K Poccrm aJl,MIIIHICTpalllBlHl' Yl1pn[MelHle

6YfHlTCKT1\1 HJC(,,)leHl1eM ocyarecrann.rocs no p0,Ao·n.'It'M 'HllhiM rp::llllIumlM. ~1 3a6altIHIJjlJ('K1LX 6YPllT TlepBtI'rnoi'l :'l,LtMIllI.ill'lP'-lfliBIIOi'l ennrrnues HB.lIHJlCSl YJIYC rrnu )0:0'['011, COC1'Ofllil,FlP! 11 II Cl'O.'lbKIlX ceMeti. Bo rJ1.me ei o CTO!lJT aflCYJI. I'pynrra XO'fOl:lOB COCnIBJm.ll~ XO.ll- 60H BO rnaae C ilIY.'lCIITOl1. a rpyuua xcntionos cocr aunsera pea, yn. p~IB.TUllOllJ,IlU 33i'1(;alIOM, <J y ·T<16IlHrYTOs-·raMluei:i. Pousr 06'l,e;IJ,IWS1- J1Heb a TlJ1eM(>fHI. rron-umnnurueca l<Hmuy. B XVI I sexe B 6Y]lIlTCKOM otinrecrae pa3,IIWlaJlnCb cnenyioume rpynrlhi naCCJJeHll51: 1) «1\H513- Uhf», 2) «J1yTllIH? .iTlO)J,H» (C<1J.lrbl-«3HaTlIhle»), 3) «y.~ycHbre JnOll"» HJllI «MY}RlIKlj 5lCa'-lHl)le» TI 4) «xo.~OITEr» (6apJ1<:1R~p'16bl). MaTe· PIJ<i.lJbHbre ooraTcTBa (3eIl1J1H. cran a, nyIfnHI~LClJ 11 8)l;MHnncrpanIS.

Ran BJI a t'rb H1J X'O)lI1J111Cb Y KIT ij3UOa J[ cakrOB, Kr(ITOP ue nepe.aaaa-

J1I1Cb 11M [10 F1aC.!1e)J.CTsy.2

C rrJUICOeD,ll FleHHC'M rep r uropuu By pnrun l{ PO(,CllIl C1.llMlIlIIlCTP (1- THI:lHOe yrtpau.renue Rypwi nOIM nace.rermeu rrocreneuuo llepeXOD,IIJlO K poccnxcxua BJ1tltTIlM. l Iepnsuru 3KT3Mll, OJlpe,n.e.Il51BlUIIM1; B3aHMooTHOLDeFlIlH 6vp srrcxoro n areJlellFfll C P occmicnuxn HJ! a cnrJl:ll1 , 'iHmJHICb U1epTl1 (n!}HI:.ffi'lI) KI:I>l3UOB XVII aexa 0 rronnancme. 1(ml'SIlI.>I nprrcarann aa ce6)1, pOJ1.C'TBelIflIlKOB 11 y IYC1:tblX mO)l.efi «6blT.b B sex- 110M XOJTOnC'rBe», nJI<1TIlTb srcax 11 no MJlI!KII, X01.l.IlTb BMeCTe c «rocy,1l,3peBblMII JTlOllbMf!)} DOllnofl na «HeTIOCJIYWl:IlIROW», «CMIIIHlTb» ax H GpaTh fICaK B Ua[JC"l{YIO 1~[l3HY. 1=] 0 ifoJi.T:>1 nOlllJnnSTJlT!Cb 130eBOJI:ilM, rrpuK33l1llKaM, no coxpauanir l::!lMOCTOHTe;nbHQcTh B 06J13CTI1 yrrp a B_llelifHI ynycrru M.J.1 .'rrOLIb MJI.

C.1H:'llyrom:~IMll al\1'<lMU lTBlIMl'ch AOr0!30rl>l ¢cnopa I'nnoanua 1689 rona e 1I!011rO.)lf,CKIr~1Il Tai"llll(JMlJ H Ta6al-ll"YTcKlfMII caffTa~ll, IIQKOTQPhl~ rparnlP-JCC1<f1 110}l.TBep>I<.na.11l('h B OCHOBlIOM ·no.'Tml,eH1Hl ripellhlJtymllx rneproa J\Tl5L311,oB.

lJoCJ1e 3 a f\.'lTO-4eHJHr 5yp nncxoro rioruaopa 1727 rona PYKOBOllHLiV1M ,'lQl<}'.MeIITOM no ynpaanernno CT<l)13 «HI:ICl'pyKUIl51 norp ammlTblM ,lL030pmJlK.ln.f}}, l1J:rCTPY['UJ,HH n pe.'TycM arpnaaa a. -rto M3J1 b1:e ,lIe' Jl a (cnopu 0 IHlJTbl Me,' BOPOBCTBO, ,ul)uKa II r.n.) TTo,u.ne}l{aJHT cy JJ.Y 6y p51TeIHI.'!: HIl 11,1;1 hHll1WB. a 60.D ce cepr.eansre ,lIeJ1 a (nOJ11U I1qeCF\lfe, y6U"iiCTTH1 H T.Jl.) Ilt"PC)J,8S8.'lJlt:b ry:J.y yeazmsrx 3eMC"KUX KOMllccapoB (3JTeM-3E!MCKIIX ncnpanruu.o«}. HeaT{ cooupaacs ITarypoi'i fI.r1J'1 il,enbra)lw xepea 6YPflTC]OlX 11 11 qaJlbIllIFWO. 11l:1CTPYInum nper\ycM a rp [tBa-JHI, 1]1'0 Ki,t}K,lJ;bli1 6ypllT _UOJD)(f'll 6bUI 'lllCJIlIThCR B 1(nJ{OM-HH6Y,1l,b pono non Be,IIemH:i\1 caOHX HU'-l2.nbIlFUWB n nO)LllfTHHTbCf[ riM, rrcpexcn B

-22-

.1I_pyme flOl",.1 aarrpeina JTC51 Ll nepe6e/K<J rue II al;!I/lbHO' 1I03Bjla ma.rcn B po .. , !{ i\oTOPOMY npITRIlC'1f1. ~h,1 111JCTPY1\J.J.IHI AciiClBOB8J1a He roasIW cpenu e.nerrrrmcrmx,- 1]0 H lIJ1yrIlx 6YP51T.

C -40-x roaos )\\! I 11 .sexa B CiYPff'PCIUiX nen.OMCTB ax Y'I pe)lG.l,ffiJlllUb «[{OJlTOpbl» B cocrane rJlaBIlOI'Q ramun 11 6 .'l.eUYTa,[,OB. Ilpn KOHTOII:_> )"t"'I'PtlllB:J,1I1Cb <lJJ6aIlH1>le cyrvian sr (CJ1y)\{e.6f1bTe co6pmnfll) )l;.1H paLK.'18}l,KH nonareii H neuiemrs AjJyTlIX B~DIUTblX B 011 1)0<':0 B. B HIlX Y'l<ICTBOaaJLf! 13C'e Tai1ulH, .'J,errYT:Hbf n pOnOEbTe H8LjaJlbHUKlI baficaIlbl, my.nenrn, 3<lCYllhT).3

J3 1808 rOIlY Ce.nearnucsan nuopcnueckaa yrrpaaa, rrO}l,YHll51lJW'l.l'IC51 no 310ro BepXHeYMU1CKOMY 3er.rCK,OMY CYAY, nepeuina B nonunaemre BO BIlOBb 06pa30B8HTIOMY B TOM we rcny CeJIeHT'tITICK01Ify' ospyry. Hnopoaxecnaa ynp ana [] peo6pa30Ba.lT3Cb B CeJ1ellrHJlcKYIO IIIIOrO.LI.'ICC)"YIO xeirropy 130 p,1<I.Be c rn<LBlIhTM rafuuetl. B YCTbe TeMI1IIKa. rrpu ananenmr B Cenenry 6bT.~O nOCTpoeRO 3)l;3l-:1He anoponnec- 1\0.1 KOWfOPbl.4

Bo BTopoi:l J]O.1JOBlrne XVIII aexa Il pe,1lTTpLITIlIMa,r:rITCb nepaue rnarrr 110 UnChMeFll-IOU KO,ll.l1qnuHlI.]JW llOpM OOblGlIOro np ana 6ypwl', B TOM 'lllCJle II ce.nCHrJf!ICKIU:.

1< nep B.bIM n aMIlTHTf}{,aM 6ypRTclwro OObJ1IHOI'O rrpana OTHOCKTC}] «CI{3CKa» 6aJIaraHCKflX 6YJJ5I.T 1993 rona, c60pnllK aaROBOB 1763 roilil, cocT8B.neHHbn"1 TBuur3MI'I. cal'traMl'I 11 Jly'iillllMll JI[OJl,hMIT 11 xop11HCKH x POllOJ3. «nllC<lffoe npa 130 6ypm ,-nT1.111e'r l1CCJle/IOB3'fe:J1b 9TOro sorrp ca B. n. ilu6mmB,-Bo311IIKwee na nonae 06bllTHOrO npana, coxpann.ro MHOrlJe ctlMo6liITHbIe ropunuvecxne nopMbl B nx nepao- 3)l.<11:UIOil <lpxqlf11eCT{OII q)OpMe ... ecrennue 32KOlrBP HBJlJiJlRLb TE\MII np aaouuau tl,ol{YMeHT3Mff, H:3 OCTIOBe KOTOPblX llo-Tllle}KHeMY petnaJ11ICb aen a llHYTpeElHefl )f{TT3HH 6ypHTCKOfO otiuteema. B CBllSTI C TeM, 'ITO fiypWf" 'rUle H0l10Hbl_ nOI{QPIl{) npOBO:lJ,IlJIlI {PlICl{,ClJlbllYIO H aJl,MIHllll'TP <IT II BHO-I(O.rIOKJT3 aropcxyio nnnnrrrxy u ap H3 M a, nocnenunu npenofTaB.n}l,~ rrofIOH'H1 6oJTee: .1-1.1111 MeHee orpanuneunoe npaso ynpaane. IIIHI II efllOllpOH3BOll.C;fBa u a OCIlOBe «06btq}Joro np ana» 6ypwl', orpaH~Jq 1,I13aflCb co eBoeM croponsr oonUIM IT 3aKOI-IOlJOllQ}l{eHllflMH».5

f" qnC,'IY ~faJJ60,f1.ee asuraromnxcx 1!8M91T1H1KOB nucanorn rrp aaa OT- 1I0CRTCH eDopmnur «crenuux aa [(OHOB» enenrnncxax 6yp511' 1775, 1823-. ]841 rOl101I, «Kuxra aa nncn cYJl.e611.f,TX 3aKOijOB. a up a60T <JIUt blX ~ lfflt,na noeaenaero oceimero Mecflu,8 1775 rona Ha coope caRTOE 1,l'IiJ.uu:aTJ1 .!J:Byx OTorOB (pOAOB) scero Ce,'1eI-Ir!U{CKOro Be)l.OMCTBa» LOrTOllT In 140 era-res 6ej nonp aanenenns na raaau, B Hen npetI.YCMOTPCHbl npaaoasre rrocaencrsua, FlaKa3~Hj{R aa paamuraue npeC'rYTIJJNrH}! II npOCTYITIW no CilMblM, pa3.llrj'[ahlM aonpocau: ccxopdneII1TH C.lI J:H1MlI H .n.ei1cTBHHMlI, soanarpaacnerure ;HIM aa MO.1JI'ITBbl H .1eLjPII Ire 60lIe3HlI. ceMe-FIHo.6jl alllihlC OTHOlljeHH~ I soaneucaunu up Ii

-23-

aecvacruux CJlYlfaJ\X, IlMymeC1'n 1'lIlhle CJ21l01Ulllll", [lUll JlOCbl, CBH3aunsre co CWp:rOBO,nCTBOM, 3eM.!Ic.n.eTI!Jl'M, (jWTOlJhl~ aOllpO(,bl Il .1l.pyrHe, AnB.!J.I'1.3 3TOro t(oxymeuTa noxaauuacr, 111'0 on II QIH'lIh neOOJlhlliOli creneu 11 6h1 Jl nonseprrryr 1l.'TTUI1:1UIO PYCC 1<01"0 n l{fJHO),L(l'r Jl bCTBa H cy.rr.e6Hol1 IIRaK'TITKH.

Bo.nsin oi,r uurepec lie 1'0.1 b 1\0 C TO llKIJ 3 P e BHIl HCl'O P 1111 II P a aa, uo 11 xa P axrepncrn K"H COU 11 am HO -no ,'111TI [qe~Koj.i IKH31 I It cea e rtr UH cxn x 6YPflT 13 XVlIl-1:t3Lla.lle XIX nesa rrpe.QCT8,B.IU:leT «Ce.'leHrUIIClI:Oe yJIO}l{e.H1Je 1823 I·O,D;a". Bo BBOA1WJ"r lJ aeTTI rnaoparcn, "ITO C.O apeMeHJI BWX01!a CBOIIX Upe.nIWB Jl3 MOHrOJUlll II nepexona B POCCl!iiCKOe !lOA-zia IICTBO ceaenruncxne 6yp wrLl «ne IIMeJJlI OT pOCc:uiiCKoro na ·r<lJlbC'IB8 oc050 yCTaHOBJleH~bIX aaJ,OFron0J10)! e.HIiII no paC{,Jle;nOBaH1110 P1i3HhlX .ll.eJI~ U03HHl{alOlIUlX B napcne», lITO C.TJY'l310uutecfl xoe-aasne AC_rI~l caiTrb! caan peuracra. Il pn STOM nO,!ll;[epK!lB<I.J'IOCb, tITO .«UO}l,oG!loro poaa neaa TIOYTll He ncrpeuanucs, IlOCROJIbKY TOT, xro, nuurenWH.H H3 MOIITOJ1nrr na pOA. cpaeunreasno C norpeeaocrnun B CKOTeceuoxocax YC<I,lle6HhlX H _nacT6HIIlJfbTJr 3eMJT51X t1e.ll.OC'l'<I'I'Ka He OlIl;Ynran, a rrxen HX B H30!JfIJfllH». Orsteuanoe», 'ITO Ce.ROKOWeHlle 01)1.1[0 penxoe a xaeeorraurecraox ne 3aHIlMaJHICb, o XOTIlJHICb , rne X o rcnu, napon JImJl s J.tOcTBTI~e, ne GblJlO ccop, T5I}Kt) , BOPOBCTlHl eKOTa, )L\lIlUI MHOn-le rOJ.tbl crrOK.OiiHO If ltpy'KHO.

OD.Haf\O, rOBOpl.JJIOCh .lIi-IJ1ee, C rex rrcp rrpourao ~lI:!oro BpeMel-IH, ssrpocno uapoaonacenenue, yuennnnrocs xo.norecmo eKOTa, 13 1764 -1765 1'O.11.a ns 14 ,('.e,nenrlJl{CKI1X OTORon GblJlO COCTa1}JIeHO 4 nOJLK<t norpaaausoro 6YPHTC1{OrO xaaaxsero nOJ11HI. «f10 nen3BeCTlLhlM 06- C'l'OflTeJlbCcTBaM rrpen{J-ulfi cucsotirraa )f{Hsr-j:1:i ctana • paapyiua'rsca H BMeCTe C TCM a03HIIK.rJ3 C[{pbll'aH HeHaBliCTI .nlOAen npyr K npyry:

II051BIJ.TIIlCb ccopia, np fUKJJ;;], nnK6bl, 130POBC"T130 ~!(QTa 11 uanocnenox:

Y}I{e lie OCnlB3JIOCb HHI(aNHX cpencrn K IT pesp ameamo ncero nora, K BoctT2HOBJlemUO npexmero :xopomero M.HpHoro Bpe.MeflfP,'6

Hcxons H3 .9TOrO rJI3Bhl 'TOr)J,amIlIlX po,noB-TaitWJI, uty.nerrru,

salicaHhI" RllllaJIbIHIKIl 4 IJOJIKDB C HX COTHITK2MH, Banzmno-xa MOO H rrpo-nre J],OnaG'lOCT HbI€ JUUla cocraanna n a DeHOBe nHCTpYKIl.HH CaBBbI ParpHHCKoro O.T 15 ilIOlUI 1728 rona T.H. «CreUHoe YJlOmeHlie»,

«GeJIel1J'I1HCKOe )"TIQ)l{emle 1823 rona» COCTQ}JJlO na Jl.eB~lI xacrea, oO'be.ruHl"BWf1X 180 crarefi: 0 BOpDEcTse cxora II nposex. 0 ccopax, zrpaxax Iof pyr-arenscraax, 0 ;lJeqeHIfll rr J\RlirO<IT9HIHI, O,UO.TJronax HCIUIX 0 llaCJlen.osamnr HM)'rn;eC1BoM, 0 paauux )l,eJl8X, 0 topO.Qboe :XJIe6~hlX H ceH01WClIblX n0CKOTllJl, a aafiope OTOI<DBblX caitTall II nposex,

B 184-1 rony CeJ1CHrlIHC]{p:e 11 xoprrncicue r-naumae 11 IIO'leTHLIe

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PJlrtJm n 1l;JU:11Iax, IIOJIO}Kerrne .'JaM PtL'l!lLIX C'feneHcH, )l.OillKIIDCTUbtC an axu OT.'1H"Ilj}l~1 Olle)l{Jl8 H34<lJlhCTBY10IUIH J.[ n01.1eTlIblX JIlo}{cii, BOTI· POCbT, t'El51.3UHHbte to CBa.ll.b6aM~1 Ii rtnpurecraa.e n.

C uasana XIX Be[{3 uapcsas 8 JllVl HHHCTP aU.1Hl npono.oxana norumney na.u.ncinucro yrcpcnncuua LBt)nX Il031lIl.lfil 13 CIIOUjUl. B 1803 rony Dbl':IO y 'J pe)I<.ueIlO C ll6 upcxoe rcaep ~1 "'1- ry6epII <I] OPCTBO C uerrrpaM 13 ropone 11rK5'TCl{(~,

l Iep B bl M OO()OmB IOllULvl rocyna PCTI:IC'H lib! M }].DKYMrITTOM ua pcxoro np annre.nsc'rna, perJHlMNn"I'lPYIQll.WM Bee CTOpOHbl :tfUI3HH H~pOll,aJ,l Cnrlu P II, B TOM 4UCJ] C II By pHTlIlI, H1H!JlCIl rrpHR111'bTlJ H 182,2 ;oAY «YcTall 06 yn pnunenna naoponnes». no HeMY nee «lIHOPOAUhI» CI'I- 6HpH 6hlJ:IH paaaenenu H3 'Lpn J133p51,D:a-OCeJT,JIW:\ xo-ryrormre II 5po)J,5p·flle. 1<, 6yp51TaM, B lJU(:THOCTII, CeJleHTI"HC'KHM, caaoe uenocpencrnemroe OTHOWC1:lJle 11 M'eJlH nOJlO:ll{enHfI YCT<J sa, f\iacalOlI~~1 eOL .KO'leD srx aaponos.

B oDJlacTH 3.rr;MHInICTpaTI1BHOii YCT3H3 BJII1T;HlllOC:b TpexCTYmm48- Toe ynp a 13JleHHC KO'IeBb1.M H Hap0.llaMI1: 1) .po.ll.OBOe ynpaaneune+H naiu as, JVIJI OTJH~JIbfllilX yJIyCOB H. cToiHllnLl, poua, 2) nsoponuas ynIlaBil.-Cpe)J,IlHH .rr;JUI HeCI{QJlbKElX CTOI~611IIl, H yJIycOB; 3) crenuaa ny. MB-BhICW;HI, AnH ncero OJleMelUI. Crennas AYMa rrn,!J,lHlIHIJl3Cb ~_BO BceM» OI<PY)J(l1bIM ~lIp1lAJIeHJUIM, r.e. uapcxoa .1Ll,MaUllCTpamlfJ. HeCMotPH U3 Ka}I~YOZY10Cfl llllllllMOCTb c<JMoynpaBJlelTm! If1IOllOJT;UCB, n YCT:.JB II{eCl'I\O _per;rraMt'HTHpOB<l.JIIlCh ;n.e~lrTBIHi IL'{ a.ll.M]l.HJf(lTpau,1l It ,

B OOMICHI X03ni'icT'seHHoi1 OUiOBH&le €I6fl3aJ:LFlOCTIi «J1llo_po.ll.'lec-

lillX» alG,1 JI nrrcrpannrt aa KJUOqil.JlIiCb B (}6Ccll~'lel-Llil{ c60p a HC<lIHi,

p acxnanke lIa.TTOlOB I'l rroaarea. narypam.uux TIOBlITllIOtTCII 11 IHHMaHHIl He,nOfjMOK, 11M T3KlKe B1.1eI:HIJlO('h u 06lI3alli10CTI'1 p33BIlT.He X03Hfi eTA a - ptlcllpOCTpal:l:el1l1e xJle60lJtl weCTB a, POCT rrOr{}J10BMt elmra, p:.J3Bltnte TOprOBJIH, yxer 'IUCJleHHOcnl uacenenxs.

YC'f:JB naaaran onpeneneaaae OOJl3almOCTfl na pOJ.tOBbIe ynpanneHIHI no Era,n30py eaa cnoxoncraue« .. , I1BepeH.HblX eMY Jllo.ueFi», 3nt opr ausr O'Q5Jil,aahl GllJ.!lH ocyiuecrans:n, Jj cy,ue6l:lliLe I}JYHKI~UHl 110 pasoopy rpaxrn artcknx p;eJr ua DCBOBe EWPM 06hl'lROrO upana. nOJlli111- "IeCKl1e TI [{pIlMHHaJIbllbJe tl;eJla [J01IJle}K3JHI aenenrno uapCIU1X 'mHOSHnl{OD, Yt"raB COXp~rH1.:r nonernue auaaan cpenu KO'leBJUIKOB, WJnYC.I<aJl TIp 1iHlUITT ua CJlen;DBllliHJ{ 'H36np,aeMblX 8/l:M Jrl-I HCTpaTRB1thlX .rr;OJl )!{HOCTetl.7

B (,OOTfleTC'TBI1H C YCTBBOM 1822 rona ace ceneurnncxue 6YPflTH o(5'I:i.e,ll,IlHJrJIHCb a 'npeneaax Ceneumacxca C'fenHOH AYMbI. Qua coc'l'051,n:J J13 18 nnoponaux _p.nll.QlBhlX ynpan n 1822 I'OAY, a K xornry

XIX sexa CTaJlO 22 P0.ll.OBbIX YIJpaB-J1eHH5I: i-fl ATaraHoBcKIiM, 2-.11

ATaraHOBC1<Htl. 1-M: CapTO.!JOBCKHH, 2-M CapTOJlOBCK,HJ1, l-~I Ta6il-1IrYTcKwfl, 2-fl Ta6aHrYTCK1I11, 3'M Ta6aHrYTcK11tl, l-ll LJepHopYTCKl1H,

-26-

2-li tlepUOPYTCl<llH, l-u CeJJeHrIlITCKO-XapanYTclroA, 2-11 CeJleHrUti~KOXapaHYTCJmW, Baoa I'r-Xyp a MllilifUClmlt , Oll.h30HOBCrmiL X anLrJlIlCKHrl, ITO)U'OPOl{Hbll'I, Yse1-1030101H, BYMB.TT-[OTOJlbQIUui, ilOHrOJlOBCKllIii, Aille6ara1TCKl1ll, qIfKol"iclw-XatlanyrCRlIII, HPOHCIm-XapanyrCKItii, AJwryeBCl<miL8

Co apexemr C03l{aHIIH CeJTeHrHtlCKOH CTeJlHOil: .nYMbI rnaansnru TBj1ruBMfI Jl:YMbl DbJ.!111 c.'].e.nylOlII,uc JIH1:(a. C 1823 rO,IJ.a no 1836 rojt f'Jl3BllblM raiiruofi AYMbl 61.J.I'I csrn r.llanbl 1IIlOpO.Zl.l:feCIWn xcnropu Typryeaa JIoM50UbIpeHa- JT oM6olJ,brpeHo13 [0 MJl9J19K (,Ua M6EJ-)l(3JIcan) . On TTMe.!1 uarpazrsr: rueunyto cepetipmrym Me)l.<IJTb H ereopH.HbTii KopnlK, OF! iKe ·a.BTOp JJCTOnHcef'i cenenrrrncsux 6ypwr. On !l3 685tll"l· xypaaumucxoro pona..

CJlen,yfOUI,TIM rJIaBHbIM Tttinuoif 6blJ"I Cbf1l Ubl13Wero TTOMOlIl,llH;.;n

rJ! a anoro 1"£1 ii UlII Ce.neHl'ITTlt'ROfl J I 1I0p0JJ,lJeCKO Ii 1\01i.1'Oj)llf myJH'HHI po/1.1'1 a'raranos PltlJlq-UHOBil BaMTTIIJIB-Bill>'ffiUJlOR I1IlIlJFIK. rrpil.BJlBwHi'I C 1837 roaa n 0 l853 ron, Oa J[Me.n nuu 12 iT: crerrerr rr, 6 bTJl Harp a }}(aen )J;ByMH WCinlhThIll Me)HIJHIMII 11 ROpl'Il1WM.

C l853 rO,Q8 no 1860 TO)]' r,nBBIibIM Tallw011 c,nYil,HJI crapocra pona OJ)b30HOB Bysnryes II<aMCia:f-'uopiliIT. 3a 1II:IM-[0J10B<1 pO,lUJ r01'o.11-0YMa.1108, npnuauumf npnuocnunne l\1HfleeB AMH1·PJ.flr (1860- 1875 rO,lIbI)! 3acnyJl(FfBW1I~{ 'lHff 14-n creueuu JI ABe Illeihrwe' MeJ(BJIM. C 1875 no 1882 TO)]; rJlaallLIM TaihllOn Obi 1 aacenarea» p 0)]; a auieriar-aron Aai;lCOPYROB 3P.ll.31Hl, 3UC,TLY}KIlBllillfi uarpynuyro Me;naJJb.

CJTeJIyr{)n~HMH rmlBHblMII rai-irutlMfI 6hlJI11 Ii 1882-JS85 ronax

crapocra poaa rO'f0J1-6YMtlnOR MnX3 HJJOB ].La p Ma. 1885-1895 ronax -10 MOB Ca H:HlJ.i:I K, H arpa }i{)l,GHT" Wl1 onnou 3Q.I}OTOH nrc 1Irroi1, J~By M S1 lUeH.I[b1MIf cepe6pRHbiMII II Jl.BY-Mfl II arpyj(ITbTM11 M A<JJlRMlJ, Ilocxen- 1111.J\1 r Jl a BRb[ M Tai't nro rr C ~J1 en ruu C KO il CTe1T]1 U ii ):(yl'<t11 ( 1895- 1907 ron bI) CJJyilUlJJ 3 a ·e.D.a1'e~lb 1- ro A HI r alIOBC'l\OfQ l)O,IJ.a )Ka M 6:lJI.Qop.i-KHeB B anna H.9 B 1907 ro)l,Y crena we l.lY_.\1bj Ol>Lr1ff ynp aannen bl , BMCcro ITHX .aeeneuo BOJlOCTllOe npauneune.

B xorrue X1X-Ea4aJJe XX neaa B YCJJOBJI1L\ ycaaenuo paauuaaaurerocn h.anU1"aJlU3M8 uapcace npautrrenscrao npcnezro Il.QMllJfHCTpa. THBHyfO ,El 3eMeJTbl-LYIO peq)OpMY.l.:pCJl.lI 3iHJaiiIWJfbC1U1X 6YP51T.

B COQTlleTCTBIUI c npl11l5lTblM uapcxua np<lSHTt'JIhCTBOM 23 anpeJlfl J 90 I rOJJ.a BpeMeFlHhlM noaosceanea «06 YC'l'pOHCTBe OOw.ccTBeHnoro ynpuuaeuua u cyna KOfJ.eBbIX !HIOPOAl.J.ilB 3aGaHKa.'lbCKOII o6JIa. era> OTMe.HflJTlICb !3Be.lteHHbIC yCT~LBOM 1822 rona 8J(MUITnCTpaTHBRbTe

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-26-

rpn soaoc-a+Ceaen rEIT{c.R8 11, tJ lI){oi!C'lW fI 11 Opom-oiicxan. K Ce.)1eflrrrncxori BQ,/H')('TH Obl,rW OTlJE'Cell;1 rcpprrropas K aa rtanv or perm TeMBHr<-yJJYCM 11HHCI{,;J, Haurn, Hno, Boproiil, }lfljeTyti, f.9r3Tyi1 n Toprl1 (ueirrp nOJIOCTII C.neHlfYM(I). I 1..111I(oikKOi:i BO,TIOCTll OTlIOCfJ.IrWCb YJlyChT Tlpar>o6el'e'l\hll. Ce,nCHT'II-By.lJT<iMYP, S"fwmli"l Jryr. OcoTyif. 50JIbHlo~t Jlyr. XIIHT3,rrryi'J. All::J10P3T.9. Kyn,ap3, TaMf~p. APil-,lJ,YHryi'!, Illaaaralr, nYI1U1Hl, 1TIolpr~IMKIII!, AC,1-M3H1K3 (neurp nOJIOcTtr ropon KffXTG). B cO(;n1H UIH)HrO rh" I(Oii ROJlOCTII IlXOl\.II.JHf y.nyCbI neBOOepE'}KWl TeMI1IH<::) II Ce.'ICIII'n: ,'IIMW~ (TCMIIIII{). TllM'W. Errxop, Allai'!, 3arYCTai1. Byprac'rali. TOCIl, Cyroh, Toxoa, JRapnlJlI:IHT8. Xapraaa, BepXHIIB 11 HlDl<lmii OPOIII'01\ rll.lJbOllpa, HH r .8I1(III1. HnoJJl'<J (uea'tp - )l(.apraJJarrra).

Bo rJI8Be aonocraoro VUp:IBJJeFIIIR nUfl,ll C-raPIWlIJil C Jl.ByMlI noMOU(HliK8MH, HMeJlCfl cy-n. n cocraue npeI1CE'LLale.THI II rpex cylteu. Be OypHTcKHe BOJJO.c.TH rrOl[l!l!IH1JIIJCb CO'll<IHllbIM no aascny OT 8 moun 1898 rOLLa T.I:l. KpecrbflnClU1M 1I(l4<l,'Thlllm;IM, npl13BOljlLblM ocyiue 1'BJlRTb aaLL30p ail 1;\0,110C1'II"IM II ce,nhl'I{IIM YllpaSJ1E'fllfeM, B oruonrerunl xopeaaoro aacc.ncnua ](PC("TbfllICI.;!Ie IHl'la,rlbHIIiOf nepelll{M<lJlIl uce B)l,MllHHCT'[HlT IrBHO- nOJlJIIl<:,rll' Iwe, ('y I~e6l-1 ue n [1<10,1, r auee npunB.Zl.JIe)lH1BLUlIe 3E'M KnM yqpen'JleIlIISlM. I yesnux yupexcnaauc» yeanHble C"he3LLbl KpecThflll.C KII x IHllIa,<1 1>11 J!l\ol3,1 0

B lH'.TOplrH en uruncxttx 6ypwl' 0('000(:' MeCTO 3:1I·illfYt:1I0T aonpo-

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-21-

ElUf! OT SlC8Ka) H }cO!laT8MCTBOBa.'la 0 qlOpMTIpOBamUI IT3 6YPHT 4 Jl0JIKOB. Oxonxarem.aoe peurerrae 06 9TOM 6~JJO npuasrro 30 UlOlUI 1764 rona.

no rrprmnnny IlOOpOBO.'lhT-lOCTIl Uhl.l'ln ·cQJOpMnpOBllm:..t 4 6ypwrcrmx xaaaxsux rrO.'TIHl. B i{l])l,nOM 113 K01'OpWX OillJIO 6 COTCH ITO 100 -reJlOBer,. Bo ra ase fI:>: C1'05l.n f.lJnBHb!H BOrlCKOROK craprmrua, 130 TJTaBe nOJIKa-H:~npaHHblj;\ ecayn, 80 rJ1(lDe COTH1'r TO)Ke 1136paHHblii COTJJHT\. TIepBblM rmHlTIbTM DOlrCf<QBblM CTnpllIllTJOII Dbl.Tr6a}VI.ll)'ea o,hlpeH (c 1764 ITO 1802 ron). CI799 rO.C1a c+a.nn Hfl3rraIJ8TbCfJ erne l('IUl flTaMflHfl, FI ITO)J;lfILl1eHHll 1{;J}T(iJ.orq 11:;1 1<,01'O['lbl:l1 fFaXDJ1Tl.nFlCb no UBa rro,n[(<I. C sroro B[1eMeHIl rpeJl.J1 6YPffTCI(Qro K83alfeC"TAa VrTanOTlHJTOCb csoe [rJflTOBlJlI'{C'CTBO, r01'CHIIble .. nO.TIJ(OBbTe II WraM2Hhl" 1l0,'1Y'TH,nfl 'HI-

HhT C IX no XlV R.nacc. - I

C 30-'1 rOMB XIX B~)J«I nTopnL!1IO (uepBbI1-r p03 D 1770 r-onax)

TlCT"aJJ aorrpor 0 .IHfTUnr,1l<JI\I1H kaaa QeCYB8 qiell,H OYPfIT. Ee.llI! B rrepBhllf pan ero nOlIlI1!M a.rn IJ pencra BH1'EfJIl! I1a P CK01i' an TlfTI H 1'1 CT Il aJ..(BR c. u,e.7blO ElI<OHOM 11M cpeacrs (COOp fica xa, ivroJT, rracr 60JJDlJleSbTrOll,bl, 'leM OCfJOOO)Kllerrne OT' Hero 6ypfIT-Ka3aKOB). 1'0 no BTO[lQiI pa: l-ffll'fltual'IIfl2 aOOll,]["HI OT _ e.a MHX 6ypwl' . .oll.I:lIlKO TIO n pel1 .. cT8B.TTemIl0 !fOaoro .reHep<IJ1-ry6epH2Topa BOCTOIJI]oli' CI-!(jHPH MypaBheB:::J naps HII. 1\0,1310 r 21 ].1 lOB fI 1851 rona yTBC pnu.n nOJ10l1((!RlIC 0 I{,OHH.lJIX xaaaK<I X. B 4 Gyp arc I\J1 XKa3 a ll[dO: noasax iJ.o.'IlKHO (j bl.no IJIlCJIlITb(,fl 1726 [leJlOBel{. EYfHlTbi 6blJIII 38K[)en,QeHbI B IC1S2TIbeM COC.riOBHII II. }lOJrtl~rru Obl!In HCCTII ('J1Y}K6y nananne C PYCCKIIMIi xasaxawn. roxp ausn rtpe}KHee auyrpenuee !' rpoficmo If nOp5111.0l{ 1I:16pmlJlJ1 COT(,rIllbLX.

no nO:IO}l(erHilO 1872 rena 3 a 6 ;111 KCl J1bC'rwe xa 3.1 '!be aoilc KO 6b].~O paane.neuo IJ;,! TNI OTlI,e.1\8. 'fl l1epBb!1"' O'l'l(f'JT flOIII.HI 1f,~33lLhII eranauu 3(11HI:n.liOr~o 3a62liK<lJlbll,13 TOM nncne 6ypmowe. 16 (lH~8pa.IUI 1895 rona 11.3 l) PRTC:KlI~ cnrenusrx OhlJJkI yreer )K.'J,f'Hbl mecn, CTa111ILL: I'nrCTYI1{' lUI fl. Boproucxaa. Ce.trC'HT'IIIlCK;Hl. Xapt.acxan. Ap<:llWpe-rCT<a5J II 5JnrclllUfHCl(BH. C1'31I1t'lHoe ynp::m.IJ12HHe cOCTOHJlO H3 n:.lHII'IHoro e60· pa. CT.1HII'lrTOTO <lT8M:!lHtJ, C.T'HI111fJ[OTO npannermn II CT::JH1PlHOro' CY)la.11

ilaHIlble 0 LJflCJTennOCTJr ce.TJeHTHI:IClmX 6YPRT c n::l'l<l.'1<1 IE cpopMlJpOBaHHH l3eCbMa CKYl{Bbl. HaJ.160JI e pamrue ('Benellll51 0 QllC.lI ~HlJO~rH 6J;p£T IfMCIOTCH B MaTepll2Jlax ~1{CJTeJl.III{l1l1 ' Ilel'epoyprcKoH A !,(:JJl,e-r.HlH H ayx, H<J np as.J1eHl1bIX B B OCTOqny!O CUDl!Pb a .xVIII sexe. n ep Bb!MM, noceTHBlIIM r:.rn 13yp stmo, 6bT.IIFl sxcnenmuru M [lJlneo a f! rMemIH3 B rrepnoa nOJlOBJ""re )..'VllJ aexa. 4epe3 40 .ner, B 1772 roo ny rrpJ1.QI>I.lU1 B J.ipK)'TCRoe. H3MeC'rITI!qeCTllO [1aJIJI(]C H I'eoprn, ({Oropue COCTaBHml H F131J.2J1H o6wHpm,le MaTepllaJIbJ 110 ucrcpnn 3T' norpatpun, re,1J!IT1Hl, o6p5lp;aM 6YP5lT. OCHOBbma5lCb 1'1.<1 n anusrx llaJI-

~28-

.raca, 3-ii IleBl13JLI1, M. H. 50fJl.<lHOB YK<l3u['SnC1', 'ITO B 1106 ro,ll,y J) CeJJCflflllICKOM oxpyre 4 HC'JHIJ10Ch J\ytn MY}I,CKOro nOMI no poaaa: xapaElYl-987, LJepHOpy'T (LJ!1HoHj-249. OJl30H-193, 6a6,lfl-xY[}<lMLUU -185, 6YM a,~-roTo.~-235, a,lur~yH-172, scero 2021 J\ywa MY}KCKO' ro nOJl'J. ,Uallllh!e y f1aJ!.HlC"U no MOH.rO.qhC}OIM POJ].3M cnenyiomne:

UOH rOJl--ll484 L reopirr-9g5 .lly"l MYil<Cl<oro ITOJJ3) , !Hue6a ra')'- 832. 1'a6aHI'YT (3 pona) -865, cap ry,n 8J 3. [IT<lralf-l172. xa-rarun -3 L5, no,rlropO,I1.l:lbl~I-232. Bcero MOHrOJlOB B e.,eHfIIHCKO:\l oxp yre 5713. BMec'l~e r 5ypHT<lMIl 7734 .uywu MYi!<n{,On) [}OM!. UrI! orntca HHiI PO.'IOEl II ;JilJlilCO M rt pnrryuien hi Y301l1>!, KOTOP b1X )' I'ecprn 34 .lI.YUIII MYiHCKdl'O tro.na. B 06meM rrrore ~ Tl an.aaca 7134. a y I'eoprll-7137 .ay III M y>Kl' «oro nOMI.

no .n:aHIl\>IM 1766 rona o6man 4f1c.,n·l:IrtOCTb 6yrH1Tl'OCT<lBJUIJJ<l

,'38501 JLYllJa MYihCKoro nona, D TOM xncae B .uo6,lIIJ<a,rlbCI<OH nypHTIUI 19734, I] 3a6Mu,a"lbCK.oi1 13yp5lTIHI-18767. B TOM 'llIC .. ne XOpIIHC KID, -I 1033, l'e.rreH r n n tlHIX 6YrHl1' II MOHm.r108-7734. B "0 iKe apeMH II f1aJlJ18C 11 Teopru OTMeTIIJ1I1. 'IT'D njJlIse.uCHHble nOKH33TeJW 5lBJTIDOTC51 nerronrtsian, 'ITO OT)1,e.JTbHble POl(bT ne y-rrenu. I'eopru, n anpaxep. nenposs 6bl';] ('lHITCJTb, [[TO perucrp aumo npotuna TOJlbKO r pe n, fiypwrcKoro Ii aCeJlelHIfi, OQllI,8H LJJ;f('JJeI:iHOCTb IH)TOPOTO MOrMI DbIpa31TThCA B 115 'l'hIC:<!LJaX l(yw My)j(CT<oro no.na.l l a

B npe1l.CT8BJ]C1:IROM ITJJ<lJJ:MallOpo'M BaCIUl!leM Ha.na6opol(llJibIM B Ce.rrel·frBIIC:KYIO BoeBonCK,Y1Q K<lHUeJUlpIJIO M<1l'e[Jlta.'le HMelOT01 }lanH.bIe 0 nepenucu 1766 rOJl.8 no Ce,rrellnnlclwMY BenDM\'TB)r. TaM nl.111- no.n~l.Tc.fl CJle1l.YJOllUIe l(.<J Hl:Lble no [llIeJleH [[OCT 11 CeJleHrHl1C J, WI(' 6y)JilT no pOJIaM. no FTI1M B Ce.'1eHI'11HCKOM l(J1CTpHKTe B 1750 u 1766 ronax 'U!C,UIJlOCb fly pHT My.lL{CKOrO rro.ta: 12

l'a., 1I1111e pll a

196, r

1750 r.

111 II 1Il.IX !,uualwl> I

IIc!'rl!

1. DOH I ·o.n bCl{ Il j,j 1457 955 .529 1484
2. Amex<l6aUlWii 895 404 702 1106
3. II Ta6YHY1l.Koti l67 103 122 225
4. IIl Ta6YHY1l.Koif 360 276 249 525
5. CapTOJJOBcKoi1 841 600 395 995
6. 1 Ta5ynYQKoH 332 242 168 410
7. ATar;;1 RoacKo!"! 1325 867 652 1519
8. IIO)J;TO ponu 0 ii 392 218 247 465
9. Xa+a RHOS ( X81':1fllfIOB) 292 212 203 415
10. Xapanyuxou 549 693 133 826
II, 4epHoPYll,KOI1 (lJeHopYUKofl
-illOlIO ypyr) 221 195 127 322
-29- 17['01" I 17GO r.
i-Ia3ITaEHe POliOB
.1ltallHbl~ KlIaaKoB acer o
12. OJl30HOBCK,Ot{ 174 150 92 242
13. Ba6aeBCICOll. n Xypavtrmn- 134 159 56 215
CKOH
14. fiOMOJICKOH I'l r.FYJlCROH 209 214 54 268
15. AJIaryeBcKoH . 170 131 97 228
16. XapaHYUKol~1 no LInKolo 112 l61 161
17. faJlYll.ROil (nx, H nOD,rOpOlL.
pO.Lt) ? ? ? ?
18. Y3eHoB 5<1· 34 10 44
19. I 4epnoPYUKofi 267 307 44
20. II LJej'lnoPyuKofL 235 324 324
21. A6a3[leBCf(oii ' 260 266 266
22. C60PllblH 375 263 13 266
Hrorn 8~27 6564 3849 10413 Pasnnna B KO.nH"l&1Be CeJ1en.rHHCKHX tiypar y naJl,T18C'8 (7734

Jl.yw MY)KC!{Oro nOJIa) B Hanariopcnaaa (10413 n. M. n.) QOb~C1Ul,,12Cb TeM, QTO ilaJ1J18C He yne,n 6YPflT. aaQHCJlellHhlX B 3a6ail!{8J1bcxce K33 a -rse BOJkKO. Tl PHBD/HI 9TH na nnsre, n O)J.TBep)J<iUHl .nOCTOaepnocrs aanusrx Han 86op01l.1ma, f. H, PYMflHn:eB TIOIJ.eMY-1'Q 06- UtYlo I!HCJIeHHOCTb CeJleltNli1CKJlX GYPflT onpe.ue.'1SJeTB 1\O;lJWreCTBC 52 ThlCSJtI ne.noeex ofioero trona, HenOII.H'J'Ho, n011eMY npn J0413 J1Yurax M¥lKcKoro Ilona ot)m.BH IfIlC.lleHTIOCTb naceneuaa 6YJl,eT PBBi:lS'lTb' eft 52 TblCWlaM.

'tJepe3 40 JJeT, B 1806 roay, 1lJHI «CaHI{T~rreTep6yrrcKoro }KYPHBJla» 6hlJl COCTBBJleH «Ta6eJlh 0 uucne flCa'DIbJX», Il f<OTOPOM tHICao ncex GYPHT on peneneuo I(a K 58767 f.l.ym MY)KCT{()rO non B, rip 11<1 t' M OTMerraeTCH, 11'ro "!p.eT cel1 BeCbMB He seperr, II MomBO noaacars oe' aonmsovrro, qro 11 TO.rJl,B (T.e. B, 1766 rony) !IX ObJJ10 uecpaaaeano OOJlbWe,' reneps }Kl! _ (r.e, B 1806 rOAY) C'IHT<lIOT nx )10 60000».13 TaKIIM 'o5pa30M, no npliIReAemlhlM AaHHbrM "mc.~o 6YrHIT SA 40 ner npaxrusrecxa yaeJII.jl:IIlJlOCb 60Jlee '1eM .B no.nropa pasa.

B 'X1X aexe 0 IIHCJleruloCTI! rCJleHnIH.CKl:I}; (iypSiT ITMeJ01'CfI cJJe.D.Yiomue .Ll<lIWbJC. 110 apXIlRllhiM nCT(JlIHHKllM B 1830 rony B 18 ceneuPHIICJOIX PO)l,(.1X _'UICJII'lJIOCb 19787 j\yllJ otioero lIDJ!8.1-'I B 1831 .ro.ny 3J1,eCh WICllHThI.BaJIOCh 8508 P Blf3CKBX .lIYUJ,15 a 1833 rO)J.y-8506 peBH3CKUX .r:r.yw.16

B J 850 r~.AY no CT8'rIlC'I'fftICCKn M )laRHhlM B Ce.neJlrElHC!{,OM Be-

JJ.IIMCTBe llaCIfHTElBBJIOCb KOtlyIOm.,HX auoponnea 21302 nenoaeaa (B

-30-

'rOM IJ1iCJJe 10960 MY}K'HlH, 10342 )J{eHlIDfHbl), ocenzrux HHOpO.ll..oeB 300 (149 M)'R{ll.HH, 1~1 meHlUUI:Ia). apemeuaax I:IHOpOJl.':leB 442 (257 M}')J{'IHH, l85 )KeHmHH), .acero 22044 rreJ10Bel(8, n TOM tllle.TIe 11366 MY)KtHfH, 10678 }KeHmHB.17

13 .3THX }KE' .naHHbIX 38 1850 ron yI{a3blBaeTC~I, G1'O cexearnacxae 6YPflTbJ HMeJTll 4096 )~epCB1!HHbl,'l IOllT, 4220 BOIJJlOtlHblX lOPT,

TaT<llM oGra30M, 3<1 20 ner 'JJit;JleltnOC'Tb CeJIeFff1l11CKI1X 6ypwr YIIeJIUrHfn8Cb H<t 3257 'IC,rJUBI'!{, 'r .e. !I p II Mepno HalO C lie60JlbHmM n pou,eJUOB.

HeCMOTpH ua H03MO)lUlbte 'Qmn6LUl II uet QllJ:!OCTI!I n yuere nace.rlt'flIHI 3<1 9TH f'(Hlbl, naaaue' IJUI~:1:1;JTe.1111 DJHI[)OCT1:l uacenenas llflJIIlIOTC}! IHHLD uenocrarm H bl MIL

nycl ~ euie uouru AHa .ll.eCRl'I1JJel'IIH, B J 86!:! POllY KO.IlUl.leCTBO

'!leHrHIICKHX 6ypwr J3blI'J1J1lJ..no (,11 1J. lUllillM 06pa30M, K 'lylOmJili 6yp~'I' qllC'.~11,'10l-b 25684 (1265:3 M) A{'flIHbI, 13031 }Ke.Hm1fHa), ocea,'lbjX II Kpeulenuhlx OY[HIT I Hi2 (fi~5 M)'2K'1ILH. 577 )1<CJHlJ,lm) I trrero 27081 (13408 My}I<QUiI. 13673 lICeumllHbI), B 21 Y1Ke reneps pone r:nICJ[l.iJ[O·b 4976 ziepeannnsrx, 50707 [Joi'IJI(J,qnbIX ltJpr.18 3a STU 18 Jlcr naceaeuue expyrn YlIeJIIIQIVIOL'h 1I<J fl037 IIe.I]()BCI{, 4TIJ Ti:lIOI{e HenOCTBTO'lIlO, ,,"OTH II ([:'16,nlO.Ll3 eTCIl H!.:'UOJl suroe YIHUlll'{CHUC rtpu pccra.

Hefieaurrrepecrro, H a 118UJ nsr rmn, [HI LeMor peTl> na 11IlbH! 0 f{OJlUt,JeCTBe IJUCE:JLt'HFfll no ponaM. B 1882 ron:y .B 22 ponax Ceaerrranc«ore- BenOMC'T'B.q q flCJlIlJ10Cb ncero llaCCJ1Pf1 HH: po.t xara rnuoa 1011

(517 MYil{QlUJ, 494 }I{ flUJ.IIHbl), Ilpoiin;,o-H1PuHYTC'Knij-G50 (321.

329). l~rI IICplWpYTCKUii-121 9 (590. 620), 3-li Ta6aHI'YTcI,llJ'i-1l49

(582, 567), I-II araranoncknu->: 013 (1553, 1460) ctJlarye.scruLJ'i-

694 (341,353), OJ! oHoB-016 (459,457), 1-11 C€"IICHf'HHCliO-XapaHj'T" C/(Jlfl-'26J3 ~1276, 13G2), 2·jj TaoanryrcKlJfl-259 (13, 127), II-Ii "{lepllopY'lt::LHTjj~517 (259, 258), GaflarIXXll<IMrnllHCl<TIi'I~1051 (506), 1'::'15), J -j'[ C<lPTOJlou-1533 (760, 772), 2-JJ CapTQ,[JOB-228I (1122. 1159), I-fr Ta6aHrY1'Cluu"r-575 (297, 278). nonroponnua 883 (434, 449), Y3ellOB-229 filS, 111), GYMa.TJ-ry'ry.llbcKHo-1508 (750, 758), JJ.olll'oJlos-3341. (1684, 16»7), :1 weCiar;j1'CKBI~\-2142 (1050, 1092). 2·J~1 aTHraaoB-766 (378, 388). 2-iJ ce.aearHH<:lw-Xapatly-rcKIlI"l-701

(317, 384).18a .

Cnycrs eme npuaepuc OJ\O~'JO asyx necarunernn. R3 1 auaaps

1887 rona uacenerme ne.ll..OMCTD1l Ce.nenr-nncxofr CTeTI IlO I"! )J.yMhl coc-

- ra BJl.aJlO: xoseaux HHopon.ueB-28961 (14536 MyxC'lTfH, 14426 aceuLUIJH), oceanux LI «perueaaax truoponueu 1202 (60.1 l\olYil{'IliH, 597 }KeHlU1W). IlOT'OrvtCTBeHHblX noueruux rpaxnair H3 rraopomies ·l87, B TOM rracne MY}(P[ff(J 95, meHID.LfH 92. JHIM-93 MY.;'KLIIUlbl. CnenonaTeJlb!IO, otimee 4J"CJlO uacenenna B J887 .rony COCTaBnJI{) 30162 lIeJl0l3eK'l,19

B 1897 I' o'n y- no rQJ1;OuoMY ornery CeJlCHrnr-lCKoi"1 ·cTcnHOIl ,tI,YMbJ

Hac:e,1"eHHf-' Hat: 'll1TbIB3J10 acero 33265 nyiu, B TOM qlle.'1 C 111 Pl{ sun

16760, JKeHlll)Hl 16505 LCYlll.20

G TO 1\lI, H ,J(' K,O.JTbJW nerro,n !I&I Ii neccse ptuenrru ronoa r,le OT"lCTb!

CeJ]eIlfl1l1CKOi,\ eTelmoi'l ,!lYMbl, no xaasraaer ,rx cp a aaenue C ,!lfl H!:l bIM 11 I,OMHCCJ-lH I(YJJOM3Hlla 33 TO'r IKe ron. B CeJIE'HrllHCI<;OM oxpyre 1:111'annacro H aceaeuu fl l1MeJIoc.b: K()lleBhlX uuoponnen -4549 1 'leJIQBeK, B TOM -nrcne MY1l{11I IJ-J 22770, )[{CIT uum 2272 L Oce}1J1 [,IX HHopOIrIl.eB- 1794, 113 I-lHX MY}1{'1llr-l-893, )]\CHllJ,IH-j-90 l. B Ce"leHrTHLcl{Q'M II Tpol'IUJ\Oca BC [{oM oupyr a x Hac 'in'!'!>1 aa JlOCh Ka3 a KOB-IHlopOLl,lleB acero 21462 qeJIOBtma, H3 nux M Y)JPnll1-i 0773, )l(eHIII,IIH-I0.699. T-aRIiM oripasov, acex ceJ)enrHHCIOlX 6YPflT B 1897 r01J,y 6wJJo68747, B TOM q]lcne .34436 MY>K'llfFr,. 34321 jKeHllJ,HH <1.2 [

ECJ1ld CpaBHW!" 21TH .1l<I:fllfhIe C .LI3HIlblMH 1830 rona (I:lU3MO,KHO, n TO M rOAY B 41'ICilQ yxasa unux nym ne BOWJJI'I ·.](a3<1 Kll), Tn V aenn - uenne aa trenc.nnsrx 70 .ner C 1978.7 110687<17 nynr o6ocro no.aa coc'faBI1JIO rrO'IT.ll B rp H C nO,lOBHfI-aH pasa, Ecn« )Ke [13 na 1:1 HbJ.Ji. J 897 TOL( a j·ICK,rrl(j.1:j H'l'b fi,OJl'J-f'lec THO K a3 a ko B, H TO Y Be/ll'I'-H' uae c ocra BJ1 In'T nO'lTH B 2,4 paa a. [103TOMY YI{83 aH1-1He UII(ppbl, ocooen HO ronoaae orneria l\yMbl n pellCT313JJ mOTCH flBHD nenonuuv H, -rorzta K<1 K Mlne[1IHl JlhT KOMJdCCIi n Ky JID_M3IUI a, aec MO'fP H ua YKa3bl B·::mlIT~'rODl BTIOCrrencrn fl H I1CC.rre;AOll aren fl M H RenOJI HOTy, flllJl arorcs 6o.r]ee 6,11[13 K fl Mil I{ HCTlllfe.

r. F-I. PYM nl-lUeB n p nnonrrr C,1enYJO[[(ne .o;a IIlIblC 0 KO.JIIIC]CCTBe ceJleHrl1H ow x 6y P fiT 11 0 po 1l,<1 M r-I M eCTY )I<!ITe.J1 btTB a rr 0 n t' r enn CH j 897 c nonpaBI~aM!~ HI) \912 ron no pa60Te C. ITI1HOIllOB<1.22

I. CeJ]CI-lfmICRO-X a pa I-lYTCIUI tl-3012 4eJlOSel,; ;t, IL~ I I 1Je) pe41< aM llno.nre (.JJ..eCl1TrOl: Ill.a p ann a iicKJIif ,. fiYHHC 1011"1, XOUlKeplfH C]l.ld_i), Opon , rom (Opollrol'lcKlJ1~! .Ile(,llT01{), rliJlb611 pe {_5~{l'I fl C'I\(}- Aoaran 8TCI,Ii r,. Cpenue-Opoa roHr.:IHI fI ll.eCHTKll), )Ka pr an a HT) rl('l\Oe ~ [10LIII me TT P 11 pe'lKe Y6y KyHe (BYflJ-ldHlti LI Afiara Ha1'C!,11fl !leCfJTI,Il), Toxcncxoe yposnrne n p u pe']Ke. YGYKYHe ()Kapr iJJJ<lIlTyfI('KO-By llllCK,'Il! JleCflTOI(), Y posmne CYTOR np H p. Cenen re ()I\<l p rarra ElT>· rIc xo-By lTI-It: 1,1 I rl nee H:- 1'01() , 3arYCT8HCIWC ypouauie Him 0:1. Fycuuoe ..(3arYCHJiltKHn neCSITOK) .

2. 13 a.6<l ii -xOjlOM'llIeBCI{n~J -8';;7 uen., B yposntuax BUJlIOT<:i e, CeJ1eHTflHCKOM 11 Illefiep rye ITO p. Ce.neure, B yponume YCib-yIBQmCl npH p. Haonre (necsrox CeJJeHfHHcRllil), B ypo-unnax Bopo-Tyoea, OpoHroH, Xapr-a a, 04Iip-5YJlm-1LlWe, KYI-liJ.YJl.YH fl llleoepryn no p. HBOJIre (l'lBOJlrHlIC1UlH ,Ll,eC51ToK).

3. J -fr llepllopyncl<oli- 1417 'JeJI., Tl T'nJlb6r-rpllHCKOM YP ()'-111 me np II p<;'''fKe frr.rlhql1 pe II B YP04 uuie r-1I11l~He-O POHrOt"n'KOM (1--1 epHo11YACKJOH

-32-

AenlTOK), B ypOQJ1w;aX ()ponrot"l":KOM 11 Xapran a-rcxoa (.-\6aJaeB-

C:1\l-11~1 AeC>TToK).

4. OJl30HOB- 1.047 -ye,n., Il ypovumax 3arycTanCIWM nil rYC.HHOM oaepe, ToeHC'IWM 11 Bypracrnlicnou (3arycTai,jeKIIT~l necnrox) . B ypo'll-flll,aX Y6YKyu-XapraHan:KoM Hioxae- 1·1 BepxHe·OpoHroi1cKO,M (OpOH rojJ,CKHl~1 .a:ecflToK) ..

5. GYM aJJ .rcry JlbClm!i -1749 ue,n .. , B y po 411111ax 0POL-LroUCKOr,J,

IifsollTe (H BOJlflllIC"KiJH .uCC>TTOI{,), 5y KyW :>1\;) pr a.n a HTyi·i,5YKjIll- TO'XOHCKGM rrpn p. Y6YK)'He, CYTOr"ICKOM, !3ypracTar'iCKoM, 3ye 11 Sarycr aiiCKOM (3yl1c:KII1~T ,!J,eCHTOK), B ypos: ruta x Ka p aynsno.Jlyrcxov, IlIfJIlU H HruLbrHlICJ{01rI na p. Ceaenre 11 B yp01-11!lUC TaM43 npn p. TeMHIlKC (H5IlThrlmCIOIit .!lCCflTOK).

6. 2·j.j: 8Tara1-lOll-969 'le,1., B yponnmax All,clllcKOe, 3arynai'l,

TaMQHl{Clwe, '-i:IlKoiicIW- Ba pause.Jly rcxoe (Aua ikK!if\ ,!J,ec5JToKl·

7. XaTarIlHoB-1047 'leJl" B EI-TXOPCK,OM ypO'-lfl[l{e rrp n p. )J)Kl1.IJ.e, B TaM '-IIJ I-JCT{oM, Xa[HlxaticKoM H CyJl:YTYT~ICl{OM ypO'HlII(aX npn p, TCMHHI{e (Ta M'rH]-ICKUrl )l,CC5I.TOK), B ypon uma x HPHHCKOM, OpGOHTYeBCKQM, UanlJ-lfOJlbCKOM II npu p .. l-Ipo, n Tel,lJIlJ.LJ.:KOM II AlJ.YJlbCKOM ypOTlJfmax [Jpll p. TeMHHl(e (T'I plmCKJlll n[,(,HTOI<).

R 2-1~1 CCJlt'H rn HCI<O··X a jl31IYT('J{1l1i-559 '[C.IL. II ypo'! UUUlX Ce.ncu. rllneKHlt EllXOP npn p. Ce.nenre II TaM'lli'lICKDM upn [1. TeMnll!(e (A6,1- raHaTCKHil )l ecnro 1(,) , B yponuute Bapallbe-JlyrcKoM npn p. L[~fI{OC I! EH.'WPCKOM. 1-1.8 p, 'ulI<u,ue (A6araH <l'1'CKlifl 11 Xa pa nYTCI, 11?i lleCfll'KI·ij.

g. Y301-IOB- 148 'leJl., yponnuie TaM'lIlHCKOE' npu p. Texnuxe, ypo. 111l111e Han i.r Ilj-!CKOe n pH p. Ce.nen re (,LleCWll{ I! He 1131]eCTllb!) .

10. OO,iU'OPOlllTbI1l-859 sen., Y po 411111,e Ta M ll .. 1 fl cxoe, TeM II I I KC'I<oe,

Cy.uY1'Y1-'l H All.Y'~ scxoe H D. [J. Te VlH H [{e, ypOtt lJUW Cell ell riff-] L uoe If

MYPTYHclwe ua p. Ce.ITeHrC (lJ,eCWf(J]{ TJMQllI1C]Olll).

I!. l-i't ClljlTO.'IOB-2109 ne.n., YIlO'llllua Baun-Fo,n. Eypry.cIT<:lH npa

p. Bypr-y.nrae (ByprYJlTai1cKlifi )W('HTOIS), Yr)(l'llllll.a 1-I1Dl{He II Bep xue.Ha puuc l\,tle Tl IT 11 P biT-! n p 1·1 p. 1-111 puue, ),PO'!I I L1Ul II If ;'I{]-J(~- 1I Bepxue-J'nreryil np u p. Furerye (rurr.::TYllclwi'1 JT.eewro!{). ypoumne Llu r aryft npn fl. Lla rar yc, ypO'II!JJ1.<1 Hapun H'ICTyi'ICI<OE', Bepxue-Bon, Cpenue- II IIIDKlIe-IjlletyfL. fblJl,3era npH -p. J.l'leTye (l1'leTyt"lcIVli.i .a:ecHToK) •

12, 2-i'l C,I IITO .. '1O-3-25 1 1 '-IeJ!., y[lO'lIIUJ.e Topeucnoe npu II. Tepee (Topeilcxnfl ,Il,eOITOK), ypo -unue ;-\.nll,a'I( T1 p II p_ i\.nUClI(E' I I Y pO'UI UJ.C

Xa1'XOMlO'l!I rrp!l [I. Xa TXO,IIl1,OlJH (AJlll<:l I{CHJJ i'I necnro I() , YfHl411 tile

YI<blp-LIeJlo:l:l IIp Jl p. Dypl)·.~Ta(> (BypryJrTa i'le JOJI~] lJ,ec l1TOI{) .

13, 1·1"1 1'aOanrYTCKJln .,----633 '1(:'.11., Y PO'111.lJJ.a I I 'leTY ij JI H 1D1( ue, HqeTyfr rrpu P H1JeTye 01l1eTyiicKFlII .LleCRTOI{), ypouruun Bepxue- II Haxnre- U<J raTyi-icKoe H p 11 p. Llar arye (Ll.a rclTyikl{'11 ~i l~ecHTOI\).

14. A.l'!aryenCI{HH-I064 "JeJl., ypo-uuna l"l!-13araTyHcKo.e I-L Xa.~-

-33-

raTyj'kK~e (Y!H3ar,lTYlicJ<JIH necnrox}, ypoLwme lI(apr1.l.llilll'l'ytl ()Kapra.'1[JI-ITYHCIOHI .ueCR1'OI<), ypoumna lTPHFfCJ{OC' [I ! IpHHC1{Oe-YpMe nflll

p. 11 po (VI PlIHCKlitl necaron).

15. 11 PHHCKO-X 8[1 3UYTClm l't-11 97 ue.n., ypounma Ii p nncno-Eoporoncxce, Hpuacxoe, CaMX31{CKOe IT[lFl p. Hpo (HPH!1Cl([!ii .aeCJITOl{,).

yponuma YpMJIHCKOe, vT.i1HrHT-Il'I{QC! II Y)lYHrrrHcKoe 1Ia p. TeMHlll\e

(TeMHIIKcKTlH necsrroK).

16. 1- n ararauon -1998 4CJl., ypo 4 mua ,U <lUX)' pcxoe II Boprarlckoe rrpl! [I. Bnproe (,Ua6xypcIUlJ:i neCHTOK), ypo1JIJIIte Tacypxaencxoe aa p. LI,}IOl}le (TCjcYPX<leBC'KlIii AeCHTOK), ypoxnuie Xonaruuckoe Y p. Xonar-a (Xonanuicxnn Je€C5TTOK), ypoamua Ll,blpeCTYlIcKOe lin

P.~)l{HJle, Bansix-Kynnyacxoe Ii Hnncne-Enxopcxoe (nLJpecTyii-

CIOJI{ }I.ec nro 1\) , y po 1111111,8 .. LI,>KJI)l11 T1CI{O- Ta J1 a fl cxoe !1 pIT p. )J,ilUIiJ.C, 511- JlIOTa ncxoe ()J,}J( I-Ill 1'1 H CKJ.II I necHTOJ\), yportmne l'y )j{jj I'C see y p, CeJleHrH II ypo-ruute Ll,IOP GCllcKoe (rY}[{)l pc« H 1I jJ,(:,CHH1K) I Y 110 -uuuc r.1Ixopcxoe npn p. Ll,i-KIUI;C (CHXO[H'KIlI"r necsrox).

17. UOHro.lIoR-3713 qe.ll., ypounuie 3Jl.yiicKoe (Xapnyncrcnn.

Ylnl NITy'11cI( HI~ II 3Jl.yticl<'!lii llccHT1m), ypo'l PI rue IT oexa ncxce n p TI p. X IIJI!,e (1- loexa Be' 1< 11 fl }J,eCf1 TOI<), ypo-uuua XIJ.I1Ol'CKO~, Tar<1JlLJ.a pekoe n M,JJ[rllpyl"ICl-we (TanlJ1UilpelWii J(CC5ITOK), ypo-uuuc /\P<l-X<lpJ1YIItime (3.!Iyi-icKJ--!l"J n,eUITOK). ypoxurue YJleWfYllClwe rrpn p. 4m(Dc C3.n.yi1clmfJ, Xapnyncxnil n Kypercxuu .lleCRTKII), yposuuta Xapaoy., CYIlCJWe, Mypo'ml-lcJ<,oe Jl l(lIpeTyrlCJWe (Kxperyucxn» ,lJ,L!CH'fOl<). yponnute Tawnpcxoe npu p. Tavupe (Knpe1)'ifcluli'J 11 XaMlUlr<1)J.al"lClOtH .a.;C5ITKa), CaJJIOITy-MyxopcKoe. XaMlIJ1ranarkT<oe npu p. XaMRRral(aH, Ky.a.aplIHcKoe npn p, Ky.uape, Ll,Y!l2Kol'ic}we ypouume (XaM' lIrrr<JnaiicKui1 ),leCRToK), Auafloxoe ypocuute npu 03. fYCHl10e (XaMnrrraaa t1CKHH IT F(l1peTCKHfI neC5ITI<H).

~8. Awe6araTCKII}i -2363 QeJ1., ypo.rnma KY)1apl1HCKoe u KHpaH' U,lli,ll,a Me xoe (f\y)(ap !lHCKHH neOHOK,), yposnme Anuararcxoe (liIa- 3i1raikK.~1 ii 11eCflTOI\), ypouruue YCTb-TaMHpCKoe npa p, Kapers (TopMllftCKJlI1 .aeCl!TOK), yposnme Apa.Kupercxoe y p. Knpers (Ap a-Krrpe1'CKHi'J .a.eCHTOI\). yp04JJJJJ.e OCHHCKOC ()],YlD!WHCIUIH H CaraIlOBCJ(FIH Jl,eCJlTKU) I yponante )l(HHl(OKOHtKOe y p. )KHFl11o (lK)fH,Il.,OKOHC1UIM l(eCSJToK), ypo-nuue Ill aaaraacxoe y 1). Illaaar a H XaHtrYH (Illaaal'<lnCI~IIi'! ,lleCHT01().

HI. 3-ii 'rad "I Fl rYTcI<Jlfr-1196 [leJ1., ypotllll1J.a E a unncxoe II XaJ.ip I1Ty-,UuGal-IC!{()e y p. qJJKof'l (3a xy J"ieK,IJ n .n,eC5IToK), ypo-nuua OH.ll.OJUlHCKOe II J\pu-3~1I{Yl!cKoe I1pU p. LIHKoII (OH.uOJJHHCt\1IH necsrox) ,

YP04l1UlLi Llausupcxoe, Vcyryiicxoe A 4illiot'IcKoe npu p. BURoe (Xapbm,CIOI ii .n,eCHTO]{), ypomnna Cy6Ylnyir nAp M au.Cy JPK [Ii! (Cy6yKTyikl\P~i necsrox).

--34-

20. 2-1i Ta6aHrYTcKl1ii-:2R9 nea., yp01IlHIl<1 BOJlbII1e- Fl Apa-Cynil\lllIC1<ue, Cy6YI{TO-TYl{OMCI{(jC, Xopou xoiicxoe Y p. CeJleJ!1'!1 (Jl.eCJlTI( II flCfl3BeCTl'1 u) .

21. 2-11 LJCPlIUPYJl('ftllii-549 '11',1l" YIHl'llIwa YJIYllfHI!Cl<OC Y P€l{

TeMlIl1lW 11 YIIYHrll (YltYllrJIIlCI\IIj.'1 JlCCIITO!i), ypU111IIlle TCMIIIH(CI<OC y p. TeMllIllHI (TellHI II I(CI(lJll JleC'TlTol\).

22. t.[1I[' ,i'Jl'I\,o-x,lpaIIYTC!WI'r-8G2 'I(;",rl., ypo-unun Bepxue-, Cpenue- II llllil\llp. Wap1J.rJI,Jul\IIJ1t:I\Ol' IIp11 II "nI<Jx l' n'M iKe uaanaunea (1L\,'orrl{11 tl<'llJB '("I'll u).

I( [lOMe 11 ;\3B;I'H II 1:11 X 1'l1011IJi' rpy n n ~. n .rncanoe ynox nuaer eine 0

IiR2 'lC','IIIHPJ\:n II I'm'Tallt' C(','IE'IIr1tHl'I.;(}ij crcnuuf Jl)'MbJ, HU ponoaan 11111llJa.cJ,JleihllnCTb hUTl)~lJ-'I\ lit' IILJIH-'-l~.rl~'t--Ull O,'Y;I.Il:tCh Ti1'1\)t{C ~fC 113- ucc ruoii pO.ltnB;:J1I 11PlllliJiIJW/I\IHI\' j'h (jX, II f.IJ(ll\I."I( Llou 1 'O.TlLCKOll 11110.

PU,!l.HOj'l Y 11 p;:J asi,

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.'\11,1 KllpCTCli351 (no jlf'II.C1M l'III'le-rll, :\U.'I 1';) , {l1YX{1PY, nIHtI)l\C,

3AVIO, LIllIW10. 51IqYre)-17:J~ 'IC.IIIHI{'I{;I,

"EoproficIWfl (no pel,aM LLiI\ll!~e. Ilopru!o, Huo, YJ1YlIre. TeMIIII1\)')

-2663 ue.noecxa,

rI1TeTYI1CKa51 (no peK<J M r II rcry IV. by pry JJ'I ;111l, II ;1]1 hili y, U;I r flTYlO, 114CTYTD, Topete] -3525 'le.10sef,.

CeJJeHl'I1HCl{(1 fl (no peka M: Xll.lll{Y, LJ 11 1(01U, Cencure, 0'3. rYCHHoe,

3arYCTaJO, YflYHYrlY) -2045 'JeJlOl3eK,

Xarh51rIHl51 (no peKil 1 1.111I\UI0. r:~JiPl:lr', Cy(i;_IKTYIO, LlOJfll,lIll-

rom) -2152 IleJIDBelW,

5IHra)KHHCK a R (ITO pel"l M Fu J1 uU II pc, Y6yHY1IY I 0 [1011,010, Cenen re

n I-IBoJITe)-I525 4eJ10BeJ{.

ITPJ1MEllAH'Hsr

1. HCTOPillI BypllT-MonroJlbcKoii ACCP, T. I, 113.11. 2-e, YJJall-Y)I'~, 195'1. c. 105.

2. TaM ace, c. 68-72.

3. KYApHHUeB !J.I. A. HCTOPIUl I5YPllT_MOlirOill>CKOrO HapO)W (OT XVII B. AO

60-x rOAOS XIX s.). O'lepKH. M.-JI., 1940, c. J30-131.

4. «CeJletlra:o, rasera, 1992, 24 IUOHlI. XP0]iHK3 6. 5y)!aeT:Ja_

5. 1l1l(jIlKOB B. ll,. OlShllmoe npaao cenenruucxux Gypwr. ~I Jl:lll_Y Jl<, 1~17U,

c.4-5

6. 'raM )Re, c. 51_

7. Jl,aMerueH Jl. M. Brryrpeunns nOJlIlTHK3 napnaxa 11 lIapOAiJl CI1l:iIIPIL (XIX -IIa'IaJlO XX nexa}, HpKYTCK, H3A. HpKYl'CKOrO YUI1BeI'CIITeT8. I!.lS(i, c. 40-41. 8. Hat\HOH3.f1bHblil apxna Pecny611HKIl BYP!!TIHI (I-IAP5) I (I). ~, UII, 2, jl. 2398,

JI 106.

. 9. «Cezetrra», 1992, 26 UTOH!!. XPOIIIH(8 _5. 5y..a.aeB8.

10. ,UaMeIIIel{ JI. M. YK83. CO'i., c. 75-76_ B CTilTbC 35 ~BpeMC!III\II'n n!t.~" meHlHI 0 J<pecTbHHCKI1X UaqaJTbHHKax:o, npuuarcro 8 IIIOIIf[ 1898 rona rOBOpIlJlf,Cb«KpeCT.b5IUc.KHM BS'l8.%OHKaM npnlJalIJleJKHT: 1) HCllLlJlllClllIe JlPiI{a~IIX ITa no.auIJ;Hlf, corJl8CHO nOJlOlKemUI 0 nuoponuax, Ol'l1l38HHIlCTit 110 OCiLUP.MY lIaG.mOJ-lCIlI110 3iI HHOPOA'IeCKIiM ynpaSJlClIileM H rronetenmo 0 Hy-autax unoponues 11 2) paape-

-35-

1JINrlll~ 1l ){il'fCCI'SC TpI'Theii CTYIICUII CJJOlleOIOM naerrpaau cY/(et)IILrX lleJi IIHOpOA" IH'B. IIU)lBe.QUMCTOelJlll~ x !IX POllOllhTM ynpanneuume» (c. 75).

I 1. !lbIOIITWIl I'. u. 3a6ai\J..:a,~bcl\UC 6YPlrrcKoe I,W311'lhe BuiiCJW (ncropunec-

IlIlfi ()qe[Jllj. i1:;6paUH.hle TPl'.AhI n ,Il,[)YX 'I OM~X. 1I0BOClf61111~li, «l].lyua"», 198 l,

'I, 11. c. 157-1'G0

118. l3orn:olloB M, li. O'fep~(11 II (';1'0 p 1'1 11 GYPIl1'_MOIU'()JlhClW!"(l 1I~IIUll~, BepxueYflIIIICI(, [926, c. 80-82, 2lK

- 12. PVM~HlleB l'. II. CCJlcrll'HIICKne 6ypJlTbJ (1l~~)IICXOJ){).Ielllle II pOllllnJlCMCII- 11011 CtlCTa-R). MWrcPfl~,Hb\ [TO ItCTOPI{}1 II 1~1I,~OJJQrJllI Uel-ITIJ<IJlbliOli J\:UJI1. B IJUlYCK 2, :Y.~ ,1I~ .~1,~3, I 9'lj5, e. 92.

13. Eornanou M. J-1. Y[(a3. CO'I., c. 218. J4 _ Ky np fl eues ¢I.A. YI,a3. CU'L, c. 149_

15. t-IA PB, (~. 2, 011. 1, s; 84, JI. 53.

16. TaM IKe, zi. 172, J1. 185.

17. TaM JRe, /l, 1878, J1. 50. 18, taM 1Ke, n, 3949, .Il. 76.

18<1_ Tal-! 1Ke, on. 2, fJ.- 1248, Jl. 3. 19 TaM )I(e, 011. 2, n, 676 . n. 7. 20: TaM IKe, 1l. 21.78, .n, 28,

21. B bIen'! a iirne yq-pe,Krre-mr a H rron ~ P encenarem.crao M CT a-rc.ce r. per a 1151 KyJlOM31fll~ !(OMTICCIlH lIJHI nccaencnaunn ~eM.~eB.!laileHllfI n 3e~lJICnllm,30BaT-llm II ::!a6~li]{a.'lbCjwii o(jjJaCTIl. Man·pllaJfW. BbflIyCl~ 3, CTaTHc'fllqer-iWe ll.aHllhle (uroronue , 'l'a6Mll!rhl). ,C-ncTl:p6ypr. [898, (,1aJlee: M an'pfla/lbl IiOMIlCCIIH KyJlOM3flHii), c, 340-358,

22. i'YMfl1tll.t'!l r)-L Ylla::!, CO'l., c. 91\-97.

CKOTOBOn4ECKGE X03~HCTBD

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-38-

aero xperir a OBUb] 6blBaIOT nexnoro xpynuee 06b1KHOBeHl-lhlXe.BpOrreiicrcnxs.! B naxase CeJ1erlTHC'-IUIX 6yPtlT 1761 rona YI{83blBSJ]OCb, "TO OHH IIMeJHL rrorpcdnocu, TIe CTOJlbl{Q R naxornorr 3eMJle, CIWJlb· 1,0 n «ceuusrx noxocax ][ non nacrtimua MCCT(lX».2

Ha IW'leBoi:[ xapaxrep CKOTOBO.1l.IICCKOro X031l11:c'fBa GypHT yl<a3bl~ B11J01' ornensuue apxnauue ,Il;<JTHJble HaJJ60Jlee paruurx .rer. B 1699 ro,'W ra6aTrrYTC:rKui'I Ol.;:]olll-:WnCGlH oT6Hl~a.rr CJE'.'106HThC: «)],m::r JIca4" uoro npOMb]CJJY II 33 C[{},.Il.HOrTb]O CIi:OTCI\llX I\;OPOB, KO'lYIOT OHI! 6pau,- 101 e JII0J1,JI OT E aii IUIJI<I MOp~1 ('0 C!{OTOM nnepx no CeJleHTC ssuue Y rtunc« il ITa I I BOJl rllHCKHe n 0 POll] OrroriHe crenu no BC H r01l,bJ C Be.QO M a 1.13 Ce,1 E'l:Irrn:lC!{a OT J1 P IllW3HbIX .'11O;'l.efj».a

Eute II re rO,!l.LI Kot/eBbfl 6yp,lT, D TOM 'lllUle u CeJleHrIIHCJ,l]X,

np01l3nO~1,11JT Ileb To,abl(O H a orrpeACJICHHWX, orp a HII 'JeHHblX n pocrp a ~lCTB ax , a He KG! H: 'KOMy sao.rarop IlC"CY J],lfTCH. Tu«, Ce.neu r-n HCKHe Gyp HTLl UOlI rOM.lBOf'O po,o,<t B 1737 rony B trloe/i n pocb6e tJ,<ltb «BM1- .1l.eTe,'lL>l-lbrii \'1\ D::I» I-I a 3eM.'IIT, nncann: «B ypo-inutax OT Ce.neuruucxa aaepx 110 -Lll1 [{OfO pexe, O'f xa Mellfl UCKYIYfYH no 06e CTO[lOHbl BBC px no p. 41T1,OlO, 110Bh1r1Ic 3H MOBhfl_ ... .QO B b1COKOrO xa MelT [J C n Jl J-Il-Ia)],JIe~ }I( a UJ.II M ,[ II a q IT «oe ceMhlO OCi [lOBilM 11, KOTopbfe B sepresce HMemlO nOK£t38 llbl OT rex Me:mcf! 01' 4HKQH pexu 11 p mvlO II ropy naepx IIO XHJlKY peke no npanon cropone tIO p. CIHIHhT II OT XllJJKa pel<H uaepx no TaKOBO~1 )Ke pexe )],0 MOtTY no 'IlpOe3}Kei{ TeJle)KI-IOH noporn, nil KP1'OPOH scxne, K3K oren IIX C Y,lYCHhIMH CBOHMH JnO,llbMlI

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-31-

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B 1831 roay B 18 ce.nCllrll'H'C.I{,IIX pozrax IHl 8508 peBI13CI(liX nyui, r.e . .T1Hll :.1) ;1,,'I,oro nona, npll,\OJIII,I[f)('b: .~()wi-IJlei'l [8!:lOO, «pyrmoro pnr a'rurn ('I'0'I"a-23591, 01 ell~51425,I{o3-8129, ncero 102470, r.c. npnucpno 12 rO,'IOB [JCHI,oro cxot a HU My/!{CJ(~:lO iIymy uace.nenna.B

COIlCP}1, a 1IIIe .il.OBOJI bll 0 flO.lbli 101'0 f((J,n uuecrsa cxora 13 YCJIOBJ III X IJOJlyHO'I~BOI'O ,\Lljl:IKTeflil aeaenun xiJlllircnw >1B,rf}I.~OCh ,r:r,eJlOM TPY!.I,HbIM. CKOT B tll'IIlJ'BIIO,l Fl revenue jl.lll'l'C.!lbHoro ncpllO}L:t BpeMeJ-lIJ S ronv H3:'\O,cIIIJICli ua 1l0!.l,HUiI\JlJOM lWrUl_\". TI03TOMy cru coxpannocn, 11 vrrnr aunocn, uo M.ilOftYM 3:JBII,'e,11I OT 1{(1['I111:>06 npupua u. 4(1('1'0 C.1YLwrswllec)I JiJ.t:'l'b aaryx n, OOIL')b[lbl(' 311Ml-lIIe CHeron<l,r:r,bl II l'11.'lbJ-lbH.' MOjl()3bl i3 rJT~\C:ib[lb[e ro.us np"I:lU,'lII,'JlI K MaCCOllOMY n<1JI,e)Ii:Y eKOT;].

3 arOT8 II.illllJaeMOfO cen ,I I) <J ;! II MV 1I11f(QT',r:r,<1 Ill' X13 in,vlO H8 itOJl r lie 311MIIIIC II p anueuecenuue }J,JIII. Ti:lJ(~, Ll 1833 1'01lY Ij rlellOMC'1 Be. 6bl.1O aarorosneao 151~)q6 xonen. EC.'II[ C'JIIT<lTb, no C:I,vlWM 3clBblillenHLIM ~'lepl,aM, 4TO B 1\,0111ie 6 nY,.J,Ol\, r.e, 01\0,:10 I ucuruepa, TO no.nyua('TC'll MPH bUI e [,S 1I,E'IITI-I ep II ceua rra ronony 1-Ia neCb ron. B e,Il,b KpO' \H:' cerra np<lI,T11'le-C[<;11 HI11,<lHOIO npvroro [WilMa I1JUl ('lmT;] ]j TO apeM)f H(, 6bl.no. IIe60,nbilioe 1\O,!11ItfE'CTBO CO;IOMb!, soropoe IlMe,'10Cb He I{ 1\<l,I,JI,OM X03fli'ICTne, He Melr?JIO OOlLl.cfr K<lllTllHbl KopMOBoru 6<l.!HIHea.

3J1MOj'1 11 BCCllOl! 1833 rO)l,i:1 B CC,~eHrllHC];OM l:Ie)l,O~"CTBe npouso-

-38-

JlJl'.n MiJCCOBLlli rra ac:« CKOTa «ITO trenovrauxe reua. OT }[{enOKII:\ MOp 030S II OT "GrITiJ!JW ux Bem-lIOIX ell crou». 3 a B lH'M 11 t' 28 (j)('£ P il.~ ~ no 26 :111[1(',1>1 183:1 ro,r:r,;_1 no Be1J.O~1CTny Cerreuruucxoii crenucri .llY\lIiI .,- nuoponuee nu.no: BCPOJllOllOB-5, .rJ011'<'Hleii 3598, 1'[1ynHoTo poru Taro ClWTa 5452, OBC'Il. -13308, l\o3-252R, 13cero-24892 roo ,I013bL B Hl'JlOMOtTII 0 1\(),~JllIe{'TB(' n':l.leil\a 0'1 lv1eYl'11O, 'ITO l'TOllMOCTh ne[~6,,110}J:a COCTaIM,te'r 75 py6,nerl, .'lOl1la,'111 -20 PyoJIeii, rcpyrmoro ro yUI.lTO!{ OT nauexca COCTil13 lfJl 226086 py6jlf~'l.g

H;IIIOo.rlhJlIII€ HrH€PH OT 6eJtCTIlII i'l 1833 roua nouecnu 6Yll}ITbr

.\aTilriII-lCKoro poaa (TaMlIa)-naJlo 6838 ronon CIWT.'l, 5YMa.~·roTo.'lbl'lWro PO! a (TaM4,-I, 3arycr<lJ[)-2:32G n).rlos, Xap aayrcxoro pon a (>HII xce Menu) -1524 rO,~OBT"1 II T.}l. B llalIMcHbl11Cii crcnenu TIOeT' pall am-I 6YPllTbJ l-ro Ta6alll-YTCKoro pOJl,i1 (HqeTYI"I. Uannaj,j) - 65 l'OJlOB, 2·ro Ta6aHrYTclwI'O pO;IJ.<l~ 117 nMOB, O.~b:'01·IOBl·I(OI'0 jlO!l<.J- 313 ro.noa. BH.LI.IIMO, II MeHhlllefi crericun JIOCTp'IJU].~I! '1(jITC.rlil rex ~I ecr, r,r:r,~ B bITT aa 0 ne M HOr() cuer a.

I3 [LOC.1 eflY' fO DIll e ron J.,J, II P lUll'!, 110 B re -re H 1l e OlWJIO lID t-ID.U<' Til ,/I er, ra 1\ Ill' cIl.'ThllGle crux ll?i nue 6ellCTBJHi 11 Ce.1 ['1-11"1111 CI(OM Bl'.LI.O M erne 11 e super-ncrpupoeanu. no !.l,'lHI1blM I 48 rona, 'Iepe.3 17-18 ner 01lfWHl UOlll.ce 1<OJ}lltfeCTBO nOrOJlOl1hH ('1\0'1'<1 CUU,' ue )l,OCTllr.~O ypuarrrr 18~~ I ruu a _ n oroaom.e .T101Tl CltJ,eii cocra Il.H1JlO J 4080, [{[lynHDL'O por arorn Cl<OT<l-17610, OBeu-55489, 1(/)3-9771, BepOJllO!.l,()B- 567, nee['0 97517 I"OJTOB.lO rTPIi 3HCI'-lIlTe,;jbHOM COT pautentrtr T{o,TlJ'IeC'TB3 JIO- 111 (Inerl (H a 4820 1"0)1013), I{ pvrnroro por 111'01-0 CKOTa (5981), HeCI<OJIb- 1(0 YBl'.nTI'III,rIOCb nOrOJIOBLe ODell, (na 4064 rOJlORlll), xos (1642).

OC06C[TllO Tll)J{eJloi[ JJ,Ml ce.neurnucxnx 6ypsJT OK<l3aM1Cb 3f1MOfll\(J 1849-1850 r~,r:r,H. Jrem 1849 r011.'1 ,.'l,Jl51 3]l;eWlTIIX MCCT 6bl,,10 aucyiu, ,,1 II t- bl ~I II C KO,["OBO)l,bl He CYM C'JI II .3 a rOT{)BUTb .H e06XO.il.IINlOe IW,lTJ['leCTno cella 1I]-:l~1 H eypoxcasr. 3<1 .T]CTO n ocern, Ohl.nO ;>'<1r01'OB,I1(,1I0 scero 6542 [ IWI1H3, 'lITO ITa 114128 I,Ollel-i Merlbwe ;J,OBO,TlbHO l'1(YJJ,J-TOI'O ypoil";,1)'1 upcauuymero rOA3, 113-3<1 3,ll')'XII Mc1.'lO ('0011;1.1!1I He TOJ1.bi<O ceH<"I. 110 II x.ietia. B LJ,e,'10M HH l\(lil\ilYIO cxor uny 11:1 'HllI'IY 6r,].IIQ 3<1rOTOHJJeH() ncero no nOJlOBIlHe l<OIIHbl cell 11, no 3TOri the n[l11'IIIHe (']\,01' [l 1849 rOIlY yuien na 3IIMOBI\)" HellOCT<lTO'IHO ynllT<lHHhllvl. llPIII1fl('('W nero II;] :1)1\01)" ceun cnua XB3TiJ.'1Q no 'J)-Jni'ljhl. ChOT m,ITl}'i!\.'l€I·!bl Obl.'111 n (J ell! 1-10 IT iI,rUIM, Jl eCRNl, rAe' 0 n \10r entc t1;OCT;[ Th [lE'TOlIJb.

O .. 'UI3!\0 311M<l II TOT rOil OT{<I:l3,,TT<JCh u a pe.Il.KOCTI> CI-IC)I{lTOII II :'\0- JIO,.'],I!OIl. D03MO)l\HOCTII 11(1C1'II l'I(QT SOBel' II pexp aru.urcs. To ri\ <:1 .\0- ~ /Ie ua 13 [,llly ;'I\llCl-lbl 6b1JJI-l II [l1l6ec(1 Tb .K T(J H II M qle~lCTI:W M, xa h Bbl PyO· xa Ta.nbH nxa 1Ia OCTPOBK;;i x )J.Ji H U{OT,J, [<op MJlelllle ero 3 '-I C'H,1' t06- crsen 1-1 bl X npOIWBOJlbCTneHJ-lbIX san aC:OB~[1 PIIOi'l, X/leOOM, Kllj1 nlL'II-LbIM 11 ,1<'1,1. X,H~6 II '-[ail 6ypHTbl nOKYlIiVlIl J1<1 ,;:r,efLbLlI or nj)(J)I,<lLi-;H nonox-

-39-

IDem cxora. Ho nce 3Tll MepbJ He MorJIIf cnurru acero CII,OTa II npo H30IllJIII M8ccoBbre fll:t}1,e)KJI.

uEn! H<liJ,e~(}1,a GbUICI I-lCJ J1<1crYII.n€'Hlle rennoil secnu. Onnaxo II('p.

aan aecenuun MeC.llU M a pr l'OI! l!0HOil\J].<I.m·}l C IIJI 1:.11 bl MIl .'\0.[10/1.1-1 hi I'll II

nerpav II JI TIOTO»I}' Dbl aecrn CKUT, 113p H,Il,Il0 IltTO uia I!WI! i'l 1I OC.'HJ(}el!UJllii aa XOJ1O!'fIIV,(J II rO.fJOIllIY10 :lIl:vty. 11<1 IIl:tCTb6y 6blJIO lIeB0:11V10/1< HO. CI\01' CIl<:lC<JJlCfl TO.n oliO 13 XJll'lHIX II crt [lGl}IX. CII.fJhllbri-j Hen~1l yuec CO crena. nacrouui OCT<ITf,11 lIeTOWlI, 1<11\ 'ITO I'KOTV r a « Jli1'JE'ro lie OC'T(1JlOCb. B IlOBep unruc JW DeC'MY crepe 'l_llfl bl I'll a liTa JHl 10 a n IH'JIH rrpow.rm lIO)JUUI co crrero I'll I 3,j H II MIT rroc.nenouann XOJTO,ll,,I , T C' l'I<O TOBu,nW, xorcpue yme BbJe.'{;J.'111 !' 11H11111.,{ croiirimu, :'l<l O,ll,HY 110% nOTepF..J]1J GO .. 'TbWYIO 'Jill'Tb l.:KO'1 [I. lLo flO:JAlIeii 13e('Hbl CTO]l,,'la X(MO.'lnas uorozta rr nc napoc.no TP;IBbf ilajKe I(.iHI ODell. lie ronopn 01<PYllllO M pora rOM (,1{GTe.11

C I nunapn no 1 MiH] 1850 J'1)llil III) CeJIl'HI'HHCI{OMY l:l€'ilO.\1l·TBY 6ypllTbl OT fie(,'l{Qrrvnllll.J II x(),nQ-,nOB 11OTE'Pl1JlII 1:301 JIOLUn~b, 6529 rOJ]OB xpynnoro pOLaoro l'IWT<l, 15219 OI3E'll. 2617 TW3, .54 uepomona, scero 25720 1'D.10B t'KOTa,l2

O,Ll,Hal{,O H nuc.ne l-ro M3H na,ll,ell\ CKOT3 npoAoJlJl«l,,11CH. no A<IIIHhLM ua I nronn '1'01'0 ,I,C rona norepu (j1.oJ.i111 CJre.D.YIOIl.l,IIC: .nOW1l1lll 1474, KPYllHhtii poraTblii (,I<OT-6556, QI3I1JJ1-J 021 ( 1-I03bl-2952,IITOro-27450 ro,nOB.13

Ta xn M 06])<130M, nO'1 OHI))~t'TB(), rJI ann ,HI OTJl a C.rib X03H iic-fUi:.I ceaenrnnckux 6ypwl', 1 pNJOBa.1I0 c IIX ropouu (J'rpOMIi roo noucenuennero, lIa(''!10 nauyp urcnt.noro rpyJI<1. OUO BCJJOCb CTapblMH, .D.e.D.OflCI{lIMJI npHeM<lMTI. 1I1)]1MIITIIBHrJ, 5f>l.~o COII)1H/l\eHO C lJpeoLtOJ]elrneM nl)KeJIe~!llJllX npenarcrau it Ii ye.rIoB I"IX CypOB'OI'{) h:.ITIIM 8T3 3303 HK<I.n bB.

C](QTOBOLlCTI30 CT[Hl,ll,3.!I0 TIC ronsxo OT nOCTOJ11I HblX 6eclmp M I 1Tt!>1, XOJIOll.OH II T.lI.., npeneu aM H ripen p a til aJ3lliIlXCH 13 1I01-JCTIJne cruxrm. IIbJe oell,CTBUJr, yuccnnumecs 3H1:l QllTe,rJbHYIO 4aCTb c.ROTa. uo II 01' CHCTeMilT[14e~KlIX uarranenuji BO.1fKOI:l, ,i10BOJfhHO uepenxo C .... ly43BlIJHXC}1 3IT H3QOTI! If.

BOT TOJTbKO uexoropue nanuue 110 n(}Tep5lM CKOTa C't'JIeHrllHC[OIX GYJ1HT OT Han <J)l.Cl:Hn"1 BOJIK,OB aa oTJxeJI bH ble {Bbl60pOtJHO} ronu. B 1879 roay TIQO Be.D.OMcTBy saeneso BOJ1Ka\nJ 596 Jl0ma,let! H<I cyMMy 8830 py6.nell, J'P¥TIHOro poraroro c]{O'Ta-679 rOJ]OB (6304 py6.). OBeu-.-I126 (2046 ryG.), 1\03-524 (736 py6.) , Bep6JlIO.!lOs-8 (100 pyo.), scern 2933 ro.no BbJ H 11 cy M My 18016 py6,1eH .14

B 1880 rony 9TH ncrcaanre.in c.nenymmrie: .rJouHI,Lleil-620 (10950

pyo.), J<pYIIHoro poraroro ('[<OTa-7lt (13305 pyf5.). aBen-l020

(2830 lly6.), 1~03-60.5 (1727 py6.), nep6JJ10)l.OB 4 (80 pv6.),15 H

1882 rOAY J[olUa)J.ci1-63J (9500 py6.), «pynuoro poraroro CKOTCI-

709 (l3470 py6.), oBen-·1125 (4200 pyG.), K03-610 (2340 pv6.),

nep6.ll101l.oB-20 (310 [)y6.) , scero 3095 rOJ]OB (29820 py6.) .16 •

-40-

B 1885 l'()AY aacneno nOJJKaMII 530 .1l0HJ3il,eii (na 950 l1y6.).

xpyrraoro pOraTOI'O CloTa-620 (1l210 py6.), oaeu,-1270 (4300py6,), 1\03-605 (1628 py6.) , 13elJ6Juo}loB-7 (160 pyti.}. IH.:eT'O 3032 ro.uoasr na 26798 ry6.17 B 1890 rcay: .lJOlLla.ll.erI-819 {11845 pya.), I<PYIlnom porarcro t.:K01'3-610 (9110 pyri.) , oneu,-2523 (5554 py6.) , 1\0:1 -872 (1909 pyo.}, Bep6J11oftos-13 (230 pyG.), ncero- ,1837 ronou I[,j 28648 pyG.IB B 1894 rony «l'be,LlCIIO 3B-Pf{M!1»: .fJowa,ll,eA-731, xpynrroro pOUlTOl"O CIWT<I-U46, Olll.'ll-1885, 1\.0:1-1:)81, BCpfiJllo.D.uJ! -3. ncero -1215 runua.!"

TalolM OfiP<13I'tM, C-r:ITlll'T11'ICl"IHle nauuuc 1<1 MIWfue rOll.bI 131'0- poii nO.11 OBIlIi I.J X IX sexu Jl0lW3lJI BmOT, 'ITO cxceron 11 0 co . nerrruuc« 11 e 6YPfIThl Tep5lJIlI OT BOJlIWH 3-4 1'blCil'IH l'OJIOB CKOHI. Taxoe HB,'1eHHe lia6JJJo.ila.~ocb B lie Menbweti Mepe H B npeaunyuure nepuozua. HMeHHO nosroay CIWTORO)lbl crap annes eCJ11ITbCfI TIO)I:2iJbllIe ot JIC-

ca, rne ofin raru: BOJ1KH. X0T51 31"0 II He CllaCaJ10 CKOT 01' IHIX, HO

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04eHb .BGllli.HOe 311<14ellHC B obny CeJlCHr!JHCKH..x 6YPHT, l,aJ{ II y jl,pyrHX 6YPl1T, lIMeJW 06 p U60TIW 111 ern I! U 113rOTOBJICIl fie 113 rree BoftJlOK3 11 J..lpyrllx ncooxon HM bl x 1·1 3 Jl.e,JI H ii. JJ;OM aum He BO ~.rIOtTIIWe 113- )\eJll1f{ 13bHlTJiHa.rIHCb O[HlaMeIITO\1. Oun COXpaU51JIJlCb MHuro .ner H nep XO.D.UJlI:f 0'1' neua 1\ rrpanllyKy. Illcpcri. [!:IXO)lil.'IU UIIJpOlwe rrpHMeueuue II ]l.TIJi BH3!llllffl 4yJJQKh II oc xo 11 , Ul~IP(j)lJll, Il<.JPU[(CI<, runemnu K yrnaM {mapXR-BH33HHble YTrTbI) , !l3rOTOB •. 'JCHHH iop r.

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-41-

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-43-

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l' 1\{]'11i 1,1 X :>;03)1]"1 CTI:lBhnrYi[\}1CII bl 11)1. Til II ann ;Vl<iTbOI IHl P :lO(lT)' K !'iora'I;lM. klMl1 HHJI51,II[ICh, narrpuaep, CTi:lIHIl.Jllhlf'[ aTaMi1T1 6a!lMil Llupevn n.n DB. II M eruu 11 rl 30 JlOlJ ra D,Cl-!, 54 rOJIO B hll\pylill 01'0 porn roro tKOT3, 170 OBl2l{ 11 1,03,. 3aCeBaJJ 4 )J;ecm 1111 sr, a peHLLOBbl Ban eCHO xccuue )TO)lbH. Sp,n nn-aruoro JH1Mbl )J,n<JHII,[HICKOro ,ll.CllJ,ilH<J Ubl.D.eH Ba.M- 11111101> II MCI 150 ,rrowa;r,ei'l, 90 rO.)']08 l,pynlWfO por arcru cxora, 420 oneu I [ 1<03, 7 J l\eOITJ1 H)' cenoxoc a, aa ccna.t 10 neCI'lTl1lT. 0 H ua HI,). ~HI .. 'I 11<1 pa60TY 2 rO.D.OBb1X, 3 CPOKOBbLX pa.flOHLIIKOI>, sa ["O.:.tII.pOni:l.[1 20 rO.,l013 6Ul1\OB. V.OpOH, Jlou.laLLetr, 10 l1}.'.[OB WepCHI. [JarH1AY c T.:lKII MIl I.n,1 Jlll, II OeCC[(OTH we )(03 fliicTB <:I. H a [J P II Mep, UbJ;r:eH n 3HCyPYIIOB (ce \1 h51 3 'IeJlOBeK a) lJO'I{<l3 bTB,'lJl: «KOpOBbI n anu .• n 0 ill a11b n a.~ a- 1-10 Il ux JIr' 3 n I:lOll,IIJ])'. Ha HnMlJ5ICb H 60['3 L[~1 M. OH aa p 2 6;JTbrn;:I.~ aa 1'0 'I 50 P y 6,IT1211. Barv P:'I M n nnon TO)I{C ne H M e.11 CI\OT,I II 1-1 a Ce1l1blO 11 8 '1e,;IC1!e;.; n ron 38 p a 6aTbLS a.n 40 p y6JJei'r.

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-47-

ITPHME4AHH5I

1. BOft\8HOIl M, H. Olfeplm ncropuu GYP!lT-MOIII-OJlhCKOnJ II apo.aa. Bepxue-

Yll)!IICK,1926, c. 74-75, 215-216.

2. Hcropus BypJIT-MolirOilbCliOil Acep. 1. I, Ymlll'YJ1:3, 1954, 3. 3anJHlH,t{ E. M. ITpJlCOeJl.HHeJ-lI'C E'YpflTI1I'1 I{ PaceHII. YJI311-Y1l3, 4. KY,'lPIl6Uell <1>. A. HCTOllll~ 6yp~T-MOlrrOJlbC1Wru H apcns (OT

50·x rO,lJ,OB XIX B.l. O'lepKII. M.-JT., 1940, c. 108-109.

5. TaM }J{e, c. I JO.

6. 3a,1KIIlID, E.M. YK3a. COY., c. Hm.

7. TaM :me. c. 169-171.

B. HAPE, !jJ. 2, orr. 1, it. 84, II. 53 9. I-IAPE, !jJ. 2, on. I, il- 172, ;1. fi I. 10. TaM »ce, il.- 1BOO, ,'f. 41.

II. HAPE, rp. 2, on. I, A. 19-42, ,'l.T. <II, 48. 12 TaM iKe, ,'1. 53.

13: TaM Me, II. 170.

14. TaM me, 11. 957, .~. 40.

15. TaM }Ke, it 1087, .'T. 41, Hi. Ta~1 1KC, it. 1343, .'1. 3-,1.

17. T<lM xce, it. 1512, JI. 80,

18. TaM Me, .ll" Isri(i, Jl. 10.

19. TaM Me, n, 788, .11. 52.

20. TaM )l(e, II. 1831, ,'T. 2.

21. Baryeaa H. B. 13YPIlTbI Ii" ]ly6e}Ke XIX-XX I;CKOB_

c. 61-62.

22. J(y.tl.flRBUeB <1>. A. Y1G13. CO'I. c. 152.

23. 3aJIKHHJl E. M. Yli<13_ l'l)'I, C. 2 I 4-215.

24. HAPB, tlJ. 2, Oil, I, n. Jl18, Jr. 50.

25. TaM me, )l. 1512, .'1. 125.

26. MaTepflanLI !(,OMI'ICClIlI KYJlU'~~IlHa, asrn. 3, c. 3401-345, 362-363.

27. TaM iKe, c. 344--365.

28. Ubl51lIWB r. ll. H36pallHble upcuauenenna, T. 2, Hoaocuti., 1981. c. 222,

125

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-48-

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Yn,e B nepaou nOJTOBl-IHC. X1X aexa seMJJC)l,emle y CeJlel-fr~-{cKHX 6ypf.l T H.3 q U 1-1 aCT" 3 all II M a Tb AOIlO;U,HO 60.TIbWOe MeCTO B xoaaacree. B CeJlel:irlIHCKOM He)lOMCTBe B j 831 rony rinouians noceua )J,OCTHrml 4351,25 lleC5IT II IIbT, npIlQeM il3 HIIX .rrIJWh 607,5 ,ll.eOlTIIH 3a~eBfl.lJOCb COQCTBel:lHbfMH cexeuavu, a ocramnrsre 3745~K!flThIMTJ B:1aI1Mbl, uo· BHiJJ'IMOMY, WI xneooaarracnux Mara31IrroB.~

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1865 rony no .n.aHHblM Cenenrnucxof CTel1HOH .n.YMbI 12:.:159 )l,ym

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-49-

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B BTOT nepuon B 3"o~IT'iI<a.llhe rOCn()rrC'l'flOBaJ1~l 06Ul1flllltlfl I!JOIHl:T B,rran.enn" geM nefi unoponna M 11 II PYCCl{lllMlI l<peCTbfl IHIMl'I, n pn IWTOpoJi 0H11 rjJa I{Tl! uecxu nOJlb30B;],'TlICb T{8 K co6CTselinOCTbJO ycaactiIIblMIl, nilXOnlhJMIT 11 CeTlOKO('TJbIMA yro.nblTMIT, ll[1HtJeM CYlllCCTBOBH,n:l 3:JXBilTllcHT nOJllIO[11l0-1IilC',lleJICTBeHIHHI (j)()[JMtl 13.JJil}'tf'TTII5l seMJ}elL12

TIo !l<lnllbIM IWMIfCClfll l\Y,11 OM 3 urrn J3 189'1 rony nuoponuu Ce.I1C'IIrIrlICI{OT'n orq1yrn n 1{QJIII'reC1Be 8521 XO:Hli1CTB~1 c AaCCJICHllPM 22770 Qe,I1OBeK rl)wnC'Jlll M51TIWi,j naumeii 2292R.6 JI('l'~ll'nllb', n TOM nncne T\'llH'l'Ihi x Ilill"llblx-8GOn,2 ::!:-t X[-I;ITl-loii-144241,l }1('OlTtlllbl. ! 484 )(0- :inlk·lll<l. (,OCTlIII,,'I>IJOlIlIW 17,4 1l110l.te1lT<I OT orituero 1(n..lllf'leC')'S8 He Ir\H~.~II 11f1"fll(On aananncn CpeJJ.II IIMeIOTJUIX aannun.n 11 Cpt'H.I-ICM n a C1}1II0 .x03Hllc·TlJf) npuxnnn.nocr 3.4 llC:'C'flTI!HrJl.

TDKlIM OOP:IJOM. on.Tlhllfl11Il'TB(J .x(3)1Mntl \'CJll'lITIIIJ{,hJlX oYPITT K 1<OIIIlY xrx 1-1('1,,(1 ,Hllln\lil.fIOCh -l('M.ICLI,l'.iIIJC'M. 0, rrul1lToI"r 1C]JIIll[IOii I'ym.Typuii, lI.J~.1IJJlJefl ltiJlIUUJICe YCTOJl'lflllLlti 11 L'Lljlall1'JlpOl3illlHbJi! ypo

-51-

R{f] ii. flBMIJl act> ~ pOBaH pm!{b. B arux }!{e x03Sl1'.icTBaX a 189r r011:Y JlO;I{blO sac '11~IO ] 0122,$ necaruasr. oBeoM-2549,8, HPOBOii J11lI~HTI1J.eI1 -970.~, ll'IMeHCM 897,6 .lleClITllTIb1.31

Ll,allflble 110 aeM.!JCl1eJl II I 1 l\LJS'U(OB-lIIlOpO)\u.el CeJTeII nmcxore H TPOIIUlW\,:l BC1\()i'O UKI yrOB. r.c, OCIIOBHOil '-laCTlI cenenruucrcnx GY1?1I'1"J\;U(l[\Of:I, no nel)('1I11CII 1897 rona ilbll'JlHlU1T c.ne!l),fOlll,HM 06p8301>l.

Bccro xo:u[ikTB fibl./JO 411 J c llaCeJleHHeM 10650 'leJlr)]leK. Ourt

I3JI<H{e,J]TI Iv'llrlmi'l IHlllIHCi"i B p<J3Mcpe 14460,3 necarurrsr, B TOM sncne nyureau x n a eBbl x 5875,3, 3axnHTHO 1"1----<8324,6 J\ecflTliIJ hI. X03Hi'!CTI3, coneputeuuo He II MeKHUHX sarranrxrr, 6b1J1O 558, r.e, 13,6 npo.L(CHTB. Ha O)l110 «aaa uxoe X03f1 I1C1'BO, JlMelOlllee aan a 1J1Rll, n PHXO)lIlJl0Cb n Cpe,I:LUeM 60Jlee 4 necsrruu.

B 1897 rony 6YPSITCIOIe «aaanxue xoaniicrna 3 acean II PO}KbIO

5748 necsrua, flPOBOi'! J1wellHueTr-1136,8, oBcoM-;1314,4, fl4MeHeM -172,9.ll€CHTlIIILL

TIpfwelleHHble nunuue nOK<l3bIB.IJOT, 'lTO 6YP5ITCJ{,I1C! 1(a33KrJ no cpaanerrtno C Hel{a3aKaMII B GOJlbWel1 CT€lleHII 3rJmrM<tJIi'lCb aexnen.emleA'l. 3.l1.eCb HeCKOJlbKO 13brWe npoueur x03f!fICTB, HMerOIIJ.TIX sa; n aurmt, J[ cpe,ll,I-lfJi"r p aauep ee na OJUIO X03fllkTBo,

CeJleHflJHcT{JJe 6yp nTbI rra p5l1l.Y co CKOTOBOtlCTBOM II 3eMJleAeJlHl? M 3::lHUM3J1HCb H pa3Jlll'JI-lblMIT rrpOMhICJJ3MH: OXOTOU, PblOHOM J10BJIefr, 3'n01'OBKOfl opcxon, sron 113rOTOBJleHl']e M ner-rs H lI,r>yrnM H noncooIIhIM'" ~<lllRTlHIMU-1I3D030M, TI,1]OTHlIur<oir. CTOJHlpHOfr, KyaHe'lHOil H n,pyrllMlI pa60TaMfr, anrorouxoii II cn/IQBOM CTPOIlTl'Jll,HOro .neca, ,'If)QB II T.lI,.

OIHI n,U1C1BJla fib[.~Il rr3I1e.t'l'Hbl J<,IT, IlCl\yl'Hbl M;Jnepa-I1.~OTITIII\ll,

CTO.'Hl[1 bl. KY'H[eUhl. rTepBfu' H I')YI1R rur: !t<lIlHllbl If It[1yrH~ Ky.nhTOHIM' COOPY/KCIIIIl1, I1BIlBllllTCCH 3:1Melr;lTe,.'IbllbIMIi naMHTlllllUlM11 6y]J51Tcxoro H<1U110H<J,']bIlOrn 30)l1JeCTI1<1, C(]Op),/l,el-lhr IIX PYI(,<lMII.

n:el~il6pHCT H. A. Bee I'Yil,eB IllI,'i:JJI, '-I ro «fj~iPHT-n.rlUTII[JI' 11

HY31IeU. II CTOJHlp. II paOOTI1!1K y I-I,IC, Jl 11;1.'\;1111>, II koceu, Bes IIIIX fib!"~ 0 6bI JlIeCb [MOXO. BC5I MeOe,i] h Ill! CB ]lODe!"1 n{llii M.:l nep B H Q IIleM ,lOMe Ile,i]aH~1 f.iypHTalvHI, 11,01\11 nccrpoen IIMII, y 6pa'l'(] Moero OHiI .'leJI a lOT 31< 1111 a"KII, y cecrp b1 cj:Hll{TOTYM ucex ce X0351llel'BC'I-1 HblX )l{e.iannf II nO,llCJ10]{, riacryx H,uu-----J6ypwr no IlMellH HpIlbTHeti. Bee 3Cl](;t:lLl no nacm rrecnoii: 6peBH<1, tJ,OC xu , 1l.jlOsa DllIT I1bl1I0,nnmOT»,14

MaCTepOBble 6YPHTbl ue orpautnurnanuc], nsmnnuenrrev nonp nmrux ITJJOT'rlffUIUlX, C"TOJlllPHhIX paficr y {'e6f! B OI{PYTe, lIO rr Bbre3}K a JIll lI,aJlel{O aa rrpencnu PO,llHbTX MeeT.

B monc 1880 rO,llbJ 6YfHITbi l-ro Arnr auona P 0/1; a Cv Llupenon, TIl. Llsrnenoa, B. rap M aes II APYl'lIe, scero 8 -renonex. 11 i-ro Taf'ialirYTCRoro, 2-ro Ar aranoaa II npyrnx POAOS, scero B KOJ1Wl.eC:rBe 53 'leJJOm~l<, H a IIHJT HCb ,llJl H «IJPOH3~O.llCTBa I1JJOTH Ii 'lb!iX u eTOJI H-P Ifbl x

-52-

paOOT» B Bopmeucxou BllHOK.ypellHoM 3aBOD,e, Haxo,uHlUHMC51 n Hcp , TranCKOM oxpyre II npllHt!,llJJelKameM HC'P'lIlIlCKOMY I rJlJlb1l,1I11 xynny l\'t 11. Byruay «no 32 py6, B MeC5llJ. J(a)K/IOMY».

B anpene 1881 rona 6ypRTbl T-iPplllcKo-Xnp:1HYTcJ(oro, Arar anouu I[ npyrnx pOn,OB B KOJIHyeCTBe 25 lIe.1JOUel( 1!<lIUIJlIlCb na pa60TY <(1I~ peuuoe na POXOLICTBO» Kaxrnucxoro rta poxon aoro TOB<I p lIl1I,eCTBlJ.

B H10JTe l881 roua OYPHTbl ByM~IJI- O1'OJlbCKOrO II npyrnx pnJ~ou

H. Il aurenu.aos. Tl. Ubl.llbInOI3, M. MYI-IJIYKYHOB II ,uf'l. II au A,lIfll'l> «11:.'111 npOH3BOtlCTB8 H3 nJTOTI:IH1IHbJe p<160Thl H a IlHOBb YCTpa lIB a 10LlLCMt: IT I, PCCTMIJ--Il!lTa cynue na Gepery B8 i'll, <l JI- MOp II 11<1 COOCHleH 110M [0}1C")I il<H!f1HJ sa 11,eHy rOl}J(llOMY ITO 30 flYf"i. cepe6poM:I>.

B srnnape 18B! rona f.iYPllTE>1 I-ra 4epnopYJJ,crwro, 1 ro Cencnruncxo-Xapanyrcxoro If 5i10,1i1-XopYMlJneIlCKOro POADB 3al{~I()tTHJlIT xonrp axr c .uoBerel-JI-lhfM11 6ypSTT Ar-uucxnro 13ellOMCTlJa «H8 nor-rpofiRY rpexvraxcnoro ArllI1C!{OfC) nonoro }l)'lll(IHil» 33 15400 py6J1eiLl5

110 .uaHHbTM lR97 rona 3046 X03111lCTB re.!JeHrFfHCIUlX 6YPHT, T.e. 35,7 rtpnuetrra scex X03flHCTB, 3HHHMaJHICb MeCTHbTMli rrpOMblCJJaMH, 1572 XO:lf!HC1'B<l-pa3JJII'lI-IhlMH pevecnauu, 3aMeTHo MeHbTUB]1 YJJ.e· .lIbHbll'l Bee 'lBHHM,<'i,lln npOMblCJlbl H peMeCJI8 B xosaacraax xasaxon. T ax, H3 ee.~(>fIrr-rHC1{IIX 1< a3aJ(QIl IIMl'T 3aJ-Il-l M<lJTHCb COOl'BeTCTBel:lHO 720 II 502 X035dICTBn, l'pOmmOCaBcKflx-268 11 308,

K npOMbICJI<J M OT"OCII.~ HCr, 3BE'POJlOBCTRO, PbIOOJIOBCTBO, H3B03, .necrrue TIflOMLIC,TILL

OXOTof! aaunua . .IJI'fCb re cenem-nnuu. I<OTOpbJe npO)KJ{BaJlH 13o.rlTlan ,neCTIbIX, l'flf'}KHbIX MaCCHaOB (OTpONI XaT\otap-LJ,a6aga), B ,uOJiHH2X pex, [lp1l'-leM 31'0 f1BJlH,ITOCh 3aHHTHeM TOJlbKO He3H8tHneJ)bHOn Ila'TH XQ3Hel3. D,ODO.rTI>I10 cnm.no CK;a3bIB8.l]ClI na snromx aanper 6y.ll).TIIfrr.rmtr pe.rryfllil ITa scaxoe y6nikTBo morioro )l{HBOrO cymecrsa. J[a II F1enpOCTbrM ,I:LeJIOM 6&I.T1O nocrana'rt, B TO apevs He06xonHMhiC cpepCTBa-OXOT1HI'T.h1'l CI-I 3 jlf!}I,IIf1, OOenpIHT2CbI It r.n.

I'aanuu M!I OOueHT<l MI; OXOTbl H B.IU1JlfICb OeJlRH, aafimr, KOCYJIlI. no.axn, J1!1CllU 1.1. C060JI s. Illxyp bT aaepefi uerccrnpste ynoTpe6JHI,~ If ca Mil 1l.MI Wl-lT[,11 O,I:Le)l{JlbJ. 1-10 B OellO_BHOM n pozra Ba,THlCb BepXHeY)lH J1- CKln'l, Ce.rr€HrJlI-lCK}j M, 1<51 xrnncxn 1;1, n raxnce ,uPYfHM npHe3}I01RlITlfM xynua M. OXOTI!.III!Ch T a IOl<e H a ,llHtJb, B OClIOBlIOM IUl YTO){ TI ryceri.

o pucnpocrp anennocru OXOTbI cpen n CeJIenT'HnCI(JfX tiypnr MO}f{- 110 CY}1llTb no .uaHHblM 1,OMHCCHH KYJIOM3HHa. Cpenu f(Oq€SblX HHOponues Ceaenrnncxoro okpyra 3aHHM2JIOCh 3BepOJI0T3CTTlOM 1037 xolHflcTB ([13 oeruero qHeJ12 8521 X03HHf'TBCl), Ka3aKOB·IIHopOAu.eB 1'0- ro }Ke OKpyHI ncero 33 xO:::l5n"!cTBa lI3 2442, a n TPOITU,KOC2BCI<OM 01(pyre-52 1'13 1669 X03Hl"ICTB IW33KOB.16

o p aaraep ax .D.06b[[IT1 3Be_pe11 cl3HAeTeJlbcTBYIOT cnen vtoinne ,llaBHble. B l!JOB rony 6YPHThI TOJIh'KO CeJJeHTHHCKOH 60JIO-CTH ,llOObfJlH

-503--

60 co6oJIeil. 1000 6e.noR, 5 nncan, 10 ROJII{QB. 2 PbICR, B 1910 rozry - J 9 co6oJIei1, 6047 fieJ1OJ{, 54 JIHCl1ltbl, 21 BO.nRa Ii 12 psrce a, 13 1912 rOHy-28 cooo.lIeH. 1590 OeJIOK, 24 JIRCJTIJ.bl, 5 HOJIKOn Jj 3 pbJCH. COOOJlb nponaaancn npHMepno aa 40 py6J1efi.17

PbTOOJIOBCTBOM 38HlIMa.llHCb no pexan Ceaenre, qHKolO, )1>KHne, TeMllHKY, Oponroio H .npyrHM, Ha osepe fYCHHOM. B pexax JIOBH.rni TaHMeH5I, JH.'HKOB, HaJHIMOB, QaCTI1l(]JQ OMYJ151 H xapnyca. B fYCHIlOM o3epe~IUYK, oKYI-leH. copory, lJaCTFPJHO f13H. PblOOJlOBCTBO Y CeJIb"tJaH ObJ.10 pnsurrro cnaoee, 'TeM OXOT8. B03MOIIUIO, 3TO t[3CTH'IHO 06'b51CmTJ]OCb TeM, 'ITO BbTXO..nUbJ na MOnrOJlbC'R!'IX PO,ll,OB no CTap!{HHbTM OOb! '13 "Iv! 6b1JHf paunonyuinu K pulfle K8R ene, a 'fa KiRe TeM, lJTO 1l fHlcC'MaT1HIB3eMOM pajinne ObfJlO MaJlO BOlloeMOB C pbr611b1MH aarracaxn. no TeM )Re ]l3RRbTM 1897 ron a phJ60,TJOBCTBOM, R3K npoauc.110M 3aHHMC1.10Cb TOJ]b'KO 480 X03H~!CTB I{O"1eBfdX HHopO)luen. 12 xo- 3HiiCTB K3 aa KOB CeJleHTHHC(WTO oxpyr a n acero 2 X031l ikTB a TpOBUI(O('8BOr{HX K333r{,OB.

3aMeTiiO 60Jlhmec paannrne nonYlJli.r1Jl necusre npOMblCJlhl. OcooeliHo norry.nnpnuuu tl3 lIUX ObWH 3arOTOBT{;] Re,ll,poBOrO opexa, 6pycnuxu. Taxxce 3ClI:IHMaMIC'h 1I3TOTOBJrelIIIeM nerrn. H3n£'.~!1H H3 Gepec' ThT, 3aI'oTOBROrl JlCC8 )l.rlfl C'TpOH1'eJ1bCTR<1 llOMOS, ]1)H! ll[JOB. no nanBhlM 1897 rona JreCllbTMrT npOMl>ICJl8;\.fn 3RmIM!I.iHICh 952 xO:lI1MCTBC1 T{04eBhTX nnoponuea. 103 X0351Il:CTBa CeJJCHrlmeKHX, 68 X03fl('CTB TpOIlInmCaBCKIiX Ka3aKOB.

Enre oo.lIhlflee pa cnpocrp aneu He Il Me.n 1'3 T<OI~1 BnIl n r(1MhTC.1TOR IGI K H3B03-IIM 33 11IlM '1.1JIlCb lOt 4 X03f1HCTB !WlJeBbIX HHopoJJ.lleB, 453 ce.nenruncxnx, 135 rpomnrocancnnx J{33aKOBlfI

B nepnue roJJ.hl XX nexa npononacanocs pa3BIITHe 3eMJJe'!{eJJIUJ R ITrOMblC,'JOB cpearr CeJ1C1ITHHC!(I!X fiYP5TT. Harimonanacs 'l'eHn:eHl.um 60Jlee 33MeTHoro ncsopora K aanarnxe H nocenau sepnoaux KYJJbTYP,

rlPHMElJAT-1H51

I. TIIYlIKOII 8.1L Osepxn no HCTOPUB 3eM.~elle,nnll CT!6npn XVII BI'Kn. M .. 1956, e. 20.

2. lliYHKOB B. Ii. K [ICTOplm SeMJ1e,11emHI 6ypflTflH. 3aml('J<l1 lJyplrr-MoHroJlb-

CKO!'O Ha:Y'IlI[J-lICCJle,ll,OaaTCJlbCK01'O IlfiCTIfTYTa KYJlbTYllbl. BbII·1. XXV, ·Y ,lfJlI-Y ,,3, 1958. c. 37-38.

3. 3aJrKM.HiJ; E. M. 06meCTBeliliblii crp"ii 6YPHl IJ XVITI-nI'IIIwil 11lJ.'InllIlIW XIX D. M., 1970, c. 31.

4. 3a,n!\liHiC r,M. rlllll'''<'J\lIlrCIlII EYI'fll'llll I, P<!CCIIU, Y.'Wll YAJ, ID5R, c. 204 Fi, T~M ,1\1'. c, 20(i.

n, T~M /1((', c. 20fi.

7 llAPo, rl,. 2, Oil. r. 11. 39;19, JI. 85. 8, IIAP6. (11. 2. 011. 2, 11. G76, n, 7.

9. Il('l{,16pIICTbl () 6YPHTllIl. C"ilTI,JI, O'JeIlIi.Jl, nUChM;:]. ;YJI1I1l-¥.I13, 1\J7[i, r, 59.

J O. IlAPl), Il', :l, urr, :l, .u,. ru 17, ,I. ·l~.

-M-

11. rOM6oeB n. Ill. MeJIrJopaTHBublH OIl!.!" npensoa, «ITpaBj,w EiYPHTI~jH>, 1992, 10 Map'T~ .

12. fOMoueu n. ill 3cMe.Thlible OTTIOIDCHHll B BYPfl1'Hlr. YJI3J1-Ym, 1988, c.23-28.

1.1. MaTcplIa:rLI IWMIlCC11T1 KYj1OM3111i3. C!lB, 1898 ssm. 3 c 340 348-349

351-357. ' ",' ,

14. )J.CK1l6pIlCThl 0 Iiypsruu. c. 59-6U,

l~. l!CTOPIUl 13YJ1fl'r-Mul:u'UJ]hC;((ji'l ACep, T. I, 113A. 2, ~""'lalJ-Yj(3, 1954, c. 309.

16. M;neplHl.'lbl lW~llICCIIII l":'Y.'ltJM::lIIIIU. HbJIl. 3, c, :l~G-a57. :371-375.

17. Xruuaca IT, T. OKTllOJ1bCI(~1I C()lJ,lln.TlHCTllQeCKafl IlCBomOUl1fl H rpfl1K,!IaJICKaa

n"OIW [J t:iYPflTllll. :I',1.au-Y,ll,3, 19Ii'l. c. 54,

18. /Vl;ncplHl.nbl IWMHCCliti KyJIOM:lHIIil, c. 374-375.

PAcnrOCTPAHEHIl.E JlAMAI13MA

)K1!311 b cenen nII I CI{I]X 6yp liT HLI UPOTHi!(eIII!l1 UOJlee ,ll.BYX CTO,leTIIM tlhl,ILI recno CBH3<JHLI C 6Y)l.lIlIiJcI<oiI pCJlIlrl1el1.

BYJUllJiil'I<aH peJHlrrJ5I lj (pOJ1Me J1aMaJ.l3Ma rJo.rry'lIIJ13 p acnpor-rp n- 11 eunc cpenu C'CJ]l~HrF! uc I{(I X 6y [111T l: XVII nexa. l-l uno nOJL<I r a'rs, LITO HOl'f1TeJII1MII ee HBHJIIiCb rre[HlOH;JQ3J1bHO Bblwe.L1.Wlle 113 i\i\OllrO.nJ111 npeACT<JBIITC.m[ POn.OIl T<lO<lTTrYTOB, uonro.aos. 8T<:11',illOB, ,'WT<II'JIIIIW, Bnoaue lJ03MOI[{fIO. LlTO MrTOrlle 113 HllX nep€'ce.'II1.)1I1Cb !-Ia l'OEll)CMeH uyro TCPpl!TUpmo5ypsrJ'lI!l Y)j{e GYAYlJll IljH!BCjJ)!{CHUDMfI JHlM3IJ3M:L

By nAII3 M. UOH HI1RW fll'ic~l 13 1 ThICH'leJI ern U J.l.a II aurert ZIp bl B II 11- 1l11U, B VII uexe aaiueri 3jlbl rrpouux B Tu6eT, OTCIOJl,3 A XVlXVII BCK,a.X paClJpOCTpa1ll1JlC5I R MOHfOJIHH. B. 6apa).I,I!H C4I1T<lCT. '110 MOlJI'OJlb! 6blJHI 3HI.1KOMh! C 6YA,UTl3MOM euie npn -luuruc-xanc.

l Iepuue Jl3.l::!H.bIC 0 JI:IM 3:': .ll GYPflTIHI OTHOC!lTC5I K 1647 l'OIl) ,

1\0 r,ll. a l\OJleCHIlI(oB runner 0 npe.ilMeT<lX M1MallCTClwro l<y.llr.Tll y TypyxaH Tariyuu. B 1653 rony Ilcrp B KerOB nncan 0 cJlYtl\6e raM 1,1 n CHIB1{e d\y#IITYUHII<l uapeRIIlI(J».1 Hal~aJIOM pacnpocrpaueuua 6YA)l,1l3Ma cpenn 6YJ1l1T B. Gap<JIUlH ClJii1'3eT [712 ron, KOrlLa K H.JtIl'IT1pllfj bl.lJ II 150 Tl!6eTC]{lIX J1" M, npononcnnaxos GYA.lI113 M :1.2 B ,1e1'OntJ CII JJoMfioll,hlpeIlO'Ba 0 CeJleH[lfIlCIWX tiyparax rOBOpIlTCf! 050 TIIOeTl'I{.11X H 100 M~ilrO.TlbCI(I!X JWM<lX. Oun paauepnynn (:BOI() )l,esrre.llbJlOC'fh cpc;UI 3aO<ll!IWJ!bCKH)(, 13 TOM LJNCJle ceneurnneknx fiYPllT,

Flepa blM]i 13 6YPflHIII fiYJl.nlItiCKUMll )IaIJ,aml M II ~TB llJ11I Cb or: 110 IJil11- usre B 1741 rony cpenn CeJJeHfllHCI"ITX 6yp5l1' UQf:!T(J.llhCIHIH Jl,flll,an II l(aMoalm xypen (Xa M6bll! XYP3) -IIITOCJlell.C1 Billi Fycunooaepcxnn JT.JI~iHl, liMelOTCJl ynOMJIH8111111 0 TOM, LITO ca[J1'yJJbl cute n J7()7 ro)I,Y !1M enn C130H nyr an (tJ:lCOBH!O). OCllOB<lTeJH:lM rI nep 1301'0 UbIJl.I Ar Ball Ilyncy« fJ .L!.aMoa-)10p)I\II 3~5TrWH (3af!eB), csra uouronscuorc KH 113 n (I , ncayunstu Illi 60rOC1I'OBC!<oe 06p a30Ba uue r:l TI'lOeTe. OCHoBaTeJIeM Fycnuooacpcxoro .1lall,8Ila npHHH1'O cnnra're MorrrO,11bC]<orOJlaMy A.xaJl)l,af!, npuxo-resnaurero CIO)la B 1738 rony 11 nocrpcaaruero

3,1l;eCb nepayro KYMIiPlllO B 1741 rO)l.y,3 Ha nepnstx nopax 51TH na. uanu pasaemaaacs B BoilJI01ffihlX ioprax H 5b1n1f KOlleBhlMJI.4

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174 ( ron, ron OCHOSaHJH! n33BaRHblX asune .uan,anOB, cran rO)l..OM oq_lHIl,l1a.IIhHorO lIpH3I-l 8 11IHI U8 pCKlI M rrpallIITeJlbCTBOM Poccun GYAJ1,1! n· CliOf! penarua B 5y psrnm. 11 j;mep arpnua EJlH3 a aera TIeT pOSH a yrnep.uIlJJ8 UlTaT 150 .naer, ocnoriozutaa II,\; 01' H<1JI0rOB ~l no.n.aTeH.5 B 50-x ronax XVIII sexa B MeCTHOCTH YHJl,3P UJOXOH t-I8 np anoa 6epery pexn TeMHHK B BOHJIOqHOM nyraae H~lLJ.aJl.H MOJle6cTBIIH, ncxope TaM UOCTPOHJlH .n.epeB~HHwA n8U8H.

YqaCTBOBaBllIUrr B 1767 rony na cOBemaI1lInB}.IlocKse penurnoaH 1,1 X ,rr:eslTeJfeir yrrOM51HYTblM asuue 3 cHIThIH .Il.OI{Jl anunan tiM rreparpuIll: EI(,8TepHHe It 0 cBoeii nOC3J].Ke nepea MOHrO .. UJllO II Kuraii B TII()~'T, lJO>JlY1lHJI ee nucouaruuee (j.r]3rOCJIonellIlC II 6WJI YTBep>l<.ueH B AOJ}}IWOCTH rJlaBIIOrO 6.aHnH,1I,0-.lWM6bI JIaMaHCTcKoij PCJlHl'HH 6YPHrun, 3aSaCJIyrH B pacnpocrpauenaa JJaMa1I3Ma B COOTBeTCTBIHl C PYCCl{HM 3aI(OHo.uaTeJIbCTBOM Ol::l 6hlJl y,[(OCTOHH annpeeacxoro o p.u c I-I a C rOJJy6ofi wel1FIOH JIeHToi1.

Flocae caepra 3a5IfhlHa 6aH.Il.ll.AO-XaM60 JlaMOH CTaJI ero nJJeMHI1- IlIlK X3T9PX3HH COJ].HOMnl1J1. B 9TO npeMH B UOHro.l1bCKHH H 60.'1- Jl,OMOPCKHH nauaau 6bl.~11 npnaeaeuu H3 l\HTaH l:fepe3 !\JlXTHHCKYlO T8MO/KHIO orrreaaranaae na TH6eTCKOM ~3bIJ{e 10Ma I'aaacyp a=-can[IlCtLHOro nHcaHIU( 6YAJVIIIC]{Oll peanruu. EWCTpO cosnaaaaucs cpenu CeJTeH1'HnCKHX 6yp HT HOBble zrauan u: 11.1..1 pecryacsua, Vll!eTyl~lcrul II, By praJIT8i1cKI1H, Aua i.fcKufl, 3 arycra liCKHH, KH peTcKHH.

B 1770 rony B 3HaKnporecTa rrporus nparecnennji npannrenef )].3uaHOB 35 HH3WHX qHIlOB JlaM non PYKOBO)].CTBOM Llonronucsoro J1a MbI B2JI,1UI H-L(aIIJR COnfOpJlI1Ha OTKa3DJlHCh 01' csoeii sep u H nepeiunn B npaDOCJIaBHe. B ::ITOrl 06CTanOBKe 5 ,il,auaHOB [10 nesoa CTO' pone Ce.rreHfl1- I'ycanooaepcxaa, ,UblpecTyH.CKHH, il'ICTyt"ICI{lIH, EypI'<IJlTaiicKHii, AuaikIUlH-BbWlJlII [13 no.uqJHICHII51 XcJT3PX3H, 6/;l1fAH.ll.0- xaM60H JfaMoil CTaJI Axaanaa.

C 1783 rOJ1,a B 3a6aUKaJlbe CTaJlO ABa ae3aSI-ICHMWX xaM60-Jl8-

Mbl, U.eHTPOM .Il.auaHOB no JIeaoh CTOpOl-Ie Ceneuru CTaJ! [YClIHOO'

3epCKHH. AaIl,aH. BypaJITaHcKHM nauan nepeexan .B I'srsryn H CTllJ! llMCHOBaTbCH rafaryHcKHM. OT Anaaonoro AallaHa OT)l,eJlHJlCH II 00- r><l30BaJICH ca MOCTOJneJfbJlbI rr 3arycTai1cI<HH. nauan. DblJII1 rTOCTPOCHbl nauanst B Hpo, 5hrra)f IJHe. Cpenu ITpHxO}l{aH Fycancoaepcxoro, )lblpecTyikK,oro, Aaaacxoro J].3uaHOB HapHAY C auxonuaun 113 MOHronnn 6hlJlO TalUKe MHOrO IIOTOMl<OB 6ynaraToB, 5hrra)JomCKoro, Hpoacxoro nauauoa=-npenct aaarena J'aaayrcxoro pO)].<1, nOTOMKOB XOPHA05L

ITo YI,a3aUl:LlO aapcsoro rrp8BHTeJlbCTBa B lBIO tony C l.I,eJIbTO

rronsnnenas pOJII1 JI3M3rrCTCKOR peJHl.rllH 6hIJlO npH3HaHO meJlineJIbHblM HMeTb ozmcro X3M6o-JlaMY, lWTOPbIM cran EIllIl-)KaMcblH L(aHaau.I'aaaa.e Pesuacaunea ero CTaJl rYCllH003epCKHH nauau,

-56-

,.aCHT .rIbJlOCTb JI.arraHOB U .flaM B Eyprrtnu ,XOTfl H 6b[Jla oqnruu- 3JIbl-IO np1I3J12H(] L(apCKHM TIp<lBIITe.'1bCTBOM, npOXO,'l,HJJ3 B nporuuooopCTse C Jl:p yr 11 M H pea aruoauu Mit 1(0 !:I(P 1:1: C 11 flM'lI-fl P a'BOCJIa EHeM, 1{8TIlJlH tJeCTBOM, waMaHCTBOM. ITo Yl{83 y II M J]CP <ITOp <-I II <J M OHrOJlbcKnil H3blK 6bJ.TlO nepeaeneuo Eaaure.ane, nepeB01l411KH xo roporo

IIpe)].CTaBIITe.1l11 XOPlIlICKllX !{,perneHHbL\. 6Yp51T nOJ1yLJIIJJIl 30JlO1'hle

Mell.allli. B p a HOHe Cenenr-nnc «a c 1819 ro.aa 060{:HonaJIIiCb Tp II 3 H rmrH('J{HX M uccnonep a !{ aTOJ1114eClw(r pen u r 11[1. O}lH3l<O acxcpe Q}I11 6blMI HblHYiK)l,el::!bl orcrcaa yeX3Th. He xoreno cn a aa'rs CBOH noannun rOCnOll,CTBoB aauiee .1l1eCb no sroro llJ3M a ucrao.?

Onnaxo B 60Pboe C apyrnuu pc.~rlrrH1MT1 MIMaliOiM CYMCJl Bbll1TII no6elll1Te,'leM. flo 3TOMY nnaony 5. Bap[JlI.HH nucan: -Pyccxoe MLlCcIIOHepCT[lO, fl pll co.uei1cTl:HI [I accc 1I .. 'ib'lIoii B,n al.:"I'Il, J3 resenue nOTTTIl uenoro Be K<I 3!1elJ ruuao p 3 60r3,1}0, 4T06bl Tl KOP IHo y 11 fI IITOilOITb JT 3- MLlIJ3M cpcnn 6y P flT I[ 1-1<3 C(:l)1fITb BM ecrn Hera 11 p a BOCJI a sue, IT pH6e-

r an -racro l{ iH.eeTI{lIM McpaM uacu.nua. 1\a33.1IOCb, 'ITO GYPHTbl f10Ll. .IJ.<lBJTeHIIN.l HeUblTIOCIIMbTX ronermn, peupeccua ,[OJJ)I(Hbl 6blJlll noxojlllThC ~ cYD:b6e 11 C)l,eJHIThOl n pa noc.na nnu M na PO.ll.OM. 1-10 113 zrenc IIO.'IY'lIl.fIO('h couep urenuo 06 p arnoe. 1-111 IM8l'JTb, Hll )].CH bttr-He (10- MOJ'Jl n JIe,IJY n pa BOCMI Sri 010 M ucei fOHCpCTU3. B peayaurare l1el{QBor"1 60Pb6 bl ycnex M ucc IfOHe pcra a OI{<na.nCll seCbM,1 C1< p0Cl111_bJ M, a ,n a' M:1I1~M ycne,n OB,1a.u:eTb YMaM)1 6YPHT».8

B 6QPb6e )l\e npOTHU IlIaMaITII3M;J .rWMaJl3M rTJ10BO,nIi~~ T'UO!ryIO

1'BI\TII~y: He CTpCMHTbOI I( paspyiueumo peM1TIiOOTIblX Tpa.u:HI~I-rfr 1-1<1- pOIl.a Ii ne ()Cl<P0611HTb peaurnoauoro qyBcTBa ero, a y.ai.Hr«1Tb II lip HHHM a Tb H HOr.ll.a 13 BH)].e KOMnpOM ucca nexoropae pen 11fl!03A hie. 06blllaH, ·06PH)l,bl, rpannuuu. Ilpn 9TOM l'pe60BaJ10Ch He CTOJlbKO 31:1- 60TTlTliCH 0 ll~onOBel11l 110BOH pennrun, CKOJlblO novor art- napoay BCflKTrMI1 IIOJIC311b1Mll t.:OJ3eTaMII, .ne4eHlleM rrpn nOMOllH ruoercxon Me..'l.I1U1Hl bl If T . ..'l..9

3 a nepnon C 1741 no 1831 ron 1{Q..1l11 'leCTBO na ua HOB B By [HITlIl1 YBe.1HtlH.aocb c 18 no 34, a t·!HC.iJ.O JIaM-C J50 D,O 4637 lleJIOJ3eK.

B 1853 rOAY UapCKHM npaaureascrsoa OblJl0 npHI-1HTO «Iloao»;e!life 0 ,naMaHCKO;\1 ,[YXOBeHCTBe B Bocro-rnca Cnaupu», KOTOPblM onpenenaaocs ynpaasenue ,nauaHaMH, BbllleJlHJlllcb 11M Fr3 06III,HH"FIhIX 3eMeJIh 6ypaT Y4aCTKIl B pa Mepe 500 11.eC~TllH J-I<:l x2Moo-;raMY. 200 ll.CCHTHH na umperys (HacTOHTe.'lH), 60 aecnrun aa ,naMY, 30 necs , TlIH Ha oaHnH. 15 AeCIlTHH H8 xynap axa (noc.symnuxa). 3Ta Mepa OOPbObl c TYHe5UICTBOM MlM oOOlll.'laCh 6YPHTCKHM l<:peeTbilli<lM )].0- BO.TrbHO UO.lJbTlIHM ypeaauxeu llX IlJIOAOpOllI-lbIX sexens.

B nermx orpaxcnenna 6y[HIT OT BJlH5LHElH ttepe3 Jl8MCTBO aarpaHllllbT Uapll3M aanpctna. TI,lH OqHlHWIHSBJ1 TOPr'OSJ110 H l-IHblt' cjJOpMbl CB513H C .1apyoe.lIHTblMH cTpaH3MH. B TO »ce BpeMlI )].yxoReHCTBO

-57-

OCBo60i1\)IaJlOCb OT nOBIIl::IHOnell. «nOJIO>I{NUle~ YCTClI-H1BJTlIB8nO «ourjlOJlb n3pc.J\,oil <Ijl,MI11111CTpaUIIH II<:Iil, lLe,lTeJILllOCTblO JlaM31lCTCKoro ,'l;yXOBeHCTBa. HeCMOTpH H<I Bee upeuouu uapuaaa, JJaMbI uaxoauan jlil3efrKli )l.JIH opr auuaauuu t:flOl'lj )10I3HII no CI:IO.llM fTP<IBIJ,,~aM.1D

5Yi'l,,(l,R rtCK He ,1l3 uarrbl HllJl5fJ[lJCb lie TOJlbKO uenrpa M II tl.!lfI OTfT P ;;LB.rTeHHH peJHIT'I-I03HbIX OOPfI!I.Ol.l. MOJle6cTBllii, HO Jl 6Y.LI.,Il,uiicKllMlI WIW/la~HI paauux nanpannemui. TaK, fYCHHOO::JepCKHii ,I1aLl,all 1!MeJJ uaHlITCKYIO WKOJ1Y, 13 I{oTOpO(1 ocyllJ,eCTrIJHIJIOCb «puru-recxoe 1!3),LJeHHe peMlmll Jl CI)IIJ10COtjJllIl 6Y,Ll,1l,H3M<l. B 3TliX Ey)l.il,I1~ieKIIX wJ{OJlaX 06y'13JlOCb 60.'1billOe l<OJIJI'leCTBO V1lf'H IlIWB, TIOCJIYIll Ii 1l1{QB' xy aa pa KOB. B I-l:JLJ<J.ne XX Ber,a B rY(,IHIO03epCKOM ,'(aualle lIaC'IHTbIB<1.I10Ch 6o.rtee ozmof Tb1Cll'111 .!JaM, H TOM uncne Ml-lOro 'YBapaK,OlJ,

,Ua ua Hbl Byp srun )l13JHI JlllCb TJ Kil\e 11 ueirrpa MH H3,11"l )!J.UI pe.lJ Hr1103HoJ.i JIIIH'parYllbl. Jlo 1880 rona IIMeJlTlCb runorpadmn lWIT ne'13T<lHJI}I 0Y.'l."J,lllkIWi\ .urrcp arypu B 29 n au.anax, 110 rrOCJTe 3anpe-

meHI!}1 1880 rozia Ir3,L1,ilTeJI bCIWr, ,lJ,el1Te.'1bf]OCTH OCTaJl H Cb TiII(IIC 11 1-

norpaqiuu B rYCIIII003CPCI{OM, AHIlHCI{OM, ArHHC!{OM, UyrQ.JlbCKOM, 4ecallCKOM, XO:OOPTtlllC[(OM, 3rllTyeBclwM, UY,IJrIlIrCKOM n auauax. TID n,aHl-1 bnl 1887 rena B rn IH'F.e nsna BaBI[! IIXCH B liyp HTCKJlX J{1Hl,<JlHl x nureparypu 3H<l'III.nOCl.1 494- I-Ja3BaHII51 ruriercxnx If MOHrO .. ~-bCKIIX KJ-UIr.ll

rYCI1HOOPCl01ii JJ.a1l,8H Hr!J1.HJlCf[ He TOJlbl<O OAlIflM H3 C<JMbIX xpyrrI-[blX '·1 60r<lTblX MOll<lCTblpe}l, HO II peannennueil X<JMOO-.rI<llollhI, sepXOBHoro r JI a Bbl acex 6YAll,H i1CKHX nauauou By pllTIII-I.

KaK 11 npyrue 6y[l,,1lII~'ICKlje I{YJlbTOBLle COO[)Y>F(eIHlrr B BYP~TI1II, rYCIJ1l003epCJWn uauan rtpencraanan cofio!'i opirruuansuuf rra :·.1>lTH I~]{ 6 y]l A TClwii a p x H reKTYP 01, Bu6 p a TIl U II ~l H ce611 OT.n I1lf nTeJlbH bl e I< a II eCTB3 TI!6eTCKOll, KIITafiC1wiL PYCCKOi"r ClPXHTCKTypbT.

BOT ]( a r< crpounc« I'ycn uooaepc 1\11 ii n aua Il. B roIl, em 0(' noaauirn, B 1741 rony 01:1 njJ.enCTaBJHI.'I cuGoi'! oo.u.urym ropry. B 1750 rOIlY .:l,n,eCb tlOfTBIl.JTC}1 nepnbTIl n:epeBllllllbli1 xpau, npenc-raanaaumii uepsoe 6Y[JJl1.'Cl{Oe CT3UJlOll<lPHOl:': aaanue I<YJIJ,TOBOro .:lOn'ieOB'l, B 1758 roAY 6&1.'111 Pll[l,Oil'[ rtoc'rpceuu euie asa M3Jlel-lb'KI-IX Xp<l MGt, B 1759 roo ll.v-ern;e ozmu, B 1765 -lIBa. TIoCeTIIBwl·IFI H 1772 rOAV )laU::HI axa.'le.\-HI.t--; Fl. C. Il annac npnaoaur HeCI{QJlbl{Q nnsre !l<H1l1bre: r,T]aBHblll t\BYX3T3I-KHhIl1 II uerupe M<:ll1el-IblnlX XP<:lM a. K J 790 rcny T3M I-I<1C'lllTbJBa,IJOCb Y}lH' 9 XIHIMOB, a K 1823 rony= l l. B 1848 rony n i1,auaue l(pOMe r-naaaoro X[WM<1 IIMcnOCb 16 M!l.i1bIX :-:paMoB (CYM01), DKpY;'l{eHHhle nepeaxuacn orpaaoii.

B l858 rony no XOJI,<ITalkTBY J]aM r'eHep3.'1-ry6epH~ITOP BOCT04- Hoji Cn6'I_I1H 06ranIM:~ B MHHHCTepCTBO nnyr peunux )l.eJT C rrpocs-

fion o j1C13pe[[[Cl-]1I11 fTOCTpOllTh HOBoe r n aauoe .3JWHll(' naUiJH<J 63<1-

Merr aerxoro, nOCTpOeH.HOro B 1785 l'oAy.

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Crpourenscrae IW60ro raanrroro 3,naHIHI na1[('IJIOCh B 18SS. rony ('JI;'1<1M .. I MeCTl:lbTX 6YPflT non PY1\OBO,a;CTBOM pyccxoro MacTepa Meruanuna ropon a Ceaeurnncxa BOPOHH1l3 H B D(,1I0BllOM aaaepumnocs n 1870 ron Y XOI H pecra llp31~f10HlI ue p 3 ooru n PO)J.OJl )1';:3.1[ IICh cute Jl,OJlTO. Kpoue r~aBHoro Tpex:nalKHoro 3)H1HTlfl 6bl.~H nuons nocrpoeuu ]8 M<lJTblX XpaMOB.

r.'1ClBKhIH xpa ,\I-U01"HlH-1I.Yt'JH-n pe)l.CTLlB,n5!.1T rpexaraacuoc CODPYJKCmIe, llCpBblJ~1 sra:« ko roporo CJIO}J{eII 113 IWPTHl43, ABa BepUlDX 3Ta)!I:il-)l.epeBHHHble, KaK nrnuer apXl!TeKTOP Jl. MllllepT, «XOT5! .\1aCCllBHbril lHI}({'1-11111 oe.IJblii 3'1'8)1\ II pesuue AeT8J1H nexopa nepxmrx flpyCOB rVCHH003cpCKoro aauanu CS1IlleT{,JlbCTflY10T 0 B.'lHH.IIHll nearPOB 6Y!I.J-l-rr3M<:l, 31'0 ccnepuieuno 01',1TllllHl>1}! no Opra![!133UHH nxon, ne ElCTpeLl8 lOll(lII'1c 11 B xpa MOBOM 30.11.'·lel'TBe TH5cT8, KILTS 51. II MOHro-" nun ... Llox-nru-nyrarr Fycnuooaepcxoro nauaua npe)l.CT3BJ151eT HpKIHI 06 P aseu 6ypllTcKoro 30)l'leCTBS aropoti nOJIOl:lH RbI Xl X eexa. x a pa Krep K,OTOporD BCeijCJlO 011 PCJJ.C,Q}feTCfI I ICTOpT! sec lUI M n YCJIOBIlI1M II TO' ro BpeMeHH».12 Taroice t:Boeoopa3HhlMll HBJIHJllfCb II Il.pyn1e xpaMbll]OI:ipbl, Ma11,!J,apa, Uel:!aiKJ.IH. AIOWFl ...

B I'ycnnooaepcxo« naua He e)KerO,Ll,H() I1jlOBO,i:\HJICfI Tpa,Ll,lill)iOHHbUi Lla M rp aHJlIIOSHOe pen HrJl03HOe Tea TjJ annaonaunoe TIpell.CTaBJ)(~11He, na J{OTopOe Cbe3JK3JJnCh TblCfllJil BCPY10LIHIX He TOJlbKO o KpeCTHblX ypOTIllW" HO H BeCbMa 9TAaJlel-mb1X MeCT, 3TH npelICTaBJleHHH. uapaJl)" c pe,RHf1103HbIMH }l,eI-lCTB<:lMTI, OKa3bIBaBIllI'llIUf" 'Ha 3_pIue.TIeH OfpOM Hoe ITC HXO.florll'l CCKoe, 3CTeTI1'leCIWe B03AeI1CTBHe, conepxr aMI B

ce6e 3JleMCHTbl HapO/lHOII My3blKH, rearp a II xopeorpaqma.

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Tutiercxan Me.Ll.lLUI1H8 CTa,)Ja 113BeCTHa B MOllfOJlHH B XVII aexc, 3 R XVIII aexe ua narra pacnpocrp ausrrsca u B BYPlTTHll. B J-Jel<OTOpblX U<lU<1H<lX CT<JJUI [1Q.HB.1I51TbC51 Me_il,flUlIHCI<l1e WJ{_?JlbI (MaM6a-,n:l- u uauu}, B KOTOPblX nap any C Ji3Y'JeJ-lHeM T1I6eTCK0I1, MQnrOJThCl\Ol1 nucs aenuocrn. H3yrra.nacb H TH6eTCK<l51 Me,1lllIl,trH2. T3Ka51 lLIT{Q,13 6bI.sa H B Fycnaoosepcxov nauane. nOJlHblfl «ypc o6yQeH1HI B TaKOI~1 WJ\OJle ,UJ111.'101 5 .ner,

B 6YP}iTCl(lIX Jl,illl,<JHCKHX runorpatpusx ne'IClTaJ1IICI, xmrru-xcu-

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B UYp5ITllII, H TOM ~llr,nC' cpenn CE'JlE'HrlIIICIOTX 6YPS1T, A 31'0 apeM51 cl)C:JKTlrqCCrm 6hTJIJ1 paspytneau ace nanauu, 1.{pOMe OC'HOBtI.blx coo PY}Kellll rr rYC11TT003epClwro n aua Tl<1. nx llMymC-CTBO 60J1 blITeH qac' ThlO rHl~T"pa6J1eHO, .1 nYXOBeJ1CTBO B OCI-I013HOM BhlCJlaHO aa npenenu pecllyrJJ1I1KlI, MHorlle fiblJll-l apecroaansr H paccrpenmru.

B rOilh! Benn KO!1 OTe"LleCTBeFIT-IOif Roi{Hhl H a lIaJTH Jl,OTlYCI{llThC~ HeI\OHlflLle noc.rnrineuun B <1HTHpe.nllnro.'lIiOfl pafiOTe, ITa MeCTa x 'laCTO n o.~ y.~ era JI b 110 (,T a.n II y Jl,O BJI eTBOp.flTL r; 51 penn rl103 Hble rrorp e6 HOCTH liC'pYIO!ITIlX- TJ1ITClTh MO.n llTBbl ){ r .n. 0,'1.1111 KO 0 pO{peCCHOH3JIbHbIX Jl a M OCTaJIOth COBceM lIeMlloro. Ocorieuno 60JlbJUOt"[ ypoa T-IaHeCeH reM, 'ITO MIIOrJlC RblC'OI<OKl1aJlfHIHl1{llpOBll11rrIJIC .18Mbl-3MTIII (JJeKapn) 6hI' rm (IJIl3!l4eCKH YH!lLITO}I<eTTbl lJ yuecnu C co6oil ueuneaurae cexpera Til fieTCfWn Mel(llUll flb!. A no cnenu 5TH II eofiOCHOB<lHIW 6blJTa 06bS1BJleH8 oqHllll-laJlbllhlMH BJHltTflMH pea KU HOIiHOfl , He JlaY'1Hoti, U18pJlaraHC1'BOM.

DPJlfMELJAHH5I

1. Fepacavnaa K. M. JlaM3113M H fllll.l.HOH::JJlbIlO·KOJ\OHHaJJLllan nOJlIITHKa uapuaMa Ii 3a6aiiltaJlhe B XIX 11 H3'Ia.Qe XX Be]{OB. ¥JlaR.YA9, 1957, c. 22.

2. Bapannu 6. EYMl.lllCKlte MOHaCThlpll. KpaTIUI[~I o'lepK. BIlK: OOfAIlHOB M.H. Oqeplifl neropun 6yp>rT-MQHrOJlbCKOrO H2POA::J. BepxlIeYAHIlCK, 1926, c. 123.

3. MmlepT r.J1. naMHTHHIUI apX:HTEKTYPbl 5ypwrnH. HOBOCROHPCK, 1983, c.96.

4. O'lcpHl,H acropuu Jzy.1fbryPbJ 6YPH'UIH, T. I. 'YJI3U-¥JlSl, 1962, c. 282.

5. 5ypallAall -ryYX3 6S1I1l3-rYYA. YJU1H'YA3, 1992, c. 135.

6. TaM :!Ke, c. 136-137.

7. T3MlKe, c. 142.

8. oOrAaROB M. H. ~lKa3. cos., c .. 123.

9. TaM 2Ke, c. 123.

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l~. Tepacuuona I\.M. YK::J3. co-r., c. 2G, 39-·12. r I. TaM lKe, c. 61.

12. Mlillepr r. J1. :-lKaa. COIf.

13. Buaapcn 3. Oueprcn TlT6lJTCKOfi MPJlIlIllll[],_ ),IJf<III-Yjl'1, IHR·I,~. IR. I~ . .uC1w6pIICI·W u BYIHl'l'lIIl. Y,1311-¥ll3, I 97fi, c, 1:1l-1~32.

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1804 rona B BOCTOllHOfI CH6HPH Haqa.rm C03J1,aBUTbcH yeaaaae YQI1- JlIHII,a .ll,JlH n~ArOTO.BRH YQalll,HXC51 Ii uocrynxenmo B fHMFTa3HH. TaK, 17 anpe.ns 1806 rona 5b1JIO C03J1,3HO BepXHeYAilHCKoe ye311,T1oe Y4J1- JlHI~e, 15 CeWf5lUpH 1812 rOJJ..8- Tpoauxocaacxoe yeanuoe ynaauuic • B HHX 06Y'l3MICb H JJ..eTH auoponues. B BepxHeYJl,mlCKOM yllMJlIlLUe 6blJlH eJl,IfHl-fUbl .ll,eTefI COC1'OHreJThHhlX P0J:lIiTCJleii OJIH)J(anlilKX c'rerraux ,a;yM, B rOM '1IiCJle H CeJTeUrHI1CKoH.

O)lHOapeMeHHO nauann OTKphIB8TbCfI npIlXOJ{CKHe y'lIIJlHUJ;a, B KOropsix o6YQanHCb H 6ypSl.TCKHe Jl,eTH. B 1818 roay npu CenearauCRoil crennoa I\OHTOpe 6h1J1o OTKPbITO npHXOJl,CKoe YQTI,1HILI.e, B 1845 rOjlY -Cen eu fl1 ncxoe repose xoe n P HXOJl,C xoe Y 'IH:.'1 unte.

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-64-

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B bTB~'3eHlIbJ i'[ 13 EWlcen n:. nOJlY',lIIBW lin roprouoc peM eCJ10 II pycel,YIO rpaMOTY, Mllxall.~ Cep.atoxoa pa50Ta,,1 B MOc.K,ne. Acrpuxanu, Flepcuu, ApXt.lHrCJlbl:I(e, oopaTJ.[,rr ,HI ceria BHI1M,'lIIl1e Tlerpa I, rto.ny'WJT OT nero B 1704 rOJlY caooony, aaue,n coricrneuuce ae.no. OH OC~ TaBI-f,~ B ncropn [I poc[' ) Il"icEoii n POMbllliJ}E'.I-l !!OCT!! 3aM eruu r! cnen xax C03ll;Cl TtJfb ner 13011 BOIl [-wii eucre Mbl B bl wHeBO,nOllJWH. COCl! 111-111 Bwei'! 6aJlT Il trc koe Mop_e C Bo.n rOI"" rr()C'TpOH,~ nepny 10 «nn JlhHy!o MeJ1bH 1,1" uy» (.~e('Of1lt,Tll{_y), 31lHHM rlJIl'll CY!10l:Tpo('l-Il[e~'I, npo;~0,lJlr,3JI 3aHllM a-

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B "I-Ic,;]e BblTIYClmlllWB IJ[[(OJ1 hi II Y41ITe.'lfi Gyp HTC101X n pJ[XOl{C'lOIX Y 'lTI.III'] ur Arouia 11<:\ uruuu peHOB, j\Jl€Kcei:1 Kop au ,lbU€B, 011 JILl-1M M.OCKBI1rHH, j-IHKo,na(j Ea/.lMae8, Cocop Typyen 11 npyrue, D;nH.lJOMa'f VI.rI, Hlmu M "I peB- nepnu il pyCCKlI~[ K011Cy.1 B Morr ro.n HH, BYil.a mun KyTYXTyeB-oepe80.Il.'I][ K n pu 1l0BO 1'1 JlYXOHHO it M nCC'1111 Tl n exnne. 10

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iEe rrOJjK8, ,UOP/K n Ba H3:1 pon j)OLUUIC7! B l822 roay, 11 183:3 rony Oil 6blJl OTll.<l11 B Tpo 1lll.h:OC<1BCKj'lO PYCCKO-M OHI'OJJ be KJ' 10 WKOJl y,

no rrpeucra nneu 1110 aroporo ra tumr CeJJeIlf}III'C Karl CTenJIOH Jly-

Mbl HH !-I A a ](11 B a MITI UIOBa 61,1.r10 nOJly<I€HO pas pemeHJI€ 0 rtocsrn Ke-

nee KO.1blOlX Jl~y"l urux YLJelHI KOB pyCCK,.O- MOH rOJ]bCKOH, W KOJ] bl lI,.~fI rllJO,-

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nOp)], H 13 /]1I3a pOI:l JI 110 [ltlW By snryea BO rnaae C 11 lJCT<lH I-HIKOM .11<]MOH f3.'lC'<1II0M I-LfIKFlTyeubIM, rW33KOM 1[3 Ta6~lI-IrYTcKo'ro pozra, npu- 6 blJlll B ropon H p I{),TC K ].I zra.nee IIOC,1 enoa 11,1111 B Ka3 ans,

Y4e6a B CTapef'IlIJCr[ II crpaue Kaaancxoii rHMH<l3IHI npoxoauna B nenerxnx II Hen p 111:1 bIll H blX Ami 3 a6a(1 xan htKH x cTenlllTKOB ycnoau ~ 11)(, 4 epes no.rro p a -ziaa rona YMep,TI!I 1'3 M nOp>lOl 61' HlITyeB II UOKTO 41IMIITOLl. a I'upu,n Eynaen ::13 Y'laCTHe B 1136neBIIIJ neH<lIlIICTHOro Y'I a WII M C5I uucn eKTO 11;1 61,,1 J1 Bblce'lell p03 ['a M I r H OT,[I,;III p51D,OB'bJ M II CII611pUWn xopnyc.

3;J r(lAbl Y'leGbl 13 ru M J-I a,'JIIII ,QO[))IH15;] I n a pOB nO](a3;]JI ce6f1 CITO' COOl-! bL\I. n 0A<UOwlJ M (JOJlhllIlle H<J)lC )h:;U->1 S'4<1 nm MCfI, OH 113Y-ljaJl 5l3bTKII-MOl-ll'O,JlbC1(IIt'i, ,n,ITbIHb, :':l1l]'JIHikKrri'r, T1I'6eTCI{HCI. TypeUKliiL (1)[1al-lU},3CKl1ii, ']'aTapCKlll1, B moue 1842 rona on c 30,10'1'01"1 MCD.aJIbIO 3[1- 1<0 J-PHlJI ['II M H a :-lILIO.

EaH3apOB OJ{<13i1JI CfI O}1H1IM In nep nux 6yp >IT, OKOIltHln WliX K

1'O.vry BpeMeHIl IIlMIJa31110, )10 uero IIMH 6bI.illJ KperneHblii: fipKyTCJ<Hli 6YPRT Enllcl1a11 CGIlIeBC1H1Jl, HaXO)lI1B)IlIlHC}l ,B 1830-)1840 ro.aax B l Iesnne n COLTa Be Ilycclwi'r ,'l,YXOI31:LMI MHCC][H II no BOSB pauieamo I13 Kllnl51 B VI pK,yTC]( p a GOTaJl nepeuon-nncox M aHbl1JKypcKoro f13.bll\ a n pH r .'!aBROM y II P" BJ]eJ-IIIII BOCT041l0rl C H611 pll.LlpYrlHl'l 6bl;Jl 11Ba 1,1 CaH,IOIxaeB, lilT OKQH 'l HJI vI P KYTCI(YIO ru MtI<13IHO B 1827 rozry H uexoropoe BpeMH p atio ru.n y'-Jl1Te.IlC'M Tpouuxocaacaoro yeazuroro Y411- J1Hlll<l,J 1

Flocne OKOH1JaH[HI ]'HMH3:HIH LLop>:[{Jl 6aH3apOB I10CTyIHl.Tl B Ka.'laHCKI1Ji. YIUI sepcn-rer, K01'OPblK ycrreuino sa KOHrlllJI C npencra anenn, c _\1 xa flJJ.II.!l,'-!TC IWrf ,[I,i,ICCepT<l Ll,1111 II a TeM.Ii «4epll<l5I ne pa. [1.'1 II TIT a M all(':TBO .Ii MOHrOJIOB», 0 era nuccepra Ll,llll 11313eCTllbLK opneHTaJIIICT, 611- or padi ,u .. Ba uaaposa IT, C. C<lBeJ1beB OT3bIBaJlCH: «TaK nepuo, CBeT.no H tPH.'lOCocjllll!eCKll nOJ-rHM<lJl t:Bofl. npenaer IOlfblt'! KaH,[I,H,a;ar, TOJIb- 1\0 '-lTO OC1'aBIIB W 111{ ')'1-111 Bepc.JHeTCK.Y10 ('KaMbl{), a ~eClITb .ner Ha3aJJ. -J_J,IlT>! npn PO)J,bl, pocurnu cpeJlH CT<IJJ. pOJJ.l] M bl X CTel1ei1»,12 Ero TPY)J,['I nOJI Y'l I1JlTI BblCOKYJO OU,eH K)' yueuux 1-1 ne no-rep $i.nll ceoero 3H8' L[eliIHI B lIBY'IIIOM nz aue II ITO ceK neas.

o Me-CTe .u, EaH3a poaa B COBpeME'.l:L HOn HaYKe TOrD.l11111-!lle CTO-

Jlll,'IHble Y'leHcble OT3bJ BaJ1lTCb l{a]{ DO Y'-IeHOM, .ll.OCToi1HOM HOCHTb LlOKTOpCKHll KOJ1 n a K B JllOOOMe eponencxoa ynuse pcurerc, Be.r!lllWI~1 pyc-

-67-

ermh n09'!' H pCBOJJIOUHOHHblH ,u,e~lOl(pa1' l-I. A. Hekpacoa B }fCypH3- .nc «COBpeMeHIIHI:O) B pelJ,CH3111! ua KlIIII'y CHBeJIbeB(I «0 )1(U3HI! II rpynax ,QOP}Kll Bauaapona> lia3.bJB3JI 6YP}!TCKOrO yneuoro «33MetJi_lTeJlbHoit Jllll.JHOCTblO, J{()TOPblll 3acaY.iICJIJI cetie MeCTO Men<ll.Y eBjJOlIellCKHMJI OjlllCl-IT3JHlCTaMH», H. f. tIepawWeBCK,Hi'l B ;'KypHa.~e «OTe-recraennsrc 3annCIW» OTMe'laJl, 'lTO B ziuue 6aH3apOB:l « ... C'OBpeMeI1- lILl5T uayxa .'IIJU[JUI3Cb onuorn 113 OCTPOY.>IIlCI"IW[[X l!CC.1ellOD!lTe,']etl.13

J],OpiKH 5(lH3apOIl BOUleJ) B IlCTOpmO cnoero uapona K<l[{ rrepBbllJ 6YPHTCKHfi Y4el:lblit Ero rrpem,UeBpeMerm,HI CMepn, B 1855 rOAY H B03[)aCTe TOJlbKO 33 rOAa B AOJI2KHOCTH L[IIlJOBH1-IK3 l'y6epHcKoft aA,\·lIJT1HCTpaIl;uII CBll)teTC.lbC1'BOBlIJla 0 TOM, '-ITO PC}I01M UaPCIWl"1 nnacHI I-Ie crroco6CTBOBaJ1 pacuaery run aaron 113 fTH30B uapona, ocooen. HO IT3 COCJfDBa}! HHopO)J;ueB.

,UpynlM, CT,HlUfHM H3BeCTHhlM B lWY4HblX xpyr ax AellTe.fJeM 113

CCJleHrJ1HClmx 6Y[J5IT 6h1J1 r 3JIC<11l r OMooeB, ypoaceueu OKpeCTlJOCTeir Ce.~elU'HHCKll, BbJXOn;eu ATaraHOJ3CKorO pOLla. OIl POJJ:ITJlCfl B 1818 rOIW, C 1829 TOAa 6bl,1 xYBapaKoM KYJIYH-HYPcJ<oro (Tau-mncxoro, llJ-I8'1e I'ycnnoosepcsoro) .Il.3u.a1-l3, II 1834 rOLlY f1a3H<'I'IeH uucapev xaM6o-JJSMhI, '['orAa iKe 6blJl npoaanencu B call relly.rr-.J'laMbl, B noc.'le.n.YIOllJ,He rO,'lbl 6bl.~ ocnenrrsm y'!eHllKOM, YIT33TOM, 6I!JJnNITO-jJaMOjj, B 184l rony 3<'PH1CJJen B urra'r KOMnJIeKTHbrX JlllM, YMe.~ 'lIlTaTb II fLI1CaTb nu- MOnrOJlbCKH, 1l0-rH 6eT>CKH, 4ac.']'.H'-LHO 3HaJl - pyccxy 10 rpa , MOTy.14

C Ha4aJIa 1842 rOJJ:a I'ancan rOMaOeS 6bT.r:[ nasuaven BMCCTO yexasurero AOMOI~I T'ancaaa HliKIITyeBa nananpare.aea Kasaucxon ntMHUSHE, rae se,n II npaKT'1l4CCKIIC 3,ll:l5TT1HI no MOHl'OJlbCKOMY H3bTK.)'. Onaonp e~~eHHO on 06ytTaJlC}] JI B 1«(13 <111 CI<O M ~IH II aepc urere, C l850 rona ne.'1 npa KTI1LleCKlle 3ar-lITH]}! no p aarono pnOMy MOIlrOJlbCIWMY Sl3h1KY co cTy)teFlTa!.:tIl Kasancxof .n:YXOBHO!l ceuuuapmr.

B 1856 rony rOM6oveB Obi.'] npur-naiuen B OeTep6yprcKlI~1 yFlliBepc~n~T, na BOCTOlIHbili cpaKYJlbTer .n:JHT nCil"C1:IHll npaxru-recxux s a- 1·15lnrU no MOHrO.HbCKOMY 513blKY, B 1858 rnny llJOpalJ JleKTOpOM MOIlronecxorc H3br!{8.

HapRAY C nena roru-recxoll r. fOM6oeg .HeJi H ayn HO-HCCJle;r,Olla'l'eJlbcKylO pa60TY. B 1857 rony 01:1 J-IaTI11ca:1 pa60TY «0 zipeanax MOTlr~.lIbCKl1X o6blLlallx II cyeaepnnx, OTIHCamTblX nJl8HO KapDlIHU». B HeH. on He TOJIbl{O paCKpbTJI CO)J.eplKaHHe aanucox nvretuecraeuuuIW XlIl sexa cppaJ-IUTIC'IGlJ-ICIWro MOHa,~a. HO [4 npllBrJ[ lI.0110JII:IIITCJlbHble n annsrc 0 COSpeM€HIIbIX MORrOJTaX II 6ypwrax.

Flepy raJlC31Ii1 fOM6oeBa npHl[aA.lle)I\aT nepesnau C MOHro.~.lo-

cxoro na p YCCKHfl 513bIK crapunnof MO~LrQ.lLbeKol"1 JleTOflI!CH-X POH II K,ll «AJlT8H-To6;,n» C npI1JIO>l<'eHHeM <d1dTOPHFl ~'6~ITJIlI-XYI-IT<lHJ~71m», MOnfOJlbCKOU l10BeCTH «Ap)J,}!{Ti BYP,1l)KH» H lI.P)'TlYe.15

-li8-

OmmM FJ3 o6pa30Bal-meFim'Hx II nporpeccsunsrx monCll, rrpanna, 60.~ee J]03LlHCro nepno.aa, auxonuen as cenenrmtcxnx 6YPl'1T OblJl CaH)KITMIlTe6 BYJl.a)KanORfll:J UbI6bll{T(l[}OB. OB POL\IIJ]('l1 11 1877 1"0 lty B yp OLfHw.e BOJlbWOi1 JTyr n ceM he «a 38 m.ero ccny na ([,OTHll 1\;1) \ Y'iTiJiCH OlJ,TTA rOA H PYCCKO-MOHrOJlhC1W!"r ruxcae. B 1899 rony OIWlI'IIIJT l.{lfTIIH(,]{Y[O KJT8CCI'II.JeC'I'Ylo fIlI.1H83H[O, B )903 rony OKOHlJFlJI De-rcpriyprcxyto BoeHI-IO-Mell!llUIHCf(yln <I l<HneMHIO. 01-1 6bl.n 0 IHIM 1f3 nepnstx 6YPffTCI{,flX npalJei"l, aen B reucnne HeCKO'JIbKl'IX ner apaneeiayto npaxrnxy n 3a6aJhaJIhe, 3,lTeM C lQ09 rozta pariora,n Bpa'JOM B PYCCKOM KOHcy,TbcTse B Ypre (HblHe YJI8H-6a1'Op). C 1917 rOAS rrpHHHM aJJ a RTI:lBHOr Y"T ac-r 1·1 e B o(imeCTBel-lHO-rrOJlMTlfileCKOI1 :iKH3HT1 na pouITl-Ie-rr36HpClJTCfI npeLlceLlDTC.neM CeJleIIT11HCKOrO aii.MaqHO!['O peBOJrlO[(HOHIlOro KOMHT€r2. B 1921 rony n MOHrOJJHll on 6bIJIy6rl1' 6al1}lHTaMI1 Yurepna.

18 MaST 1835 rona 'B KRxTe rOCTOSTJlOCr, Top)J{eCTBerI1TOe orxpurne WKOJIhl JUITaf'cKoro H3hlKa I-hu<OJJ3 fl H IWT:3JleB IrlJ a Brrsyp nn a, naaeer. uoro pyccxoro KI:ITa enena , B03r.J1a13JIflnnrerO )lOJU'He rO}lbT .1l.YXOBFlYI-O MJ1CClnO B neKI1He. Xora B mxoac YlfHJlHCb zieru ~nnoB H Memm-r (8 nepSblfl pas 6hlJlO npJUUTTO 22 QeJ10BeK3 B aospacre OT 7 no 21 f'OlJ,3). oua, naao non ar-ar», MOrJIa OKa33Tb onpenenerraoe BJIlHffiHe H HCl 6YPHT. B 1861 rOJLY co cMepTblo YLllITe.1HT 1\. I', KPblMcKoro IDT{Q.lJ8 npeKpa'I'HJJ2 cace eyuteersonarme.

B cepenjme XIX nexa BO BceH BOCT{)lJHOi.f CE611PFl TIOJJY<TaeT TTCKOTOroe paannrne HWr3JIbHOe 06pa30BaHI~e. C 1850 TIO 1860 roll. 311eCb 6hlJIO OTI<Pbl'l'O 32 na-ra.nunsrx lUKO,%l. B BepxHeYAHHcKOM II TPOllUHO{,3BCIW1Y1 YC311.ax OTl<Pbl.fTIlCb no 2 H(lQ2JTbHhlX rllKO.1JDl, H Ce.'\eHnmCKOM ye3/1.e-o,UH3 Ha\H1Jlb~taJl ITl KOJI 3. B pe3YJIbTare B Ce,'!C'HrIlHCIWM Ye3/1.e erano TpH H<l'l8JIMlb[X nuconsr. B J 873 rony B Cem~Hr\lIrC1se or1<pb\JIOCh )Kl',HCKoe ytHl.lJHU~e. OD.BaKO cpenn 6YPHT nee- 1'0 3a6<JIIK8Jlb5T 130 nTOPOIr no.noerrue XIX BeK3 OTKPhlJIHCh TO.lJhJ\O .:J,l1e ill KO,f1 u.

IIeCMOTIHl n a OOUVli"r THTSJ\Hii ypcseur, yl1e6Hol~1 IHIQOTbl. npeori.run atruo 3y6:pe2JUnl IJ MeX8TIHI.J'eCKOro 3aY4TrnaHiHI B illl{QJH1X OTMf'uarracs 11 Hen.TlOx~HI panOTa OTLLC.lJbI-Ihl;( Y'lwreM'iL TSf(, B OT'leTe 0 p1160Te 'l11J1.IXOnCKIlX YGH.III1W: 38 l863-1864 Y<IeOllbliI ron rosopn,'!OCb 0 paaOTe ynlHTE'.IJ51 Ce.Ilt'T-n-lfHt:lwi'r 6Yr5T1'CI{OI1 IHKOJlbl ,"'10CKBIlTTlIIa, 41'0 OH «OT.rII1IJ'HO neaer ACJlO». ,UaJlee YK83-bIB8J10Cb: «Era yueIHlKA rrnmyr n Oil D.lfKTOBKY HB )lOCKe COBeprneH-HO n paB~rJlbHO H i(,pacunee, He)l{eJlIT n a 6y Mare. B nocnemtcx cnyxae onu He YCTYIT51T yq elHlK<lM ye'l.ll.HOro Y'IIIM1l1l.<l. B PYCC1<OM 'ITeHHl1. apHqJMerHKe H rpa« MaTIIJ{e OHH \oIoryT CTOHTb B ypoaeas C .rry4111HMH yqeRHJ<aMH PYCCKTIX n pHXO~CKHX yqIlJlI-IllJ,».16

Lla rCHH ,I B}I. M 1111 HCTr<:tU1HI, B 11(:1 cruocr 11, Mlltl I!CTepCTBO I[;J fWlLI !Ol'O -69-

n pccaemeuua, OT[HII1<lTeJIbIl0 OTHOCHJIHCb I< Op~a':1H3aUHH 06yQeHIHI WftpOfUlX MacC', ocorienao lIepYCC'KlIX HRpOJ\H()C1eIL 06 ~Jl,l~OM nOI{R: ;~wrcm.,1I0!;'1 n 3TOM Ol'IJOlJleH].I H cpa Ine n llC.1.TT uanecrtruu oyp )1 TCInlIf ufim:eCTBeHI-l bl n )leflTeJlh ]11. H. 501' nauon B 1916 rcny B osep Ke <.< Ouepcnnue "ani'! tJll 6YPflTClwro npocaetnea II fl» Tl COOpH lili,e «CellerHbJ<" 10[111", 1l311,<J1-HIOM D lVloCI{Be.

B HaTTaJI!.". 70-x ronon XIX BeK~1 OCOOi.lll 6YI))l1'C1<,111 lH~jly'PIlJ,II)I

l1030YLlHJ13 B TIeT[1orpa)le XOiJ.IlTaih:-rDo 00 tlTHpblll111 LJiH:TllbJ.1( _ \lJl«~11 .i.lJIH 113V4eHlHi l\'IOHrO.llbClwro l'I T110eTChOl'() )lClbll,OR C HeJ]1,IO (,llOC'OUtTBOB[JTb pa3BIITIHO T0[1fOBJJIl C' MQnrOJl<lMII II 'ITCTlIISl 1:c,nflrrlo3~.b:X 1\H1Ir. U<J rClmil M 11lI1ICTP ua [W!(HOrO oilpa30B<lIIIHT npI13I1d.~ x~~~: MIeTBO «peunrren bRO He3 a CJIYIIHlIl a tomn M Y lloBJleTI\OpelllHI », 0 I I, ,13 II npocsbe 06oclroBbIBaJ1C~ C.l1eJJ.YlOllJ.HM II aonona Mll.

Bo.nepsstx. TOprOnT,le CHOlllCI-JIISl I3P.£IYl'('H 11::1 !lllpOJl,HQM MOI-rro,flb' cxo M H:;! hi Ke, TWl'OPblil nOT-TH Ma 101' oYP 5lThT. 311 DHlJe lUUf}KI-IOrO H3bIl{a J~J111 ToprOBbTX neJl 6YPflT ne f1MeeT l-HIIUlJ{Qro 3Harrel-lllH.

BO-BTOPl>IX, nrenue peJ!IlI'lJ0311bTX l<Hnr, no rrpaBHJHIM (jYll11H3M.1, ,n03BOMleTCf[ TOJlbK,O .'H1M3M, a CaMI-! fiYllJlm'icKHe K1-lHrn TI::!-3a IIX onWe1:J:emLOCTII qJLl.nOcmp('lwro conepacart IH'! H IIC'06bILUlOBCHTTO TPY n- 1I0ri .nornxn llOCl'yrmbi TOJlbKO JlaM<l:'>.f, a nOTOMY FIe Moryr CJlY,KliTb 11 peiJ..MeTOM oritnerc 06pa30BaTIIIR Jl.!1H 6YPHT-rrpOCTo.'1IDiJ..JnlOB.

Bvrpersnx, p acnpocrpanenue 6Y1UI.f'[flcl<oro YlfeHH5I He coanaziaer H II C nOJlT1TII1IeCl<Jl M H arrrepeca M lot Poccuu, 1JH ~. 31<OHOMliLIeCIOIM no,'lOJKellneM MeCTllOr() naccnenua. nOJ11ITrp-leCIOlli npen li B TOM, GTO r,ilaB<I "lJllMaih"lwro J~yxoBeHCTTla l1aXOlIlI'rC5f SHe npene.noa POCCIHI. a ~:lIWIIOM 1J1H'C' K 111"1- (i().~b IllOC '1IIeJl() l1C1\(:_'TOA [oncn nnuo, J]3 M) 06peMe. 1-1 HE'T uacenerrne.

13-4eTBepTbrx. OTXrbIT1H' uacruux WI{oJl yn!JlI11' 13JlllllJ-me .naM Jt

o Tf\JI0 unr MileCy naceaennn Q1' npanIlTeJfbCT8e~IH['[X Il1KOJ1, a T3IOKe Y[10RlIT n rjl:13 ax nace.nennn n peC'rFlifo: MecnlOIr B.n acrn, !WTOpa5J ne paspcruarra OTKpb!1'He ra!{.lIx U1KOJL 17

91'01' OTBI:'T MHl:IliCTp.1 co Ace~1 04eSIl]lHOCThlO IlOJ<:l3b1Sae1' OTPHU:JT('.lrbAf)C OTHOI1!eHHC uapIJ3MCl lie TOJTbKO K H3Yllemllo MORTOJlbCKO- 1'0 If rurierc «oro 513bllW 6ypll1'<J M n. HO 11 B ne,TTOM nOJHlTHKY Tor.u81U· Hero pe)l{llMa B o6JIaCTTI IH1[lOJlHOrO llPOCBE'lIJ,elllHI noorime. I1paB 6blJl M. H. Bor.aaaoa, oTMe1HIBlllHi'! B 3foll crart.e, 4'1'0 IlO~ Tex nop .. nOIUI 6y,neT H;]XO,nHTbCIl non rro.rr.03peTHleM caM PO.rr.HOH OYr~TCKHIf fl3bll(, HC 6YllC-r peureria aana sa Il a II <lJI bHoro 06p 1130BClHH5I Y oyp rrr, 111'0 rrononseuue B 3TOit 06JI3CTH He li3MeHH,~oCb If B HR'l3JIe XX sexa.

TCM lie MeHee cpenu 6yp Ill' nO}1 mtrnrcr, nepusre '13CTTlble llIKOJIbl.

Cpenn CeJIel1rHHCKII, 6Y[HlT B 1880 rOAY B Ynynre 6bTJlR 01'KPbTT8 LJ(lCHJ351 lUKOJl3 «IJMCHIlTbIM ce,1eHfHHCIWM 6ypffTOM JIYM5}TFIOBhlM ... JI,.lJ5I (,BOlIx oxpecrnsrx coponnvea». B 1898 rony BepXl:Jey)J.I1HcK~H 6J1arOTBOp1HeJlb D. A. <PPOJIOB «OTKph!.'l D caMOM uerrrpe K,OLfeBHH

-10-

511-Jl-ajKHTTl'KIiX 6ypHT I'YCCIW-OYP5fI'CK)'IO IlIl\o.ny. <I B 1903 rOllj 113

9TOli JIlKOJTbl 6w.no BLtnYlll.CHO 13 TleJlOBeK co CBII,UeTe;lhCT13C1M n(i

OKOHlf(JJUlll rron Hom J<Y pc H».18 o ll, I-I a [\0 3TH e,1l,11 JlIJClHbl C tt1a J{Thl He

MelHl.lTI oomero KpaMfT' lIeY.1l0B.l1el'BO[HITeJu,Horo rrO,DOIKeHfl51 ,L{eJ1 B otinac'ru napnnuoro npocaeuteana CeJIellrllIlCT\IIX 6ypnT, !,31{ n 6YPHT B nE'JIOM.

OrcyTCTBYlOT lh,:'jepUbl na iouine C'I <l nlC'l'I1 uec I, ne 11'1,g repn llJl hl oli

ypoaue rpaMOTHOCTrl 1-laCeJleIHHI, B TOM qllCJle ce.nennurcxnx 6yp5IT, B xonue XIX H H3LJaJlC X SeKOJ3. TeM He MCHee B M3TepllaJJ3X KOMUCC1HI KYJlOM3111HI ! 897 rona MOIHno ITa i1n! uexnropsre J];3FfHhlE' 1-13 3TOT cuer.

Ha 8521 X0351I1cTRO KOLfeBbiX nnoponnea CeJT(,HrI1HCKOI'O oxpyra rrprrxonnnocr, 1985 X0351iiCTB C rpaMOTIlblMli 1'1 Yl13UJ,llMI1Cfl '-IJIeJ-lClMI1 cexsu, nro COCTilO.JHlJ10 23,3 nponerrra. B XO::HliiCTJ38X nuoponueaK33aKOB roro )J{e okpyra (2442 X0351I'.JCTBa) X0351t"lC1'O c rpiJMOTHblMil H yrr(!lll.HMlltfl 6blJTO 573 X0351HCTBa, HJ[II 23,5 npoucur a. B TpoHU[(OC3BCKOM oxpyre H3 1669 x03Rt"rcTB Ka3a[{OB QIlCJIHJlOCb 356 xoSllltCTfl e rp a MO'l'HhlMH H y -ra 1Il;t1 M uen, r.e. 21.3 I1poneAT3.

13 CeJlellTlJlICKOM oxpyre 113 227700 My)l{lIlHI KOLleBbiX UfTopOMeB GblJ1H rpflMOT'HblMll-2183, rroJlyrpoMonrbTMH--;344, 06Y'!::lIOLUI1MIlCH B IJIKo.ne-91, nOMa-36, T.C. acero 2618 rtenonex, IJJIIl 11.5 nrOlJ,eHT<I. 41'0 IWCUerC5I 2:KeHlIl.HH, TO B crarrrcruuecxax M,:lTepBaJiaX AJHl mIX H FIe 6b1JlO cneunansaux rparp, TaR K,a_!{ FIX rpaMOTHOCTb 6blJla npaxTFl4eCKll paaaa nymo,

Cpezra Ka33KOB B CeJJeHI'HHCKOM oxpyre HR 6446 'Je.nOBeR MY)!(cxoro IIOJla npHXOiJ..H.nOCb rpaMOTHb!X-69I , no.nyrpaMoTHhlx-54, ooy. q,1I0Ill,IIXC51 81 illKOJlc-12, LlOMa-IS, acero 722 ne.roaexa, TI.Ilil 12,1 rrpouenra. B TpollUKOCaBC]{OM oxpyre n a 4327 MYiKq_HRK83aKoB'HROpoauea rrpHXO)l)1.l10Ch COOTBeTCTBeHl-lO rp aMOTHbiX 318, nonyrp aMOTmrx 76, 06YQarOIIUlXC5I B IUKO.ne 27, i1.OMa 6, scero 427 qe.'lOBeK, FlJUI MelIee 10 npoueirron.

B rrepnue roAbJ noaoro, zraannaroro aexa He rrpOH30W,/JO OUJ.YTIIMbTX H3MeBel-IHfi B opr aunaaumr HapO)J.1I0ro 06p330B3I1IlH II POCC1I1-1. TeM oOJlee B 1l3Ul10HaJlbHblX oxp auuax. 06 3TOM xpacuopesnao CBHjI,ereJIhCTBytOT Jl,3HHble onaonneanoa rnK,OJJbHO~1 nepermcn 1911 ron a. ITo aa M na 1000 qe.nOBeI{ n a ceneans up HXOAffJlOCb ytHllUHXC!I B Boc. TO'1HOfl CH61fPH 31,6, J.1PKYTCJ{Otl ry6epHHH 41,1, B 3a681IKaJlbClwii 06JI3CTH 31,6, a Y 6YPHT B T.J;e.flOM ncero 8 [leJIOBeK.

no ,L{3HHbIM nncnexnua na pOJl;HhIX Y'UlJI1HU Bepxneyn uncxoro,

Bapryanncxoro Ii CeJIeHfHIlC1{OrO okpyros H 3 1 HFlB3 pSl 1911 rona HaUHOnaJlhRblH COCTaB Y'IalUI:!XC51 BhlrJIll,Qe.n CJIe)J.YIOIIl.liM 06pa30M:

PYCCKHe-78 nponearos, 6yp5lThl-12,8 nponeara, eBpeH-8 npouea:rOB, HeMIlbl-O,8 npoueara.rs B 3THX oxpyrax 6yp5JTbI COCTaBJl~JIH

-71-

OIWJlO nOJlOBJlI-Ibl HaCeJIeHll5I, a 06ytJ;:JJJOCb IU ,neTeif MeUbme 13 npoaelITOB, 1.11'0 J1Hll1HHii pas nO),I,Toep>KADJJO KOJJOHI'l3aTOpCl\,YIO, WOIHlHI'JCTI1'leCKYIO DOJlHTHKY napnaaa.

nrllMEqAIITI.sr

I, n all11Y1WB A, IT. HeTOp 1111 II all an bHon cpeAHeJi WTWlI bl BOCTotl HOH CHCiIi P Ii.

.Vmm._Y.!l3, 1959, C_ 22-'25.

2_ TOM me, c, 37-38,

3. At-lAP~eB B.vL I1croptll1" l'.iypIITCJWI1 WKOJlbl (lB04-1962rr.l. Y llaH-YA3, 1964, c. 48-49

4. ITal'I'IYltOB A.n, YKas. con., c. 147.

B. OqepKJ1 JieTO [lUA KY JlbTYPbl IS yp 11TH 11, T. J, ~_I JlaE-Y 1'19, 1972, C. 2 10. G. TaM me, c. 213.

7. ITaliqYKoll A, n. YKa3. -con., c. 118.

S. K!lM H. B. ,UOPlKll Baasa pOB (6uorp arjJ IilJeCKHR osep 1\). Y.II an-Y JI.5I, 1992, c .. 8-9. 10. O'lCPR!! lH_"I'llPl!H KYJlbTYPbJ EYPl'ITHIl, 1', 1, c. 217-218·

II. 1\HM H. B. YKas. COq., C. 20-21.

12. TaM lKe, C. 26.

13-. TaM :IKe.

14. Y Jlb!~DKJJeB ,U.B. s y p:ll1'CKIlIi YlJeJfhlfl-BOaJ"OKOBCA r ancan r oMiSoCB (1_8 I a- 1863). YJlan-YA9. 1993, c. 10.

15. TaM me, c. 24_;Z9.

16. Onepxn IlCTOPHIi KYJThTypbl ByplITIII.I, T. 1, c. 351

17. Bornanoa M. H. YKml. CO'I., c. IG5.

rO,Ubl PEBOJlfOUIHI Iii rPA)KJ].AHCKO\'<l BOIHlbI

TI o6eJ(al4>eB p flJl"bCKO 1'1 6y P ]I\Y as H O-,ll,eM OK p a 'rH tteCIIOM p eDOA ionn II, caep »ceuue ua [HI 3 M a cJ(e.~:1 mr POCClIlCl ca MOi'l ClmuorllIO i"r C'TP <1HoiL Heo6bl'IafIHo OlKHBHJlOCh p a50'leE:!', arp a pnoe, H8UHOnaJlMIO -OCII060· ,ll,JneJIbHoe ,nB10Ke[1He.

B nepnue }Ke )J,Hkl peaOJIJOLum- I-t 8_HOOJlee a K1'HBHhle J-I BIIJ(Hble 06- mecraenaue J(eH1'eJlH BYPlI1'UF! B311JlH H8 ce611. HHHUITaTHBy opr aunaa I.tH 11 6YPll1'CIOlX nanaouam-nux opraHOB yn p aBJIeHm'1. Ha nepao M lIaCTIlOM COBell1.aHIUI. 6 M a pra 1917 rona B 06JJaCTiiOM ueurpe ropene 411Te OUF! ylIpell,lIJlH BpeMeuHbII1 oprauH38U1wHHhTi1 HllUIlOHOJIbHbll1 !{OMHTeT no C03hlBY 06meHaUllOH3J1"hHOrO Cbe3J(8 6YPHT 3a6anKaJIbCKOfi 06J1aCTM H I1prCYTcKoH ry6epmrH. B ero COC1'as 6bJ.1I1l BKJllO'leMhI M.l-I: EOf,ll8HOB, 3.-)l. PHH'l.HHO, E.B. Bapa)J)IH, u,.)K. !KaMua. pano, r. Il, U,br6mwB Ii )l..pyrHe. 3areM GhIJlO npoaeneno euie HCCI{OJI bRO [lO)l.06HbIX cosemauna no nOlIrOTOBKe C'be3,1l;a.

23 -25 an pens 1917 rona R 4JITe COCTOflJICfI DepBbIi1 06Ill,eH1-111.HO· n3J1hHb1l1 C'be3,1l 6YPHT 386aHK8JIbCKOH OUJlaCTH II HplqITt:KOH ryDepH 1,11'1. OKIn! M H3 rJ13 BHhlX ero _peWeHH.H fI8H.'"IOCb nOCTB HOBJ1eJ:lBe 0 C03)l.a HI-H\ 6YPlITCKOH aSTOHoMHH no cxeae COMon -xOllJYH"afIM<lK~EyP flTCKHH H aUHOHaJl"bHWM KOMHTeT. OH a 13KJJIOtlaJIa B ce61I 1"OJJbKO GyPRT,cRoe uacenenae. B3·86aHK8J1be C03,IJ.8BaJlHCb ArHHCKHH, Bapry- 3HHCKHH, XOPHHCKHB H CeJIeHfHHCKIHI aii.M8KH.

-72-

B COCT8Be Ceaearanceoro ,,1I{MaRa 6hIJlFI X o 11.ryRbT: 0poHroKcKI1H.

CeJleHrJ-lI:f('"I\f.IH, 4HKOI1Cf\il'IK (UofftomcKHij), CaprOJlhCKlf~, KYJH!poflyp" T(' KID1 , J 1{a3 atJbll CT aJ-IH.UbI: Xa PM1CK3 f1, H 1.!.t8}Kf!!-lcJ{3fl, CeJleI-l rlIHcxas, ~oprofl!.::!{a fl I! I'nreryncaa.n.

Lro M,al'l 1917 rona B TaMQe, I'ycnncosepcxos, ,nauaHe CO~paHlie yrlOJIJ-IOMO'leR Hhl x Ce.ne Brim cxoro a J:l M a xa pe ill I1JIO C03.QaTb a 11 M allI-[hIm peBOJI10I[l'lOHH bIn J(OM_UTeT o6w.ecmeH Floi~ (je3-DnaCHOC1'B, K. Jm·'I'OpoM)' llepeXO!1.HJHI BCH nnnnora BJI aCT.J B a liM<'lxe, 3TH KQM<Ii'feTbT, C031I8HlibIe B peayasr are caepncemnr 1J,8p1l3M [1 , CTOI'iJilf lit! n0311lJ,HIlX nonnepzcxu 6ypiKya3Horo B peMeRliOrO IJp <I I:lJ.JTe.J1:hCTIl a. B aW:-Heifw JI~f H aaaa q-aMH HX ffBJUIJlOCb eocy l__IJ,eCT'Bm~lIIj e IHlBblX H[1tli:lJI j'OCYJJ:<i pCTB,eHHOTO YCTpoiknHl», «o6eeneLJeHIII;' CITOKoflCTBHlI H 6e30naCHQCTIP>, opTaHH3~Ju.Jj_H n pOJIOBO_JlhCTBeHllDro lleJltl (Y<:IeT IJ (l II cn pe).le.rreJ! ne np.onYK1'OB., YCTflHOB,lleH1'le npe1(eJThllh!X IJ,eTT lHI mrx}, OXP<l.Hil rocyaapcraeauoro HMy mecraa (JI,eCOIl, 3CM eJl_b, n pH 11 CT<,oB , rlOCJTb!, TeJler p arp a, 1{33JfH Qel1rrBa, .6 ::lHl{OR Ji! np.) , ::1<1601'3 0 W 1«().1 a X. OOJlJ,IHIU<J x, yBeJI IlI.Ietm€ noCeBOB, RaO.1! IOl-le.liI-le aa llcrrp 'LBIth! M nmcTYTf.Tler·wc M H <)JIOrOB II no.g_aTel1. IIcrrOJIHeJflleM TIOBlmTIOt:Tei"T 1.1 T .1l."2

ITepBbIM rrpenceaare.rex CeJle[-[rIHICKOro a riM <J 'l !:I oro l{OMflTeHI

6 b[.{l H3Gpc1H Caron IIMHTeC) :5YJI.a:-K<'l nonarr UhJOHKT8 nOB, fT axon Ii am II ilCIl )W .370TO B ~7preII pa60Hl.BllHI i"! l'aM I3pa'lOM POCC11f\cKoro KOIIrYJlbCTBa, '-IJIel:lOM KOMIlreT8 6h!JI 1!36pan Byzta lihl[)enIR:arrOBIHI Ul.olpenacanos H3 yayca Auai!!' OpmrroikKo·jj BOJlOC1'JiI, ·0KOEl\tI1alliHi"I I:l ceoe BpeMH OPOItroi1cKOe lI.BYXI\JIaCC I'TOe Y'HlJTfl1l1.e.. (j)eapa.tlbCK-aft peBOJlIOlJ)Hr ero aacrana S Flerpcrpane, "YAa 011 01>1.1 8.an_PaBJ]eH I..l;JI~ OlC33 <LlHUI nowoum peK13113"tlPOB~lHllbIM JIB ThTJJOBhJe pa60TbI HHOpO!luaM.3 nOCJ1erpa}K.1lIlHCKOIf UOIHTbI (BO apeMH lH!CTynJJeJ:lIUI Yflrep}!,1 541Jl l1<lH en l1 .lJ muen I:I.Q rH) OR p a 60Ta ,rr B M 0 RrqcJf01'JIUeTC Kor-J ce 1:(UHH .II a JfhH('SOCTOtmoro C€'K,peT3 R_I--! ara !(QMWrepU<3 II Hp K),TCI{C. Ta«m:e 6blJIIl 1136 pa "hi tIJJeIIaM!l <IH Ma-qlIoro KOMJI'I'CTa .us ~JlfHl By mITYes, lHisi'l1{ 130PI'OHCR011 CTa HHllhl, sa MY'1effH bI.-ff YITTepHo'M B 1921 rorty, Xsnuexryea BYll.8 lIS 5lIII",UKHfIC KO if {'T':IIflJ n hI , )lOli.1J,O,[{ A6J1.ll,yeB I! 3 Ce,n el-lrl-lI-lCI{Q~I c-ral-lHllbT.

B IIJOJIe 19 J 7 rna a TY ill eM IT JlO M ('-HmOB,H URO M) llJlfl OCO 6 blX n 0- pyqeH1Ol1 llJ rJJ]eHOM SeMeJlbHOf'Q OTp.eJIa CeJ1enf'lTHCI{OrO aI'jMa~lHorn KOMlIteTa 6IMI H30P au U. U. P a ff)l()1POB, ypo}J{eseu yJlyca liar <18.-1.[e,rrynHi, SOJUI3H lilaporo.abC[{o11 CTaHHUhT, )1IJaCTIHf.K l1'ePflOii -pyccKoil p CBOJIlOUl'Ill, -q'Jj en CO]J..IT 8Jl-lIeMOK P a 1'1 J 'I eCKoi1 n a P'rl1 Ii C 1 905 '1'011 a ..

KaK rtoxaasrnaer COCHlB 13T"IMfl'morO I{OMIjITe1'~l,. B HeM ObVTJ! npen..

CTaSH'T'eJJkl Ka3a4hHX craurru. Haao tl\Jt'lSan., '1']'0 rrocne no6ellbl _ ¢eB.p a./lbCf{oPi pe80JlJOll,I-1.H 6 ypll'l't:'.IHle uasa KII peunrreasrro BbIcTynHJIl'I aa ,rri1KBH,!lau,UIO J{a3-8tfbero COCJIQBtl:5l, OD'he)l;l-n-reHue c OCTaJIbHblM 6Y_P51TCIOIM H8ceJ]eJll1€M l'I CD3)J,3Hne e.lnIIllilX opr-auoa a)l..MIffiHCTpanlBHoro

-73--

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-77-

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B 1910 roiy UOK'ro Banxascanca H2'3HalleH nepeaonsnxov MOHfOJlbCKOrO H3blK8 B ne)l,OMCTBe 3aoaJl:K8JlbtKorO BOeHrWfO ryriepnaTOpel. B cocrase 6Y]'llJTCJ{O'H lI.eJIeralllU! BO r Rase C XRMt'lO.-Jla Mofl H'l'blrl1J10BbfM rrpHHHM8J1 ytlacTHe 0 1913 roJIY B npaanuoaanun 300- .l1eTIUt ).l;OM8 POM8BODbiX B C·neTep6ypre, B TOM }I{e rony ObTJI nepenOJll.l l'TROM n MOnrOJlhCKOili rrpaBHTe,[fbCTSeBJ1OH ,!!.eJ]eraurur, B 1914 T'O,!!.Y nocenran Bcer.nrlll-lYro BblcTaBKY B Ilapuxce.

B 1914 rony nepeexazr B Ypry. pafiOT<l.n nepeaO)l'JllROM pOCCl-rHcxoro COBeTRf.1J«l npn MOHrOJlI>CKOM npaarrrenecrne, OrI;HOBpeMeHHo HOarnaBJIJln roproaue aounamm. nil)lM<l)lCarrOB B 30-e rOAM no B03- BpameJ-I1HI B eeep 6blJl HeOOOCFlOB<lHHO penpeccnponaa, 3aTeM noCMepTHO pea6nJUITnpOB8n,13

Ha o61l1;e6YI1JlTCIWM Cbe3.1,e, npoxoanmuea C 28 HOfl6pfl no 5 newa{j pH 1 9 17 rona B Bep xney Jl,ILli CKe. l1,OKTO Ba,!!.M8)Ka nOB .1J.OK.llallblaa,n 0 peaynsrarax IJoe3)lRI, B Ilerporpaa no rropy-reamo .npeaanyiuero C1)e3)l<l JlJHl noxn ana B peMeHHOMY IT p<lBl1TeJlb.CTBY no BOIIVOCY o BS8LlelHIIf seMC'Tna' cpen H OYPllT, S TOM 'lITCJle TI T<a33 tW13. B CBoeM .IlOH,Jl81l U. nan.M<l}n8nOB OTMT1VI, 4TO «nplle:311 6YPSJTC'KHX neJTera'fan 13 Tlerporpan connan C BblcryTl,rreHHeM PO.)]bmeRT1l<OB II nepexeHofl BJHICTl1; BO sccx M.1HHCTer>CTB<lX ... ne 6LI.TIO HOpMaJlhHhlX aBHl'ITffI! 11. He 1 XOMy OblJIO 06Pa'rHTbCH r' x0J1aTai1C~'[lOM,14 TalHIH ouenka OKTJl6[lhCI<oil reao.rIJOT{HII, CO)l,ep)K~Bma51 nenoouenxy ee aua-relHH1, OblJ!a xaparcrepna ne rom.so ll,.ilJf l~aUIIOHaJlbHhTX Y'-Tpell{Jl,ernll"1 EYPHTHl1. roro nep 1'lOJJ.a, no H py I\aROilliTe,lTd, Coneron n ]I pyrrrx 06- niecrn HHO-1l0.1HITI,llJeCI<'VlX opr arru aunii- 3aOaIJI{,UTblJ B UeJlOM.

Iloc.re II06eAbT qKTH6pbCKOH peBOmOUIIIT Bee rrOJ]HTHlJeUUle CH;)Jbl RB -repparopnn orpoMHol'i crpansr paCI,O,1jOnTfCEI n a rtae OCl:\OBH[)le tj'<1- ern ITO BOrrpOCY 06 orHOmeHI1l1 I( COBeTcI,o!l R.lraCTll. ITOJJJITntJeCrme uerrrpu '3a6af.iK8JIbJl LIln;;] II BE'pXJ-leYJ~liRCI\, HX rrapnriIJIhle If orinreCTBeHFlbTe opra Hl'!3 auu rr (H1 uepaux nap a x He q [111311 an 1'1 ,II II YCHll-lOB JICHne COBCTCI<Oli B.'1aCTH B CTpMIC. To »ce c,IMoe-DypHTCHlIil uaulloHrwbHbl~ I<OMHTer Ii ;lfiMattHble !\OMH'TCTL[, 11 TOM ''lT1CJle Ce.nen , rrmCl{l>l'H.

cranonxenue GoaeTCR ii BJI3CTII B C<1MOM I{OHl1.f' ! 917 11 na LJa.1Je 1~J18 rOll;] n HpKyrrl(e, na cratrunnx TrfH\('rlifillr)(~Kor"l iI,-eJTe3Uoii AO' porn, II P 116 urne cel' pnrrr LI peuornouuonur: IHJ('TPO('lIj1 bIX «asnxon II l'o.!]~a1' nocrenertno tI~Mel-rII..'IH crnotuenue B 3a6ai'nolJJbC J( COBeTn:ou B.'16CTlI, e lI<1~I<.I.;HI 1918 rona 3.u.el:b YCII.'ll1Bael'CH ,[I.1J11)I(eHlle 3.<1

-18-

ll,rraCTh COnCTOIJ, 23 annaps (5 !fJeBpa.rTlI no H.C.) B BepXlleYJl.I1HCKe, 16 ¢enpaJBI J 9 18 rona n ql!Te UJWCTb nC'peUJ.rHJ K eOBeT<lM pa6otfFlx. -tOJIllaTCI<llX, KpeC'TbH"IIt'KlJX 11 Ki.l3I1ttbFrX I.n~rrYTal013. llrHDl<eHl1e 3a neIJe,1l,<:1 try Bte~ anacru Coacra M P il3BepT&rnaeTOJ II Fl ('e.') b IO];\.. MeC1'- 1::I0cr5IX 3a6at':irOIJlbfl:

- J lor reueuuo rrpercpneuaer 113Ml'oeIlIIli 1I noanuun 6YPllTCKIIX rlll-

HITOila.~bFTbLX Opri1HOIl ynp aaneaua fl neH'Tpl::! lJ 11<1 MeCTax. Ce.rleHfFfA('''Illt a i'iMalll'Tbltl IW);! urer l)ollJ,eCTJ1eIlHO~i (j 3ClI1aCI:IOC'f11 6bl,' nepenxertunnrr 0 ,1iiM<J'Iltbtii peno.uounouuun Cuaer C' cuxp aueuuesr rex )Ke pYK0130nlli..qll" JIIlll IIl)("Jl\II!':1ro IW:VWTCT8.

B eeJH~IITI1FICI\OM aIIM,JI<e B 3i01' neplJO;u ooOCrpnJl<ICb 60p1>6'1

M ~)l'.uy CT,OpUI-I HI I sa M II II e,'1. aBH 0 ('U311.aI:rIJ [,1 x ;;ll'M l' f\,1-I:'\ H <J lI.ilOIJ <J JI 1>1-1 I.r.'\ j'll[le>l":,[I.CIIIJM II rrpnnepil.;:elllJ.DMII COX P aueu II 51 [W3'l'ICC1'll<1. I lprr 9TOM IJ re U .lI.pyrne uc U PO'lb Obl.illl 13 bl)l<lUI:lTb ee6}1 a a !'TO pOIU I II r{QB CO Sf!TCKOi'1 BJlaCTIl.

B neKa6[)e 1917 fUJI<I IW3,il{1I l Ioexon KOI'() noccmca nil TepI1IJTOpinl LiUI(OIICKOro xnwYU1J FI l{o.rj[I'leCTBC 80 Jl,AOPOB :JafllJll,rllT 0 caDeM HCrUrJraClIlI c pa3Jl,CiICIlUCM Ce . .'1eflrtIIlCI<uii crannuu 113 .rUle 'laCTI[ lJ l1epeXOIlOM B rroasnue.me aiiM~II{;t. J(;.i3 ,1I0 I npo sozrrurn anlTaUI'IICl cpenn 'II <lCeJJCfllfH npOTI LlI p eq.iopM 1>1 ae Mr..'1'B3, ·25 Q_leul1 a Jln (J 0 M a JiT~1) 1918 rona ila anaaue 4111\ot'icKOft xouryuaoii JCMCIWii ynpanu narra , .un 20 IWO rYJKellHhIX 2«13 a KOB, ,B TOM Y ncne rpne pyccratx. OAIl yrPiJll\cl.rr'lI ee npeacensrcnro PaJl,llail\a6y 61L:vr6t1ctlY ,UIIJllt'l'b )l(r,f3RlI, 3'lfipa.lJll B ynpaae ;lelll~r'J1, )],OK) MeHThl, U.iHIFlKU riacnopron 11'1'.,[1..15

_ B IH1'T[lJTe tPeupa:~f[ 1~18 rO)],<1 30-35 eoopyxceiunax Bl1lITOBlmMl[, oejma ux a M [I II IIrl rJJ' 3!v11[ rUl3ilKQB tll:lI'<J)KI'1I1CHO ii era nnusr H a nann aa 0POBI'OH K.C' xoiuyrruoe :Jt:'MCIoe cofip airne 00 llpeM5I ero aar eJULHlIfl, TpeOOB1:!.JlII al>l;.rt,aqll IIMYlll.GCl'B(J U IloKj'MeH1'Ola UbJ[HlJei1 5111 r-a i[<H'Ffr'Roli crannuu, yrpo:« aJIIJ ti;lrr3rrqecKoil pacnpa BOH BaA axrun, rn>lMJI ll.CHTeJHIMJ! 3eMCJ{1lx opranon, cropenuuxasru ynpaaaueunn liaS,J'1eCi'B<1 I'a pMoa M.:l,lUl r-arro Bhrr.l. )Ka m(anOM Lla HKllpC)BbI M I'[ )WYf1fMH.16

3(J6) M<1P'rI.I rpml<ltaut'-K,naKII ypoumn 5Irrr8mllrr, rnJlhlilJpa.

Xaprana 13 KOJT[fTreCTBe 56 riovoxoanen nocranoannu 0 lIellfleJl.r1eHIIDM BOlTTaHOBJlellfnT pa.g py weB norn xouiyauoro 3eMC'I'B<1, ()cy nunu AQllC~BHJf rpynnu K<l3<1f\OB no BOCc.TaHOBJlen~IIO kaaasecrua, npocunn aUMatlHYIO aeMCJ(YIO ynpany 0 B03Memem1l1 uanecenuoro l(a.'JaKaM~J yurepria B p <13 M epe 1 TbIC.Hq~[ P y6Jlei-'l, npHB,/leqel-fIlH K OTBeTCTBeHHOern rJl3Bape!i K-a3aKOB, paspynmaumx 3eMCTAO, Flpu 3rOM C06p;wHe rrpeAJlOlKHJJO ai,IMa4HOMY PY'KOBO,£l,C'rBY aop8TllTbC5I 3<-1 rO)],ctrcTDaeM j{ Ccsercsojl BilaC1'I! Bepxneynuncxoro paiiOI-fa:17

9 M<lpTa CT.C,., OJWJlO 60-70 130opy)KeB~lbTX BnHTOBIWMH n nraur- 1\iU,Hl K8 3 axua aa ceMH ypO'lIHU, 5nprOi:icKPli era I-mllbl BMeCTe C JfC-

-79-

IIOJII-IHlOW,IlM AeJHIMH I-ra aoeuuoro OT!l.CJIB JteCl{QBhIM npuGEJJIH B CeJTflHrl1HCKYJO XOlllYHJryJO 3eMCK)'IO ynp a By J.l ITO'lpe6013<JJ111 BbI,lJ,a'lU .Il.eJJOrrpOIl3110,llCrna, IiM)'1Il.eCTsa JI ll.eHNKRhlX cpeacrs cranasrroro npaaseaaa. -Hx TpeOOBl1IIUe 6hlJlO y,lJ,OBJ1e1'BOpCHO, Co CTOPOHbl 1<8- 3<1 KOU, KaK yaell.OMJHlJI a aiiM8 K xouryuaan 3eMCIGHI ynp asa, «H.IlKOI ux oal{Qp6.Tle~HJi1 H nooeme nenpnaruocreii He AonYllle}Ibl»)~

6 (19) MapTa BO BpeMR o6e}J.eflflOro rrepepuaa 3aH.SITH~1 BHMUlIHOlt 3eMCKOH ynpaau, aHMalIHoro pesOJUOUHOHHoro Cosera .H .n,pynix Yl:JpeJlUl.elilli'l rpynna nepxoasix aoopymeuusn BTIHTOBKa MH u, uraurT(fu'lil1 Ka3aKOB B H;OJlll'tJecTBe GOllee 80 lleJIOBeK nprI6hlJ1U na reppuTopmo Fycnacosepckoro nanaua, saHHJIH 3AaillHI aliMa':rHoi1 3eMcKotl ynpaasr, MllJlIDl,}JH, KB,apnlpy rrpenceaarena ynpaasr Ubr6HKTapOBl:I, BblCTaBHJn1 KapayJll>J aa yannax. Bo fJ1a13e xas avsero orpnaa GhlJJH 6h1Bllll'lfi araaan ,Ll.OI-IJ-lOK A6HAyeB, Ka38[{H Illarujaapes, Baaap BaTyeB H npyrae.

n pH6hlBWI1I'i 1< Ka38Ka M ~[JTen tlH M 3'IIJ 0 1;% ynp aasr B YAa Llapea, ilUIIlOB npe;D.J10.lli1IJ1 HM rrposecru neperosopsr. OJlI-I.aKO xasaxn OTKasanucs aecra Ka~J1e-JIHGo neperoaopu, nOTpe60Ba.nM DbI,lla'fH Llsi- 61fKTapoa8, Banxaacanoaa, yrpoacanu p acnpaaoa, BhlC'TpeJlHJlH B LI,b[penacanoaav onuaxo rryJLH He nenana B aero. OT nocnennero OHII nQA yrposoa p accrpena fIOTpe6oB8J1n Bhl)lalfH KJ110lJeil OT aM6apa, 110 nocae ero orxaaa llOAtfinUIThCR, OHM B3JIOM8JHI <lM6ap, B3HJI.!1 crtyna Tpa nyzta nopoxa, npeJlHa3HatJeHlloro )l.J1H pa3AalJI1 aaceae- 1LHIO, 1'13 3,L1,aH.lHl ynPBBbI yae3J1H )KeJTe3lib1i'l sunru c .u.eH.braMH HlI.OKYMel-l'raMJ:f, apeCTOBaJUI UbIpeH)KanOB8, npe)J.ce.u.aTeJl.Sl aiiMallHOT'O 3eMe,IlbHOro L(QMffTera ill ananosa Ii MMJH:lLlHORep a Llsrpenosa.

no ErrOMY nOBOll.Y aHMa'lHbiH peBOJUOlI,HOHHblH COBeT IlOCTal;lOBHJl nOCJ!3'rl> NapO'illD!X 6.aJIb'llmOBa, rOM60eaa B Bepxneynancx..» Coaer panonax, COJI)J.aTCIHI.X.I1 1,peCTbSlHcKHX ll.errYTaToB, nOCJ1aTb B qUT'Y TeJ1erpaMMY B BypHaUKOM a npocars HX coneacraons-n, aeMe,u.JleHHOMY OCBo6o)K)J.eHI'lIO apecronauaax.ts

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B 0'1 aer Hll OOBHHeHlJC ero B opraHl1381J.H1r HanU)Lel:HJSI ua aii·

M 11'111 bit; yqpeil,jl,eFlHSI B aryea IHltS.'], LJ.ro OB OLIJI npOTIII3 xonryairoro 3 Mn13a, .Ii.OTOpOe 6e.peT C HHX Mlloro nO;'J,8Tci.J . .ilaJJee 01:1 YTBep)I{-

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reJlcii napony, a na CaMOM )l.C.ll IflleM.20

30 MBpT1l (12 anpenn 1918 ron.a (,OCTOHJ1CH Cen 1-lf[WCIHril 'lpe3- Bbftlafm:blU ailM2LI!:lbIiT Cbe311., na KOTOPOM cpsnn ilpyrnx Obl,n pnccercrpea aonpoc 00 QTHOUlel-ll'I[1 K ssrxony ua xotuynos 'l@eTII 6y·PJlT IU\- 3.RKOB Ii EOCCTal-lOBJle.Hll1r H~I<OTOpbIX YDp83.l1.HeBffblX CT<lHllU. Cbe311 nOCT:.lHOBIlJT «Bblpa3I1Tf> HeIl'pTOpblM qlPOJ-ITOB1iIKaM r<C'13iJKaM, BblC:ry- ' ITffBlUllM fieccoauare.nsuo 110 ITOACTpeIWTeJrbCTBY KQH'rppeBOJllOUUOJ-I-nux 3.rrellleElTOB nporus napononnacrns, 06bellJIIlmOmero B X03HUCTBemlO-ilAMIlHlIct!1anHlHOM OTHorueHIHI 0YI ~rr Ka38KOH II He K338- l<OB ali-MaRa 11 nooeuie 118UIIOIWJlbHOrO CTpOITTeJlbCTBa », IJopllilali ue. Cbe3.n. percoxennouan airM,PlHOMY peBOJHOlI,~rOHIIOMY COtleTY otiparuTbCJJ B TPOHUKocaBCKYIO COBeJ'CI<YIO opranasanmo C Tpe60BaHUeM npHB.rret1b I, o,!",serCTBeHIIOC'rH aa llo.uifTpeJ(3Te.rroCTr:{o «CI;LMQ3BIlHllO

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no sonpocy «6blT:b I1JJU He UI;J1'b IHl3,p,eCT£Y» 60:J1bllIU1~CTBOM 61

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B TO )I{e 1J~l{~M 51 Hl'Jlb,3}1 ue AOHY TUTb t1 pennon }I(ell lHJ 0 TO M,

~r'ro 11 CBOllX 3<JflB.TTeHII>LX 0 nOj{J{cp)I{I{e Cm3eTCI'OtT BJIB 'TH CT ponuu- 1\Il IHJ.3<1yeCTB<J ycrrH bLH <1.:U! ll,onpCJJ.eJlelHlhlC CllMO<JTlllr cpezru 'PYJJ;O' BhlX Macc I{ STOll 11080[1 B.llaeTH, 8 taioxe B03MO}KIIJ,le lWWbIOHl<l'YPIfble C006p;)ii(eHIIR, roro lI<e A611){ye.BA. BblHyifCl,eHHOfO C1rl1T<lTbCH C qJaWrOM ycrancnunureaca COBeTCKoi~ BMlcni B «pae.

Hano cxaaart-, 4'1'0 6 TO apeMll 118 MeCl'aX, B TOM 'lffC.lIe s Cerrenrnrtcuov aHMaT<e. He Obl.'IO llBHbJ:( C1'OPOHTIHI{oB J(_fl1'.llX-JTll60 noJ[lnntle'CIO'! x n aprnf He rOBO JHI 06 II x MeCTH b! x, nepBl1tIl-fbl x opr a rutRa~lIf~. Ta«, H,I aacenatrrm nertytaroa OT 6ypwl'cJ{oro nace.ieuu» na 3a6ar'll{a.1bclwM OOM1C'THOM C1,e3!le censcxoro uaceneaus B. anrycre [017 r011.a rrpu 1l36pBHIIH llJleHOB HYPllTcfioro aannonaasnoro W-ilvfllrera OT Ceneurn ncxoro a fl M a Ka B. UbIP~H iK anon 3 fJ renter [HI]JOfHIII hal< 6ecua[J1'HfTFlbriL a UOI{TO oa.uMiDI<<IrrOB ((31{ Ha.UTIOH<r.~-:leM01<par?8 XOHt rpY,1l.HO C.I<;a.'JaTh. 6bJ.~a JlI'l snecs 13006Iue rasonan, l'al\

opraaaaaunouno ocpopMJleHHan nap-run. .

q'l'o xacaerca nOJlIITIIKIT llO 01lAOMy as BllmHeilillllX aonpocon, ITO

3(,MeJlbHO¥Y aonpocy, TO npencraanner onpe.a.eJlelHlhII'f narepec

,ll,OK,TJa.n 3eMeJlbl"lOrO KOMIHeTi! nepBOMY 4pe3BbllJailnoMv co6pal'nllo Jl:CnY1'tlTOB Cenearnacxoro a i1 M a K"I, COlTflH 8 Ule:-1YC11 18-23 llK1JUl

1918 ro.a.a. - ''''-i

Ceneuruucknf aliMGl'L1IJblfl 3CMtJlbl1bdi KOMHTeT ObI.)'] C03;rJ.<ln I 9

HfOJHl 1917 1'011.<1, B tuorre-asryc're roro )J{e roaa GWlll C03P3f1bf 0-

-82-

uryrm .Ie 3eMNl.bHble l{QMlrre'Tbl. 3eMe.'1l Hhl~l l{OMJlTeT 3<lfiHMaJICfl )llfe- 10/>1 (' BOOOI(HOrO 3eTll e.nsnoro (POH)Hl. P aspetuenuev sexe I.bHhIX cnopOB K:1K nayrp a xomyaon, 1'1:JK H C [[OCl'Ol?DRlIHMI,[ rpynrrauu aace. Jlenun (h:pCC'thfDle, RM;'lIm), ncnoasaoaa I:IlIe~ 3eMeJlbHOrO !.jJ('l.HJ1.<1 uyresr apennsr H 113lLa IHleM aOH3aTeJIhE hI x nOCT3-llci13JleHlW.

B noxzaae O'TMe'IBJI0Cb, TfTO B af'lMil!(t' no CY1ll;CCTBy He T1MeeTCI'! 'BO()O.'!,lIbl x aeMeJ) b, 1I3·3a LlerC I! a6J110.n;aCTCll CTP eMJJeIDfe >KJ1TeJleW nepeexars B J\'\OJlrOJl.!1I0. noaTOMY I1paKTl1"1eCKIT Y11eTa CBo60,'U-lliJX se MeJr.b, OTCYTCTBY101ll.lIX, II He ObTJTO. B OTHOWeffJlH Hamr~l.Horo 'se\l(>,llbT-lOro (POHiW nposeneno nna na2l{J1hlJ( MeponpH.sTTHll: Bee uaxo,UIil:r,rreCR no BMIJl.er-f1iFl MliCCIlOl:JepCKtHX CTaIlOS H 1la1~aHOB SeMJJA ne . pe)tuHGl .BO IlJT 3J1,CH1:Ie rpynoaoro 11 apoaa II rrpOBOJ1,lIJ1aCh 110~l1lT 11R;,] 110 CQXp,HleHJIlO apennnsix OTHOl1!eHI'Ii'1 n B J 918 roav.

3a paCCMaTpI!BaeMbli'[ nourn rO)l.H'IIU;.llr nepuon H-MeJIIJ MeCTO 3e" MeJlbrrble cnopu . ,,1l,T,Yx BlI]1.011: Gyp51Tclme 06w.eCTBa np e)l.1>ml.n SlJOT n jl a no H a 3~ MJllO: H a x011.J1my!{)cl'I 130 BJ11Ul,el:Ll U~ IUl3l1 hl 11 ti py nix r p Y nIT IHlreJleHmt II, naoriopor, JJ,pyrm? rpyrtnsr uace.neunn, a TfMeHHO xpe(''rb5lFle Jl "Ka3t1KIl, nperennyior na 3€MJIII, H8XOLCSllIllfeCn I} rroassoaa- 1111[1 6ypwrclwTO nacenenus. Cnoprru« Ae.n no nepson rpynne, aGO(ieI:lHO no CCROKOCHblM yrOJ1.bSlM, 6bMO l l, 110 B1'opofl-3][aqnTe~I'bl!O Mcfthwe. Ocuoauue cnopu 6blJIII B LTIlKOik!{OM II OPOI-IfOi'iCKOM xoI llyn a '1.29

JTe'fOM 1918 rO]1.tI HIHI~He 060CTllllJlOch rto.nurnrtecxoe nO,1JOn,eHHf' 1:1 crpane DOCJle .MHTC}!{3 q€KOCJlOJ)3KOB, JHI~laBmerocn 25 Mall L918 r cna, ConeTC1UHI BJI<lC.Tb 13 CII6Jlpn norepneaa nopasceuue. 20-ro aBrycr a 6bl~1 3<1 H5I'l" 'rex OC.;IO B axa MIT II lJOA11.eluKH:B<J aID H MH EX OeJlo· rSHp.lleflll,8MH BeJ1xHeY~HcK, 25 <lBTYCT::J-4JtTB.

Csepacenne Coaercxof BJI<lCTTI B 3aOailKaJIbe. YCTaHOBJIellIIe reo illilMil 6eJlOr'SapArj'rIl.CB, ceMeHOBIJ,eFl IlpHBe-!11J I{ M8CCOBblM perrpeccnHM nporrra CTO_POFlllI1K.OB Cosercuoa n.naCTII. B 1..J.H .ne sa~ryqeHJHiTX JJ paccrpe.rxaaux 6blJ! 11 rre(lBblii 6Y1HlTCKHI1. peaomounonep U. 11. Pamxypca. CXaaqeHFli>JM' Cle.norBap».ei'u!.aMli B ceuraope 1918 rona,

B HOBOl! o'6CT<JnoBKe, B YC.'TQBIUU cueuu nOJlJI'lTTYJee:KoJi BJH1CTE! B "IHle .a C~'leRnlHcI{QM a.llMaKe no-npexcueay B nenrpe BJ-lI1~\1al'lllfl. )\a}I{e eoaee 0(''1'1)0 eTOH]] sorrpoc 0 B3aJIMOOTHOWemlIJ SeMCKJIX op-

raHOM B.lIaCTl1 C Kll;!<lll€('l'BOM. .

OCITOSHbIM sannaurnxoj« D 3TOt-l oriocrpennu BbJCTynnJl fJlaBflblfr Il<J'lBJlbFlllJ.t DpIHIMypCKOJ'O BOel:1FI0ro oxpyr a llTaM3H CeMeHOB. no era npuuaay J'W 64 01' 14 ceHTJl6p'~ 1918 rona noccraa ilBJ1·J.:!B3 JlHCb paHee ynp a: mreuusre 6Y[HITCI{lle xaaansu CT3HIlu;b1. B nexoropux MeCT8X BJH1C'TIl rrepexonjtmr I{ uacnm.cmemrsra MepaM no nepeaony

6ypwr JH1S8IWB B CT8HHll,bl. Tax, B oK.T5I6pe 1918 rona 3T8M31l 1-1'0 uoenuoro orae.na reuepan To.actuxira rrOCJH1.1I .83130.1( K8salWB C AByMH IlYJTeMe1'3MJ-I. H cluloI"r OTKPhlJT Boproncsoe c.T8alIQHOe npaBJ1eRne.30

-83~

Ha OCHOB3-Fmli npmcaaa CeMeHOB8 3T3M,lFt Lro seemroro O-T.!l.eJi~ 3116 a UI<aJIbCKOrO xasa r{berO BotrCK3 TOJlCTHXHH 30 CeH-TSl6p51 aanpaHIT.rl H3 TpOJ:fl1.K-oCtmcK8 BceM xornyunu« ynpanax Ce.rrcHrH!-ICKOrO aliMa 1\3 cpoanoe 'p a CT10pai!{eHUe «0 neMel\!lel-l I-10M 130C'craIlOBJ1eUJ III BHOBb crUlUI<r!:IbIX npaaaeruni co BKJIIO"JemreM B crauuuu ncex K<l3:1- K013 l'5ypsrr, YUlC.!l.IllIlX B xouiyuu». Bee ~(a3aKI1 Gyp5fThl IlCK./TIOLJ.aJIJICb "13 XOWYHOB 11 rrepeJJ.al3aJOftb CTalllluaM.31 Onnonpexerruo TOJlC1'L1Xrrn Harrp3BIIJI B anpec 5ypHaUKOMU B qwty reaerpauey, B xoropon ronopnnccs: «Hacrort',-[H BO rpedyio nonrnepscnen LIn ai1MtPlHoi'r (CeneunIHC!wtr) .Jl)'Me, xomYIWM JHITerOplllleCKoro ncrroauerma MOnx pacIl0pSl)Kenlrii (o) BO(,CTaHOB.rreI!IIIl nopnaxa (n) CT8HllllUX».32

3tH .JJ..ORyMel-l'rbl nOKa3brB8iOT, -rro orusrne c BYPTHIUIWMOM Jl Me(.:'IHbfMI! 6ypwrc fULMll ·1fallJLOIf~l.'Thf:[h1Mrr ylJpe}1{,ll:t'~l:IJoiJI M fI cranu p asro. na pHB8ib TOJJbRO B rrprrxaauoa, I-IeYKQCilllTeJIbHOM Tone, nero He 6bl,110 1:11i B nepuon np anaemm 6yp21~ya:moro BpeMCl:lHOl"O npanureas('1'131:1, Hl-I B cosercs flu nepucn.

B- 3TO}r 06CT81-10BKe Cexem-nncxas aI'IM<1<1H8H seMCK8H ynpaaa 11 OKTH6pR oGpamaeTCfl B 5ypnau,){joM C npocq6orl <<.I11MIClTHTb nonoxcerrue zrena 0 cyuiecraoeauun 6ypHTcKoro uannon ansnoro 3eMCTsa B CBH311 C Tpe6oBaHIH~M 06 ncxmoueunn ns C'OC'faB8 XOlllYI-lHOrO 3eMCTBll ii831l1<OB 6ypwl' I-to noeunoro orneaa». Bypnameca crrinBaCT CeJleHTHIICKOMY aflM3L<Y ycnOKOHTeJlbJIYIQ TeJlerpaMMY 0 TO~1, <iTO npusas .N!? 64 oy.ueT nepecuorperi, LITO oosziaercn cxeiuauuas KOMI'[eCHH no .l(('.TT8M apeCTO'S, y6rrr'icTB, tITO JI311,BU nprrnaa 0 npexpatnenun T<'lKOllL,IX, QTo6bl 060 scex ztenax coorimaan nr£Go B Byp-

II auxov. .nTi6o a-raxarry. •

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rrojm lf~blO ee n pejl,ce).(lneJHJ Nt H. Eor'.1lBROBB rrOChIJWeT ranerp a M:

MY, B xoropoli ,IHICnOjHDKeAHe 0 BBeAeHII~ traHl'LlHlblX npasnerma rrplI3HBBaJlO!l> uapymemrea UOCTlli!OBJleHUJf Bpexeuuore rrpannremcraa. nroporo [(838'1berO Cbe3tla. B TeJlerp~MMe .[OBOpWlOCh 0 XO-. nurancrse nepca CQ3ltaJ-lHbll\'j I3MeCTO Coaerckorr BJll:ICT11 CH6I1PCF<;llM npaBWreJlbCT130M 06 OTMelle sroro paCnOpH}KeRIHI, O.uHBKO OTReT,

MO.IJ, He rronynen. 06JJSeMynpaaa CtlllT8JT3, lITO.uO peureana sroro

sonpoca np aanrenxcraov K33a'lbH ROPICKa OCr<lIOT(,H B otim .. eM sexcrae co Bce.Mll IJIHIBaMH II 06HS8lfHOCTYfMTf acero QCTSJTbHOro I1<1ceJ1eRIrR OOJIaCTll, B TO BIH'MSI: pacrtopaaceuns 0 Mo6H.rrI13aUHH HX ceralO'reR B c),iJIe.33

C1'OPOHHlfKH noccraaoaaerma KaaaQehB3. ue or paarmnnncs IHICbMermbIMJ{ paCTlOpmKel:llfSH,HI, yr{83aarUfMlf, HO (] rrpaxrnsecxn npncrynn.nu I{ ocyuiec+aneuuro cnonx SaMbICJ10B, 6a])b6e npcraa eTDPOl.llHlI(QB 3eMC1BCl. Eme 29 ceHT£o P fI aa Bepxneyznnrcxa n pH6b111 B 0POTITUHCXl1R XOWYII ceMeaoBt[{HU orpnuep c 1J:eTbIpbM9 ka3aK3M}1, apecrosa JI 6hIBmero xo uryarroro 3 aXI1 pa ](tTH xaaaxa fa P MY Ml:I,n:ara-

-84--

EIDHa If .ceKpeTapSl XQm:yHHOJ1, ynpana )J:(a,.rll:r:aRtI . Haasapona, l~aK nposokaropon. oo.r[bWeBHKOB saXRATHJlII xomyuaae ,nOKYMeHThI. 11 neasru. 3areM 01:111 nop' BepxHeY.D.T1HL:KOM. ua ocrpose paecrpennnu Manaranosa, HO OI-T. nOJ1YHHB "IfI)!{eJIoe partennc, DhU1{lliTJ."

KaK nucan 1=\0 STOM), uoaony npC.IJ.l:e,1l,2Te.nh Ceaerrrmrcxoro <111- Ma'lllOro 3eMC'ffla 6. Llupeuacarroe a GYl'l:lall,I(OM 5 OKTSl6pH 19J8 rOl1,8, «M ana r anen n LI;<l HKHp 013 , nozmcpr aauruecn n p 1·1 COBeTCR0f1 RJIBC1'H reueruuc l<aI< aeMUhl, l<aK npllTImHIIKH 60JlbWCBH3M3, nmepb liMTi Ka3aJ<OMaHa!)'1Il. OOBI!HSlIOTCSJ 1~ [)O.i:lpWe13H3Me. npoaoearopcrse». OTMe<H1JIOCn, LITO naaaannsie JIHllJI I1BlTllTO'r('H .r1l0!].hMJI 130 ncex ornouiearrax qeCiBb[MIl. M'lIorO lJeT C,'1YJI{GT 06m;eCTBeHHOMj ,q,e.'I)'. .coc. TOflJlH 13 X01Ill'HHOM 3eMCTBe C' caMOro, 113tlGlJJa cro CD-:'!J.\aHIU1. B3aI\JJ I01.JeHEle aarop neJI aer aasozr: "n O/tOO'RhfJ\.f H rep pop FfCTlTlJeCKHMll LCet((''rBITHMH rrpecnenyercn oneaunaas lJ;eJJb: BOCCTaIiOBr-iTE> xasa reCTBO, BQ8BpWrl1Tb otiparno B craunuy XOWYHTIhlX IUI3.a!W13, reM caMblM p a apyllIflTb ae MCTBO IJ .'Hml nTb OypHT IT P aB~1 11 a IT all,IIOH1JJTbHOe ca Moonpe.rre,rlelllle» .3-4

Flonaepr-anca B oxrnfipe 1918 rOlJ,8 apecry reaepanoa TQJTCTH" XH.l:L:hIM TalOl<e B CBS13F1 C 91'TiM TlOTTPOCOM Ii npencenarens Ceaen, t:IfBCT{OH iilJd?,rar:raoH .uYMbJ Baro Aacvea, 1<O'ropf>rif TIOCJle norrpoca ObIJI 01lITym;eH C nO.llnMC_[wi'r 0 TIf'Bble3,Itc.35

,AI~IM3L]lH1S1 ynpaaa 19 anpens 1918 rona Te.nerpaq)HpOEi<:1.rH1 13

4lr'ry B Bypuamcca: «:i\TaM~H OTlI;eJl'l... y>f<e IlOCCTBHBBJIflBaeT ('1'8- HHIl,@ ~(a3aKI1 xoanynnu Te[lpOrHI3]:r-[10l:lallh! ~O.ll>l<HOCTnbie nnua fiOI1Cb

P aerrpaau yrpcasr BoeHAO-llO;JJPB£JM cy ~OM cera BlllllOT .nOll)JUfOCTtr

nanHKe 6erYT»,36

29 OI{TH6p5J ),918 ro.aa Oporrroticu C1l'1 xoruyun a 51 3eMClUHI Y Q P a 13;1 OOrHll'IMa(~I; B UetlTp~J1hl:Lblfl EypHTclnri'l B8UHOHaJlbnb'Tr !{OMlfTeT C o¢rrUliaJlh-Hl 1M, nllC"hMOM 0 nOJIQ}!(et-[]HI B X()Il.l:YHe. B HeM rOB,?pnJl0 'b

o TOM, 'ITO necxorna na cooeureuue 0 TIUT1 11 8 B.rrNUHl B iHlM~K 11

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-85-

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29 OI<Tfl6pSl: Cenearuacxan aJ1MaqH3R Ser.iCK:Hf ynpaaa 'f310T{eo6· pamaercn 13 Bypnanxon. XapaKTepJJ3YR noaarnsecxoe nOJlO}KeHHe B af{M a He, ynp ana rmcaJ) a: «Eana uacenernse ycneno H3H<lHl> asryc,'oBCTme aaCI'lJ[iTfl, rp aoel1Hf HBCflK,lfe 6e33 "I KOEllnf co eTO POH!:>I rrpoweAweti sepea OpoFlroiicKH~I, CeJIelITHHCTOJH, t:r!:L'f.HRCI<HM J<f 3aJ<aMefTclwn xonrynsr, KP~HOH capaH,91I-OTpan,OB I(J?aclloi~ APMIHf-li npuCTynHJlJ! 1( aaIJ03)1,<1Il111eMY ceH01<OCY II y60pl<e XJle(5oB .. _ IWT{ nonce flenOCTlDlwMoe FlaCJ1JTne uarparryno IHl JI051JTbIThlff M!J[lHhrll: 6YPflTCIUJ.U uapon natnero ai-lM2Ka».

Tlp a BAil, B O'0rall.lelLlIJj lie npIJBO]1II1Tf! H-H OlI,lH)rO rparna rparie){{a H ffaCllJTl!Lr eo CTOPO!ThI OTpHllO:B I pacnon ApM1Hl. MOJI{eT 6blTb, cxaaanacj, B T3KOM ynOMFlllBHlI1I 11 I<OH'bJOHl{Typw;rrHB-Y[leT CMerrhl BJIaC1'T1, B TO iKe BpeM5T ronop [UlOCb: IJ1'O B YCJ1QB1UIX 30BOI"[ BJI acTJ I, Don perm p eaoJ) ron ns M OOJHlCTIIO 9 seM CI<.O U Y np a S:OT, xa 3 a l.J.beJ'lO C'be3,llGl, 8<1 ocrrouamm rrpmcas a r .rr8B1l0rO HSQ8.JJbrrrnUI ITP]I [[ My PCKO- 1'0 soeaaoro O(([)YTa CeMeHOBa aT,JM8H l .ro soeanoro ornena erracrrJlb({O ID1'hII\IlMH 32rORJleT fiX (6brnml1x OYPHT «asaxos) 06P<lTRO B craurrnst, ne llQ}!{fI'[J.<lfrCb .lla;'l<c n33H34eErHOIl BbT('mHMa S.rl a C'l'HMll cMellH1HHOii J<OMllrClm ,LI)Hl onpoca nacenenus no Ka33IJbeMY sonpocy», 3ro OOc.To~Te.'lbCTAO «COB,llaeT nenop naYM en IlfT BO 83;;HIMOOTHO' WelTfHIX r, a.'3::1 [{DB H ne l( <13;]I{OB, RaCe,IT en He aceuerrn OTCT..1I'I13aeT C'RO II xotrrynsr i'I 2HMBT(:>.

LLa.f)ee B oriputnennu rononnnocs: «ITo 'TaC'TTIbl\1 CBCJ1.eHllflM, He TO,1hKO 6r,m1Ullt' xasanu. 110 )1 11T10POlllJ.bl. BI1l1.J1 11 ITCnbtThIHDl( Y'KarbT H .1 nrecrnna 1\ C13::IIWM~1 nos. r01'08bl ace n06 poe a1'h H Vl,;o'reFlafh B flOTTCK,l x nOHtll'i PO}1llJlb[, nil, K ,I K P(lJJ IIO!;> 311 6 n Ii Ka.l1 he . CT8HOB flTC'~ IJ,.rIH III1X MtI'ICXOI"t, repnenu nro 60,1l1,11IeBIIKoB, IflOQBlJ.iJIICb OT Hero, 110 rOlmpflT, nona.u: 113 orna ILo 8 nOJlbl'vlB».39 T:lK no cJIOB.IM DB· TOP0[l, ('I] 'p}r{l;'lllI \ C B TCKOii H.rril{,T11 11 yen an BJTCnD(' i{lIK1'~I1'ypLI Ccuenoa a II Ol'JlOrlH11'J1l'OUeB lie !l.lIJIO 1III'IerQ llJTH Tp)'il, 1IlIJ,11 XC}1 6,,~ rHI1'. BO)lt!e TOro B03 [)OC,i1 a yrposa M a cccaoir 3MlfTP anrru Gyp ar Ce.rrE'HrH ncxorc H r"fM axa 1\ MOlT ron ino ,

LIOJlrOlI{lUIIIIHlfr t~!\'reLuaHH(HI I<O~1i'Il'crrH 110 6ypRTCKOMY K<J3"lffbeMV nonpocy, n auouen, npTlnt,l,na !l TPOI1UKO('aar1{ B KOH11,C lleK,aGpfT 1918 rona. Omiaxo. K<l1( ~'l\<l:1hlB<I"1TT II cneunam.uoti Ll.OIUJ<lllIlOi'l sanncke B

II<Jjlotl,lTYIO Jl,yMy 6YPflT MOHr(J.!l Boero.ruon C1l611prr (5Y[1J1<JHKOM 13

-86-

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0)111 ()BJ}e~lell no c or a ]{oii )TPC)30ii' B anpec l{a3aKOB 6YPH'r TOJl-

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Kax 6b1 TO Hil'6blJlO paoor'a CMeillamloH TWMI.'lCCBl.I 611.1111. copaaua H He no IHlHC 6Y]l5fTC"K0[.1 ee ~Iar:rli. a AOJrrf)l1{,llarITlafl ll"tI)J,e}Kll,<J 6ypfl'r KD38KOB HC! yil.OBJ1eTBO[lI~Te.ijbH.oe peurenue 11K [lOl1po~a KOMIIC' trreiJ lie oupasnanacs. Bo BC n 31'0H ncropinr C r(,OM nccueu. c 110- ITblTKOii HK06bl perneunsr nenpoca 0 OYPHTCKOM xaaauec'rae l'Iarmm' uo npOHBlTJ1IiCh C caaoro nauana He TOJ1bKQ lle,l\eJl<llIlle ca voro Ce , MellOJ3a 11 ero HD.!l.'JIIlleHHbIX peuurrs IW[[PUC 0 ncpexonc f5YP)lT IUI- 3<JKOB II 3eMCTBO, \ 110 II npSl.MOe rrpOTllBOll,efICTBTTC 3TOM·Y,

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hHlH 1919 rO.'l.a no nlHIJ'OBopaM ('IJMI!\ xa ;11\()B nepeuia» B :-:OIIl)'HI>I:

B XapblIcKoH CTIHjJlue 113 488 1l.BOP013-445, B 51llfailHIHCKoa 113361 nnopa 308, B 50proih~1{Oii nee 517 ,a:BOPOB, B rnre'TyirvKoi\ 13I'e 849

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l' MellHJ mlOfl KOMlIC('1'I1i n o onpocy n .<]ce",lemm ITO 3TOM.Y 90 npOC)F. B tI;OKll3;lC CTaBI-IJICR sorrpoc 06 lJ3.hlCKHl:Ill EI BOjlCKOBw M rrpa BJTTe,rr.bCTnOM, ~nOX01l.IlWM 8T8M3110:M II 13YP51'TCKOLI uaponnoft llYMol"1 cnocotia 'tMHJ aoro oe360Jle3H.eHl:IOro paspeuicuaa uonpo a 0 caaoyapuanenuu fiypHT-Ka3::IF\o13C IIpe,ilflapIITl'JIJ,Jwil 1l0CbTJl[{oii. Mern81mou 1,0MtiCCHIl n~1f1 onIH)C~ lla,eJ1eHlTH n ll,eTa.Jlblloro nblHCHeHJfR sonpoca 113 Mec-, Tax».42

l:1ecMoTpH u a 310 ~o M:1H 1919 rOlla IJ3 TVeTbeM BOi'ICI,OUOM I<PYre 3a6arTK2J1bCK,Oro xaaausero noacxa no 6ypHTC!WMY aorrpory 6bl.'1a nsrnecena pe30;'llOIJ,IUI, 06BliH.JlJOll.l,a~ yuremnnx H3 'T811lU.I, oypH1'CJ{Il' K83aJ{OB flO MllorllM aonpoca M.

B nOCTaHOBJlelfHI:1 3·ro BOHC1WBdro KPyra conepiaanacs rpeooaa-

--81-

HIHl K 6YP»'H1M KaS8:J{aM, Bbrme,!{lliJ(M U3 Kaa3LJ.herO COC,1l0nIHr, «0 ruCTIITI] 3eMJUI oofic.Ka» K 1 lila/nT, B nporasnoa cnynae Offilf 06jI8P;alUrch a-peH,IJ,aou D.l1<ITol1, ynnarrrrs ace f1[}eMlliHe 1fe)l,OHMJUi, HeMeJl.JleHHO BepHYTbBdifcKOBoe HMylII.~eT1l0, a nooeme ocr8BIITb peurerrue .91'01'0 nonpoca .no HeKOeTO Yqpe.r01Te.rlbnOro to6paiHiH n OKOH11<lHlW BOWfhf.43 ITo 3TOMY JlOBOJJ.Y .6YP~TbI l0138KH Ce.rreHI'I-ntcKOl'O ai'fMTJRa CJI,eJla.n D O¢HlUlfBJThHOe 3 a f1BJTeIlUe no ny m~Ta M 06rHIHe-JlIHI.

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TaKHM 06pa3QM, B uearpe rrOJIlITI,[lICCIWil )KI'I3I:1JT B Cc.rreRrHHclwM alih>iaKe B I 9t 7-1919 ronax HaXO)J.H.'lCR: sorrpoc 0 3eMCT'Se, 0 Cy)J.b- 6e 6ypaTcKoro xaaauectna. Bonpoc 06 othc;:{FlHeHIiH 6YPHT xaaa. IWB A He R83aKOD B03HHK nccne IDenpaJlbcJ<Oi'l peaomouxa, OH peuianca 11 B OCliOBHOM GWJl pewen nocne OKTH6pbCKOB peBOJHOll.ijl1. flpasaa, B 9TOM .scnpoce yll\lleJlHCb onpeneaerrrrue moancu. qaCTh Ka3tii\oll Bhll:;TyrraJ18 ue TO.IJ'bKO rrporue 1,<l38'TherO COCJIOBIH1\ HO . ~i nporas opraaoa 6ypm'cl<oro IHIUlIOllDJIhllOrO caaoynpaa.renna B ~w JJ.e ~l (I Ma lI{! ax Jl x ourytrasrx. SeMCTB, B rro:n.lJ.ep(I{KY COMTCKOHs;rra cTrT. 13brJ]O DbT HCnpa'BHJlbHfjlM Y1'1lep>l{,I((JTl>, lJTO 3tlllBJI'eflH5I K<lSaKOB Oypffl' 0 nO).1,,n:epl!(Ke C013e'f!'f(OH BJlaCTIi !lHK'fOI:l<lJlI1Cb 1'OllbKO KOB'!>IOl-1"K1'ypHhLM.H cOoop-a)KellT!~Mll MNKAYyt:.OUIIOi'l· Gopb6hl l\rJsar\oR co C!3U'JlMr~ npOTHBf"'IKaMJ.~ 113 aaunon 8JThllbi X 3eMCTB. cIJa1{Tbl TOSOPH1' 0 l(aCTOR-merl 1I0000.lJ.C_Pllote TPYll.OB-b1M14 r<:l3aKa'l.IIJ COBeTCKOl"1 "?~<lCTII.4-5

rTOCJlC BpeMem~oro ceepacemm COBeTCI"aii BJlaCTEI B 3a6ai'1:KaJTbe JlCTOM 1918 Tona BliOBb Obl.n nO,LUUIT 9TOT sonpoc C'rOpORI:IIll<aMll 'eMeUOBCKoro pel,lUlMa, crpexunuru aucn BOCCT,lJ:IOBIiTb cpeziu GYPflT

Ka38LJbll CTilJllJIlbI.OllRaJ(o era 1U)'C5! acrpenana )].08Gl,IfbHO C1HfbElOe· conporaanemre to TOPOHbl ()CTlOBHblX Mace 1\33 a LleCTDiJ , 0 qe-M cau. AeT€'nhCl'BYIQT IIpPrBe,ll,eHBb1e I)bHUe 'Ii npyrue MtlTeplHIJIbl.

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Bo nropoa nOJJOBrm:e 191 9 rona 1:.0,'l. 60eBblx 1leiicTB.rrii ITa mpGR' T:-JX rpa)l{.lJ.(fHCKOrl BonRbf aanan 38Me'THO MelUlTbCfl B TIOJIh3Y KpacROti- ApMHH. Oceasro -roro me rO.1l;8 npOJtOJIlKaJrRCh YCFlnelmble 6oenrre ,Il,efJnB1HI coaercmrx qaCTefJ na BOCTOLJHOM cppOlrre nporan KOJ)'IaKa. 14 l-!oJl6p51 ff~nl QbIJla oCBo60)KJI,eH8 «c.To.rnma» I{O.n-qBKOBc~oro pe}KHM<l ronon OhlCR, 3f1 HH1<f H3q3JlH oCB060}Kp:aThcK npyrae CI1QIIP'

(,Kne ropOll.8 ....

B H05l(jpe 191\:1 rona nplf6aihra,ITbC1<I1H nOI\TIOJlblHilFI l:<OMIfTe'l' napnm 6QJ!bUleB}IKOB, c0311amlbTiI B Bepxaeyzrnncxe etne B HOH6pe J918 1'011;(1, npFI'H STJf pemerme nOll,TOTO[\HTb II npOBeC1'1'I 13 ITpHflaitKaJlhe 13:maJnloe 3a6affRaJlbe~ BoopY>Keruwe BOCC1'81H1e. rrpOTHB pe}KRM8 C(,MelloBa. nOJInep)!{IJBaeMC>ro HllOFICKlIMH 11 8MeplfKm1CK.HMH 13O,I%CR3MFI. B BepXneY1UmC!{e paaaemanacs ~mORCK.a51 WfBH31i51 (9 1'hlesr:r rrrrsrxcn}, nna aMepH1<C1HC'f{HX 03T8JIbOHA, Ce'MeROBCKHH nO.IIK, «llHlUIH MlBIBHH» renenana JJel3rU(KOro. n TpomuWC8BCI(e .IT,lTBK3HOll IrMetnt renepana KPb1M0131i (400 nrrsncoa H 200 ca6eJTh), CBOD;T-TblA xa- 38 '-I I'! if D,liBIf31l0H B 150 cal';i(l:J[b, O,1l,Ba 68npes:r Ii ztaa 6pOllerroes;na.46

BOOpVJKeHHOe BOCn8JrYe B TIPH08HJ{aJIhe Ha'I8JIOCb B FlOm. C 18 H a 19 ]leKa 0]111 191 9 rona BhlcTyrrJTeHHeM n a p1'Ff3<lH . B P anone Myx0]1w1I6IIJiJT, K ImM rrpncoenunumrcs Tap6araTaHcKlle xpeCTbSiJ-le.

Boccrannnre nTMI 13 zrayx Q(,lTOBTIbIX HanpaB,'leTUHIX-f18 Bepxne-

VlltH1CI( H fla ROBO-CeJTelHHI:ICK.

29 AeKBop{I 1919 rona OhlJl OCBOOO)lUreH rrapnl3allLl MJf HOBo-Ce.I1QIWljIlCI< •. nllH -"HOM (lI1lI 38xnaTlWH B KaqeCTBe -rpoctJeeB 500 nomaJtP.I':J. 120 I<OHHblX nozrnon. 60 BlnlTOBOK C narporta nr, COTHJ.f rryzroa MVKI! H npouero R:\1yrueCi'B8.47 OTClO,Il,8 OTpn,n: rrarrpaaancs no JIeBOMy oellery Cezrenrn B C'rOPOJ-ry Bepxneynnucxa, K aeMY rrpucoennl-1J1.1TT!(,h oe.n,HeHlIllT8 npecrsrme ceJ1~HrnRCJ{!JX cen.

l\ COBeTCfWH BJIBCTH rrpacoenmranacs H CeJleHT'TfHCIUle 6ypfll'b1.

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Boearro-norranauecuoe JTo.nO)l{eHHe aa Tep pnropuu CI;'JleHfHflCT{orO at'rMill<a B arraape 1920 rona CI<JIa.~hlBaJTOCr, onerrs cnoxcnoe. B 05- parnenan Ceaenruncxoro pai1ol'moro BoeHHO-peBOJflOUUOHHoro DJTD- 6<1 KO BeeM ceJ1l,ClnIM u!'raoaM rClBOP[1JJOCb, !:fTO p.130wtblH OnE:'TCI{HMH BOHClUIMH ap ar- crapaerca npOpB2TbCH R rpaunue B S2TIpf1B.neuna K TP0rlUKOCSBCI<y, lfere9 CeJlefrnnrcl<! H fYCHlIOC Oaepo, lITO no nyrn OerC1'Ba <d'latllla f0a6ld1' II )l(}f(eT ceneann II y.nycbl». llil's50eip amaaca KO scev CeJT.bCJOfM W'J'aoaM c UP0C-bOOH 0:0 OK::J3a.H1111 eMY uoxonm .TT1OJI,hMH n opYJiUIeM.

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t.:TOB.lI'PlIITlU 11 6pa'iB-R" 6YPfI'D'>l!

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B f[ETPa}KH·FrCKOM n.lauaHe OTpfl.a «ll~OH Jl-IfSl"I3HIl» ptl811.en H6KO' TO~bJ'X JHlM nO'lT-H ,l\oro,ll a, .. '"

Oepauterme rrp113b1B<lJlO GYPHT BCT8Tb B PSl,l);.bT 60PUOB «3a BOJllO H csacrse TPY 110 so 1'0 Fla pO,lJ,a.»49

3TOT npnaus nsxonan O'l'KJllIK H cpezrn e.e:neHrHHCltHX 6ypsl'r. Xc' 'Tfl n 1'I.e t11MIO cnean HHX rvraCcoBoro aRrmBHoro H.enoc.reJIC1'BeJHIOl'O Yl13CTInT B THi pTH8 aHCI{OM JIRIHI(eJ:nm, Q!l.H OK33"bTS-3J1J!1 .nO-BOJlbHn OUlYTIfl,lYlO nOMOIT(h napTTI38I1CIUlM OTPH.l:t<IM npO)tOB0J1bCT13HeM, 0PY)J{M-

eM, !IOWB.Il,bMH, .ll.eHbraMH.. .

Tax, na ot)1UeM coGpaBTTR 6YPH'f Hcexoncxom 06meCTB<l 22 H-fI· !a'a I'HI 1920 rona rOBOrnfJJOCh, srro i'I-l"M 13 BOeJ·l'llO-pe1ilO,T(JOuHQTlHhI1f 1\0- MIITeT BXO}.(:FIT 100 lI.BOpOB, 'ITO onn rrOCT3BJUlIOT co('ellHelvry XapH'I'Onoac KOMY BoemlO-peBoJn0L1110HHOMY lifTa6¥ ITpMyWl'hl 1-1 rpypa}I{ (MfIco, x.neG, ceno H rrp.}, ""{TO Oli'lf Mo6HJl~130j}a,fHi ] 0 nepxoasrx .Ifi:lluaIteJ! c Oell,.nUMH, e'Ke,[u·resHO nOc.rraB)1HIOT 1\El 10 c5JlHOI{OBfI iJIX [IO)J,BO)l:

C llMlll;ItK<lMIT.50

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-90-

}1~epTBaBaJllt 595 JIOliJ a)1.eu, 1131 rOMSY KPY j] koro por-aroro C~O'fO> [2555 nynos xneoa, 6786 nynoa osca, 4022 il)'.II.iJ MSlCH II 4-1291 tlYl1. CC1HI. OIHl ]l,Ml HX .HY'>l\ll, uucra srrnu 48059 rrO.ABO.!l. nepena.au THJ PTIJ;JaIJLlM. 22 RltHTOa[{H, 222 Cit'jl).lfHHW, 280' Jl.po!5onIT[(OIl, 35 WI)WeK, 776 }WX u wy6, 656 uap BilJJ uoa H ynToB.61

I MG!yra 1920 rOJHI U3CT)'IHII()UI,He y 3l1Jll1,l\::J 4aCTH Kpal:IIOIt AtM 1111 BMec.1·O c 11 a PT1I3i:lllCKlTMIT OTPsr)],U M.I n pesymsrare y nOJ1II blX on-

eil oCBoClo.uH III ['OpOA Bep xueyan lit' I OT Qc.nGlrIHlp.u.eilc1wx 1,- C 1>11 -

noncxrrx BotrClC lfepes, A"Ba }l..115l Ob\lII QCBo6o)T-;.L(el:l TPOIILlKOCllB'Cl{'

17 M apra uouetua uue II pencrae l1-TcJ1eii C6JLGIJr IIItCr{[!X, XO[lI!HC.lilLX 11 oapry3111-fCKIfX" 6YPRT C YL[!,ICn,eM llpeAcra.rwreJl51 ['ipKYTCI(Oro 01'nenu ~I<Ur,IIOJl;J Jlbl!OrO KOM.llTeT8 coaaano IlpeMerHI hi ir u6r.u,c.Gvp WfCl(I1 rr 1I81J,HDUa IbllL,ln 1.<.0 MUTeT. B cocraa ROMJlTCT;:J .BOW.!1U Lt. -PI1H1IUHU (npeacenarem.) , n. j1t1HfiIIH013 (1_'01Hl[lIIlU npeacena-rena) , Ll. A !('axaaos ".5. Ll,b1 P 11)1,a 1100 (npencraaurens CeJre.II[,H). B pC.MefHlIlIhl H euuouunsnu II IWMJtTe'p CTI:lIHI.~ sft1l.3'leil opr annaaujrm lHI MeL:TOI peBO.llI0t~110HtlblX KOMI{·1'6TOB n CQ3h1B C'be3)]':! OYPflT.

28 M:ilpl'<l [l BnjlXllcY.ll.111IC"'L{(' 01'J<[lblJ1:Cfl C'b~A npencraanrenert

TpYlJ,oBOrO HOPO)l)J, 110,IlY<TIIDUllln rrasuauue nepBOtO YL[PfI,'J,IIT JlI~H.oro C1,f!,.'l}FI 3aG a ih{.<lJlb5l. B 1.'1 II [I u6c)'t'e rrpn IIU Mill JI II Y'WCTue Il peneraaurean apMllu, lIapTI13<1Hl'I<HX OT1.H'J1,OR, [lapTfli1Hbt:X opr-auuaaunfi, pa- 60~IHX. U KpecTMIH, ncero 380 IleJlonel', B prrrcxoe uaceaexne 3auaii. IcaJ[bfl. IH.iJelOllJ,ee no nopM:JM npe.L(CTUBI1TeJlbCT1Hl 104 MeCT<'l, GliWD lTpc.J:{cTiIIMello n H Illb 23 )~eJleN1Ta MH, B TOM xucne I.lJIella MJI TOJIl)KO TJ'rQ C03AaIlHOfO BpeMellHoro oOmeGypHTC1{OrO uaunoaam-aero IWM!{rera. Do:nOMY OAt-! 3nnfllUlH, 'lTO lie.· MOryl' aapaxcar], ~BOJlll1 CBO· ero rjl YAO BOrO I:l 3 pen a» J1 ely,nYT yxa CTHOB aTb .B p a OOTG C'be3,na, He OCPH tt a ce(Hf 06f13a'l'eJrbCT13a B peureuunx C'De3.l{a.

nO aorrpocy 06 opr-auas aunn BJlaCTU (,'be3)], O)J,oGpH.II fl npnserCT.BOBaJJ YCTaJiOBl-IBmylOCII B crpase Cosercxyio BJltiC'I'D Ii ee BbIcmne opr a HhI I B TO )Ke ope-MR, «npMffilMaa 130 BHHM8HBe CJlomllOC'Tb MeIK' Jt:Y'Ha'p£I)lJrblX OTRollIetm!1 rra ,UaJlb-H6M BOC1'OK.e», C'bea,ll; IlOCTaliIOBBJI: <d. TIPH3II-BTb nenecoodpaamasr H rre06XOtl.UMb!M o6pa30saHlfe ca· MOCT05!TeJIb1l0H a~TOBOMHOH BJ1aCTH B npenesrax 3a6aBKaJIbH.J! )].iIzn.rrero BOCTDK3, 05'be.l{1fH51Io.ru.eii 06JI 8CTH: 3 a G aha JI bCKYJO, AM YPcK)OO, ilPIfMOPCKJllO, Caxa.naa JiI nosroey o.HyJ-Kj),eH1ffl BOCTOl£HO-K.uTafrcKoif }l,eJlea-Hoii AoporH. 2. YC'I'alIOBlITb 13 31'011 06JlaCTli BJI3C'I'b ll.eMOIql3THQecK)'IO,. npeJJ;CT3BJimo.my·10 Bee CJIOH uaceaeuxa C np11B-

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4. Bnpe)J,b ;11,0 saccoenaaeaaa C .llaJIb'HRM BOCT01WM opraaasoaars Haponao-penomonaoaayio BJIaCTh 3a6aitx3JlbH .•• it.52

-91-

2ha BJ]aCTb COg.n,aMJl2Cb H3 25 gJ]eBOB, B TOM lJ.HCJIe 2 6ypwr.

Iln aonpocy 06 opr aunaanau 13JlaCTli cpenn 6ypllTcKoro uaceaeHUR Jill 'be3)J.e He 6hl.~O IlpHlI5lTO peuieaan. DOJlbWHllC'l'a:O AeJ1er3TOS or pyccxcro uacerrernrn nucrynnao aa 1II1lU3IIlL811,R10 «aHMa'-llli;1X YIl-

P IHI,'!CIIU ii, TO ecre Opral-JlI33.Ullfl yeanuoro MaCillTa6a», C4HTaH, 'ITO

Hit 6YAYT IICl1QJ1b30B<lHbI GYPfl1'CKOfl 6yp:tKya3Hei1.

B t'130eM IlbH':TynJ1CUHJ1 na C1>e3,lle npe)J,l.:'raBH1'eJl.b ceaearaacxax Gypfl1' B. Ub1pe[J}l~aJ]OJ3 OTMel.j"aJI, B 48CTHOC'l'H, <iTO «6ypflTCKoe HI1- cenenue C cauoro B<.!4aJI<I noecrarn .. !eCKOrO )J,BIHKeUIHl bieC.ITO M<lTepllaJlbHYIO DOJlepml<Y peaomouun, cfia6)lWfl rraprnaarrceue OTPflJlbl

UCKJIIOllnTeJLbllO GYPHTCKHM II JIUUHlllhMJ..I, uecn n OABOJlflYIO nOIHIll-

HOC1'b B OOJLblllOM paa~epe».53

YlIpe4111'CJTbllblii t':'be3.n. "PY/J,RruJIXC» 11 napraaaa DpH6aJ'IKaJlbH B II pxneynuucxe npOl103rJHlCHJT 6 a ripen 51 1920 POAS C03J~al! He )J.~Jf.hlH:BOClOtI!lDI~[ peCTJyGJ!HJHl (AS P). PYI\oBO)IPrao 1l0JTI1THKOH .us p ocyurecransnocs xepes ,UsJlb6lopo UK PKn (6), sene pencraeuno nonunucnuoe u.J PKn(6). 14 M<lJl 1920 ron a Conerexaa POCCHll nqll! III r 3J1b1lO n p ll3H a JHl n pa Bl'Jl'eJlbCTBO .uSP l{a!{ npa BWreJIbCTBO ace. ro AaJl..bHeBOCTO'l.tlOrO xpaa. Tax a CJlOJRHblX YCJJOBHHX Me2l{,D.YHaP0)~J-10l'O nOJlOiKeHlUI roro nepuoua ofipaaoaanocs 6yrpepHoe rocynapCTBQ UB BOC'l.'OKe Poccaa,

I'panana ,USP C PC<pCP npOxO.!l,HJ]8 :no pexe Cenenre, CeneaTH.HCKHC GypWfhl OKa3alIHCb HE repparopaa JlByX rocynapcrs. I10.11eBOH eropoae pexa Ceaeurn-c-na TeppHTOpHJI pect>ep, a DO npaBOU: - II a rep PJ:I1'OP1HI D.B P .

17 snaapn 1921 rona npaaarenscreo ,UBP pemuno: «npH311a1'b aHMa'llfble (yeaaaue) ynpBBJ1eJilII.H, xourynnue n COMOHH.hIe (BO,IJOCTuue H Ce;J].bCKNe) !\OMJiTeTbI MBC'fHhIMH oprauaaa 6YPH'I'-Mo:l{fOJIhCKOro cBMoynpaBJH!R1U), BJ{JJlOrlflB B e)UIfJYlO crtcreuy ap;MllHI1CTpal'ImliblX opranoa _pecl1y'oJU!Kll»54

ITo IWIIC1'liTYUfHl L(BP, npansroa 27 anpena 1921 rona ee yqpeJlI1TeJIhHWM C06paJllleM. reppnropna, nacenenuas 6YP5JT3MIi, Bl,)J)l.eJlHJ1ae,;b B t3ypwr.MoHiOJ1bCKYIO ~BTOHOMllylO ODJlaCTb. B ee coer aBe ArM HCIUlii, B",prY3trnoKFlii, XOPIllIC~HU II t·uIKoric(oJii ill1:r-UKI:i

nBCeJIeHHeM 108,8 'fbi . 4e.n BeK eaearnucxne 6ypft.Tbl, BX0)l,IVW B

COCTaB QH1WfrCI(OrO akiMGlIUl, a lCOTOPOM ]-raCqH'f'bIBa.TlOCb 17262 nenoaexa,

9 ansapa 1922 rona nOCTal:fOBJleHlJeM Bcepoccmicxoro Llearpansaoro Hcnoarra'reasuoro Koxarera B COC-TaBe PC(])CP cosnaaaaacs BYPHT-MoHrOJIbOKaK aBTOHOMBaH o6J1acTh K3 5 aI1M2KOB: l)HKHHCKHH, 3XH_P ar- BYJlara1'CKHH, BOXaHCK.HH, AJlapclGru Ii CeJIeHrl'IHCKnii c saceaeaaeu 185,2 TblCRlIH 'IeJ]OBeK, B TOM lJflCJle 129 TbIC5IY Gy-

pST 170').

Tpannua CeJ'JerrrrJHCI<OTO aiiMaKa rrpoxOJUI.T1a no 1O)IIf(oli rpaumre crpaau C MorrroJJlrei.1, ITO pese Cenenre AO ropona Bepxueyaxncxa 111] BOCl'O~e H !TO x[le6TtIr-f XaMap-lIa6aH ITa cenepe II na aanaze. B coeT~n a~IMlilJ{a BXO)ln.nA XOlJIYHbl: Oponrofrcxrrri. CeJJeJlrTrFlCKrJl'.'i. rHl'eTY-1H'I<Hlt 3a IOJ MeIlCI{1i [;1', ROJIOCT'l1 Ff cratrmtu: 5I ar a }lHI'llCK.<l H, CenenrHHCI{aH, boproflcr<8)l, CapTFlJIO-ApMaKcKaH, IJ,a'KHpCKa5I, AT3MalW. HHfCO.TlaeBCI{ClH, TOPCHCI(S fl, )KeJlTypnTl~K,aH, Car au- YCYHcKa5l, HBOJJrlTFJCKB 51 C CeJTe-lmH M T1 A pcerrrseao, faH3Yf1fnIO, 3yeBcKoe, Ka GaJHlHexue, KOI<O pHIICFwe, Ko,rro6KOllClme, TlMDKlle-Y6YI<yHcKoe, CpenneY6YKYHCJme H roro,ll, Ce.lIeHTIUlCK.55

u B 1921 rOJlY cepsesayro yrpoay JlJIfl 3 a6 ai.iJ< tlJlbH npeJlCTaBJl51JIlJ neHp':Bll5I 6apOl-Ia YIiTC'PH8. 01UJoro 113 r.naaapeu oeJlorBapneiilleB B CnowpH, B 1917- J 9] 9 ronax nonpyvnoro aT8Malla CeMeB0s8 B 1920-21 roaax 38110eB8BUJero ~ nOMO~bl0 ~m.OHCK'I:!X IiMnepHaJI'HCTOB MOHrOJIHlo.

YlITepIl Hero rrOll-PYL(FlbIC Opr<lTrrr30B8,1J[l M acconsre .perrpeccrrn nporna peSOJII<'lUHOIntO Ri1CTpOermhIX 11a6oTEUlf{QB. B sucne HX 6b!JJ II nepllbl M npe.nce,'l:a'feJlb Ce.~eHrIiRCKoro 1;'1 r"nA auaoro KOMHTeTa C-M. B. llbr6V1T\jT<IPOB, xornporo B dreapane 192J rona fTO n_PIJK83Y 'YHrepna C'X'B8TrIJll1 ~OM 2 IT 3BepCI(fT y6n.nrr.

B ROTmp Mall 1921 ron a xpynnsre. noopyxcenusie CfI.f1bt 'YnrepHa II ;eFleptlJT<l, Pesyxmra 0~ralrn30BaJlJI nacryrurenae B n anpaanemra [1)OltIl,1I0C8BCKa ,J B plHIOHe pexu )KeJlTypa. OTp>.r:,lI,hf YHTepHa 6blJHf .nllT<BnLllIpOB~JI-Ib: oih llf1F1eHlLbIMIT crr.l1aMIf TlOMCK Kp acuos APMHH, ,ITSP II HapO,ltHO-peaOJlIOUIWIlAblX OTpHnOB MORTO.'lbCKoro· Bpeuea-

• IIOro peBOJUQI1)IOH Floro ora BfiTeJlbCTB3.

B moue YjifeD H II penn I1I-fH f1J1 rronropmra nacrynneans 1-1 a TpoHII,I{f)C811CK sepes Lllap aro,n, YCTb-RIIpal-l. 12 1II0llfj ou -13 4-5 Irn.rlOMeTpax OT ropoaa O~lJI pasrpourreu IT BbTTTY''']IeH 6r>rJ1 O1'01'h",. Taioxe lJ~mY>RIlPH GblJl ylHH lI3 panoua BOlJ,Hiicl{oro noce.mca reuepan Pe- 3YXlIFf. Hx nJlaff oO'he]umemISj FI 3<1XBaT~1 Tpouuxocascxa 6bTJJ copaan.

B KOHue llRM$1 1921 I'9Aa YHl'CPH npennpuaan HOlme HBCTynJIeJJlI:; na DYpl'JTHTO. 3a'leThIpe nHfI fioen oa 3[11UIJI Ue)KCH (rn-nre MnX~I ~JJOBI{<I), TIOCe;nOT( AT a MaHo-HtIK;O.'l aenCB:l'lH (HblHe Xa pa ua i%), Topelf, IKeJlTYPY, Hapnu, HruKHHi1 g Hoauji y[qeTb1. OTCI011,a 28 SlO.rHI OH Han[l<LBHJ(CH .n,ByMH KOJlOl-iHaMII B crcpoay - Ce.nCH)lYMbI 11 MblCOBCI\<1. He BCTpetJafI no nyrrr CJIen:OBamIH cepseanoro conporrrsnermn a:3:.B:J,01'~YT~TBmr BOOrY)KeHlLhl~ Cl'lJI, y~epHoBllbl aaxaa'l'H,1]H Eoprou. ~ ll.) ary, Hoso.Zl ~nf'l'plleBr\y. B p~ AOHe fYCHJIOOSepCKoro .n:a-naT-Ia JIM rrponJBOCIOH,71, O,ll,IIH 6C:ITfUlbOB crpenxosoro no.nxa Baranson O.bI..TJ OKjJy1KeH n POTHBHllK OM, ncc.ne Q}T<eCTO"lemrbIX ooeB rrpopnan OKJlY)f\el:U1e Fl orcrynn» J{ Cenenre, nepennaanncn H8 ee npa13blil 6eper.

1 aarye'ra YRrej1H saxnanor HOBo·CeJlelITHHCK, aaraM nanpanaa,

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cs no .)TeBoi! CTQPOlle Cenenrn B CTOPOHY BepweYlllUIC!<a. fO]1u,11, 61>1J1 06'hH13.lIeH na BoeHHOM rro.I]O}l<erH1H. HI..' .'loffJlfl .a.o nopona ua 70- 80 KUJlOMeTpOB, 3 ~BrYCTa YHrepH !lOBe.PRY J1 o6p a TIl 0 11 no ceacpnOM cropoae Iycmroro Oaepa lHlIT1J<lBJLlICH K rYCHII.Oo3epcKoMY na-,

U'1Hy. .

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B CBJl3lL C OKOHqaH1~eM r·pa}K.u.aHclmf'i Boit\-lbl 118 )J,aJlh1Il!M BOCTOiee orrraaa neo6xo.u.HMOC1'b B cymecracaaunn Gyq)epaoro rncynapcrBa-LlaJfbSeBOC'fOLIHOH p cny6JUl101. 14 l1onopfl 1922 rona Rap01l,HOe coopa nne nBP I1Pl1HfI,lTO nOCl'B HOBJlenUe 06 yn paamremm . pecny6J1lfKU 1-1 BXQJI{lleHlm B cocran PC<PCP. ] 6 H05J6pfl nocraaoanenaea BU1-1K PCcIJCP ,UBP OthflBJ1f1J)<lCb nepasnensuof cocrannof tJBCTbTO pcc])ep.

1105lBHJ1BCb peaJ1bH8fl 1303MO}HllOtTb o!5'he}l!Il1el'JHlI Anyx 6y"P5lTCi<HX aaroncaasrx o6.'f<lcreFT B o'!ury enjnryro pecnydmrsy. TIOC1'8HOBJTeHIfeM TIPe3H,II,lIYMa Bcepoccaacxor» Lleurpansnnro Hcncnnurern.uoro l\oW{TeTil 01' 30 M,151 1923 rona rryrexr 06"Le.1lllTTeHllH .a.Byx a13TOHOMIIl>lX 06JTaCTe'i1 6hl,'la opraarrsoaarra BYPfl'r-MoHTOJ1bCK<l5r AHTOROMB<lf[ COBeTCK(lfl COLJ;HaJlJIC'fIl'leCKa H PecJJy6JJJ-!J<;a.

B pecrrydnmce 6hTJlO opranuaosauo 9 ailMa[{QB: TYTIKTITICKHii,3xIIp'HT-13YJIaraToKJ-IH, Box a:HcroliJ , AJTapcKIIJi, Bepxueynrrncnua, XO.PHR('Kun, Tpormnocascnun, Bapry"3HHCKllI\ AnmCKH!1 B CQCT<lBe 95 xoIllynoa cnaeeaen HeM 435404 qe.tLoBeI\-a, B 1'O,M QliCJle 243391 6Y'PH'l'.

Ce.1leHrnHclme OYPflTbl B OCJ:lOllHOM nom 1111 B cocras Tpomrxocae- 1\01'0 a i"rM a 1< [J, ofh,e.1l.tll-lerrnoro )13 6hTl!T1JHX 411I~oJ1(,'ROro II Ceneurancxoro aUM8KOB (17 xourynon) .57

. C o·6pa30BallFfeM BY-PHT-MOlITOJThCl\Orr ACCP RaliaJTCfI HOBhlM ne-

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1. Hawlort3JThIlblii apxKB Pecrry6murn Byp.RTIUI (HAPB), 11>. 483, on. I, JJ.. 8 JI. 9.

2. HAPE, ifJ. 483, on. 1, n, 7, JL 45.

3. napTHHffbIH apxas BypwrcKoro oOKoMa KnCC (flAEO), $.69, OU. 2, .Q. 503,. Jr. 1. 4-. BOC[!OMrrnallID! U.-.l1.. Basapoaa; aplOIB aBT.Op3.

5. UeHTpa.lIblTwll" rocyaapcraeaaas apxus OIU)lI5PhCKOll pellomOI.UIH (u;r AOP)

ljJ. 1235, on. 80, A. 4B,.iJ.. 28.

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7. TaM 'IKe, Jr. 53.

8. TaM JK~, .rI. 80.

8. JlAPS, Ill, 4831 all. I, JJ;. 6, Jr. Il-I. ID. HAPB, I~. 483, all. I, I-l:. 44. Jr. 58. II. HAPB, cp. 483, on. I, A. 2, JI. 5::;.

12. HAPS, tp. 4-83, on, 1, A. 6, JI. 190+.

13. GUM11TJI,Op:lKHell ill" KI1M H. Cyy'l·u a :lK1l;~ fl6'YYJl8 rITI-.<I. ~Eypl1;jJl )/11311-", 1!W3. 31 MapTa, L anpenn.

14. Baryen B. E. 0 naUHOHBJIhlIOM )l,IlIPKelTlnl II fiYlJfITlI1! B n Plll)i~ ri(lllbUbI 'ill CUlleTcKYJO aaaers. TpyAl;.1 BOCTOlJ"IIO,Cllt'l,fpCl(QrO Ollri!llIUTe'lnOrO IIIICTHTyT'I. Bsm ~ I, YJIBII-Y,I1;3, 1962, c. I G.

15. 1MPE, !p. 483, em. 1. i1., 32, 7lJI. 10, 24, 26.

16. TaM iKe, JI. 28.

17. TaM JoKe, Jr. 26.

18. TaM me, Jr. 32.

19. TaM JKe, JI. 34 .

20. TaM lKe, Jr. 57. 2 1. TaM see, JI. 58.

22. urAOP. Cjl. 1235, on. 82, J_{. to, :1.11. 146-IIH.

23. HAPS, rp. 483, OIT. I, n. 32, .II. 59.

24. HAPB, ¢I. 483, (In. I, Il,. as, .1. 16.

25. TaM lKC, Jr. 19.

26. «B.lUlC:n. ·rpy Jla», 1918, 13 anpenn,

27 .• BeCTl-HII( Ccseroa ITpHDaiir(am,Il», 1918, 3 IIl0JII1.

28. HAPB, 41. 483, on. 1, A. 83, JI. SA.

29. TaM :.Ke, 1\. 45, JI. 7.

30. HAPB. tp. 305, on. I, n. n, .n, 202.

31. HAPS, rJl- 483, OD. 1, A- 32, JI. 02.

32. TaM >Ke, JI. 65.

33. TaM lKe, JJ. 69.

34. TaM me, z. 44, .rw. 136, lclfi~1-4-7.

35. TaM me, ll. 32, J1. 97.

36. TaM lKe, .q. 101-102.

37. TaM iKe, .II.' J09.

38. TSM .JKe, 'JI. 119.

39. TaM .IKe, JI. LOg-ItO.

40, HAPB, !II. 305, on. 1, n. 6, <I. 16. 41. TaM >K~, JI-. 216.

4:2. TaM )Ke. ,qJt. 224-225. 43. TaM Hie, 1I.rr. 232-233 . 44.. TaM me, JI:. 221.

11-5. Baryes E. B. I1apnHI oom,wellH.l(OB-opraillI3BrOp llOOeAbl COBen:.lWl'! nnacrn B BOCTO<rHoil Cn6Hpu. YJl:3~-YA3, 1971. c. 234-236.

46. BaJKeeB A. r. KOMMynuC'!'fi'letCK2H napTlUl-opraH~13a'fOp H DD,Q){]JOBlrTeJlb nap't1ISa.HCKOro ABlllKefllHI DYPlrrJlH, YJI.aJl-Y,!(3, 1960. Co 63.

47. Baryea 5. B. Bopboa sa BJlaCTb Coseroa J3 BYPJlTHIl. YJIaIl·YJl.:;I, 1977, c. 198. 48.' ITapTU3aHCIWe .1IBH.!KeHlie B oypJi'nm. Ct'lOp!UIK .Il.oKYMenToB. ~1J[aH·YAa, 1965, c. 59-60. . 'Tce

49. TaM lKe. Co 94.

50. Tall Ee_.C, 112,

-95- '

S 1. Xanra ea fL 'f. 6y~ HTIHI B rO)l,b1 f'paJK.AllflCKOIl Bom. Y JIan.Y~, 19&1, c. 170. 52. TB.M. lI<e, c. 204 •

.53. TaM. me, c, 20B.

5'1. lllYJlyr!(,.IB H. ,u. CT~ IIIlB,mll ne CO BC'fCKOJ:l n amlol1a.rrbll0fi TQCY-.llBpCTI>!.'.IIBllCTH II. BYJlR'TlHI (1919-1923 r(J,Il;bI). ~!;rratl.YA!J, 1972, c. 268.

55. ·h.M 2Ke, c. J63

~~(J. HcrOP1IlJ 0YPln·Cj,oft Acel'. T. II, YJJall-:YA~, 1959, c. 17J~176. b7. w.ynyuoa H .. .u. )fRa3. cou., c. 4Q9, 4·55.

3AI(JllOIJ E H.U E

3a npoiuemuae 70 ner C MlillHlfM ner nOCJIe oOpa30ntlHHSJ Bypar.MoHrOJlbCKol'i ABT0l10MHOlI CoaeTCKOi"J Coua 11 JtllCTlI'leCKoil: PeelTy6JTHKft 6yjJHTCKHH HapO}].,B TOM '1HCJle CeJH!HrHUCKJ1e GypKTb\, rtpomna UYTb, KopeFlHbIM 06 p a30M 113MemfBlllH ~I I1X X03IDlcTBeHHbrlI, OblToaoH YI{JIiJ.u, counananoe nOJ!O>l{eHHe II [{YJrbTypHwll ypoaens, .

C Oop83QBaulleM 0YPHT-MorrrOJlbCIWfl ACCP 6ypHTCXHH uapon anepasre B csoea HCTOpJHI HOJrYlJ.J!IJl caoio l:IaltlJOI-HIJlbHY10 rocynapcr. seI:llWCTb.

B a.uMIHIII.crpaTlulfloM YCTpoiicTS€ cenenruucxax 5ypflT' aa 31'11 ron hI n POHCXO.u:trJUl H eozm ox p aruue H3 M enenna, nepeK.pOllI{ II rp a Hi III aHMBKoB, PSHOFIOB. B xomre 20-x r0)10a 13 COC1'aae pecny6.J1MKIi C03- naaanucs paiioHbI (alfMaRI1), CeJlbCIHJe (CuMoHHble) cOBeTbl, JIUKallAHp013aJUICh BOJlOCTH (XOWYIIW) RaK npoMemyro'lHl>le 3BenMI Me1KAY UHMA.

1'13 cocraaa Tpom:I.KOCaBCKoro aiiMaKa lH:i1J(eJlJ1J1Cll CeJreHrIrnc.KHl1 aIiMaK, BKJlIOlJ.aSIl.LEIH a ce6n lJ6.CTb nsmenmero I1BoMHHcrmro parlOH a ( 0 p OU rOR, B as H -ron, Xy p a M rna) H astueumze CeJIeHrmrcKul1 n )J.iKHJJ,IIHCKH.H p aiioBhI.

1 i epeB P ana 1935 rona 113 COCTa B a Cea enrauc KorDa J:l M a ria BwMJJI'IJICH. LbKH.D;HHOKjIlM aaMaR.. a 3 rpeapans 1945 rO.11;8 )'13 COCT8.aCl nOCJIeAHero~ ToperlC1SEl.i-I al1MaK. B 1960 rony Topeflclmi1 f1lIM81{ BHOBb aomen B cocraa JI,1KUi(HllCKOro au.M<'IKO'l.

25 a BryC'I"8 1939 rOA8 oopasol3aJlcjl 11 BOJlJ"lmCImii ail Mal( c nepenases e!>lY OPOHfOH:CKOrO KYCTar.r3 cocraaa CeJl'eHrHHCKOrO aJhl~~ xa, B 1960 ro,uy uacns a HMaKa BBOBb nepenaaan acs Ceneur JiHCKOMy ai1 MaRY, [I B 1963 ro.ll.Y OO'bc.ullHcrr e Ta.p6ar.dniI'icKIl M pai.\oHoM, B 1965 rony OJU:l CraJUI uaausarecn YJlan-Yp,:,mC1\UM Ce;1bCf.:HM putlOHOM .• B 1986 roAY HeOJtrmlcKHH P<lHOH BBO'Sb OblJ1 aOCCraHOBJleu.

Ilepaue xpymure H3MeneHlUI .B xoaaacrae II 6blry 6hlBUlMX C1WTOBOAoa CEHI3aflbi C KOiIJleKTHBH3au:Elei1 CeJ1bClW]'O X03m'\cTBa. Hecsrorps aa l~MeBUlHeC5:I Be,!J._OC1'arKH, rreperutia 1'1 OU!H6KH a ee npoae.D;eH.HH, on 8 B uenOM OTBeq ana X03fl ti: CTBelIlI6IM, 6 aro BbI M H COlVIa JIbHO-KYJlhTYPHblM rrOTpeOaOCT5I.M npocrux JIIo.ueH. I(oJIJlCKTH.BHblH TPY.u, ObiT B HOBbI'X YCJlOBlHlX COOTBerCTBOBan Tpa.tt.IIUHOIfHoa, H3JJ.<lBml CAO-

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iKlmnreflc51 cpeax oypwr npaxrnxe 06m;RRHqro Be,lteHJHl X035:1i!CTB3,

. rp a J(HIUUlM co B MeCTHoro TOBap nmeexorc o15m;cH 1.151 H a IIp a3JJ,HHK3X (o6mlh~, caraarrausr, CB<1,l1.b6bl) 1 no 13peMH CT8XRRFlblX 6e.ll,CTBll"B (6ecKopMH~a. nO}Kap, ll.3YJl). aec-rscrrrax cnynaea, CMepTJoI IT T.Ll.

C03)l:3H He T0B a pHIueCT13 TIO COI3M eCTHO H 06 P a60'I'Ke ae MJlH. cens-

clwxmHlI'%c1'BeHHblX a·pTeJIefJ:, I{oMMYH, rrpoxommrnee rro rnnm;F13THBeH nOjl PYKOBO,1l:Cr1WM nap1'lI1\ublx H eOIleTCKHX opr-anoa, B ueJIOM "ACTpeTlI.710 TIOIHIM3HJ.le H TIOllllep}Jmy OCtJQBHI,lX M act TPY;1UUU1:lXC51 ceJIellT'T'IlfCT{F1X 6YP>IT. Ecrecraen HO. HMe;nl Meno QC06CHfH) na nepaax nopax, npmJl3JJeH1Hl rrexoropof n<lcCImHOCTEI. He.l1013epIHJ, HenOAHMa- 1'I"H Sl R090T'11 lleJl;>I, KO[H~miblM oop aBO,", MeHS1BllIero X03!Tt-:fC'J"BerHmrfr. 661TOEoi1 YI{J1a,1l:. B 01'.ne..JJbHbIX Mecrax (13. Hoexone. rnmpFIMep) ITMe.ITa MerTO asrcryrtneaaa aporna nax. OllH3KO HeCMO"PIr na Bee - KQ»etiarlAn. onaceann. 3BalJIlTeJJbH35I 'HleTT> Rpel'.'TM111 B 1930-1931 roaax ObI Jt '" OXE a '1eHa KOJJ Jl eHTM lUI 3 a rrHei~ -OM Jlil CO~.IJ,"a AN cp en H CeJJeHrFfBCl{HX 6YPRT ('OTHH Me..(lKHX 1'0'308. t(OllX030A f.l T{OMMYU .

T\I1Jt,rreK'I'JilR]:'I3.anml' C·t'JTbC.l<:f)ro XO'Hlfi'C.1'Bi'l r.m1pOBo)!(.n;aJT3Cb 'I'3KHM:

KpyURhlM MepOnplUI'l'lleM I{llK ocenanac J{O'feBOro H" nOJIYKO'JeBoro' rra cenenns. ccenerrne oyp ItrCK"1iIX )(03fl1iCTH 13 l\OJIX03HhIe uenrpsr, B J11i!3YJIb1'aT('. 9TOT'O 6V[H1'1'f'lnTE' X035IIlc.TBo:1. IlMeEmHe panee JJeTlImrn I! 3 HM H"THOI, fH1CnOJTO}J{,eH"HbTe 0150C'06.'1 e 1m oe;UH!OJfn;qlIblMI~ X03, 5lHCTB a _ MH ITO I3ceM JJ;OJI'I1HaM If YPOqJolIU3M. C.CE'JHIJTHC.h B omto rmJI;{mmoe ceno. Ta xoe C'ce.rr etrne. CO'3n anne e;Uiflbl:X a P l1eJJbRhTX cen cn0000 C1'BOBaJTO cjJOPMIfPOBaJfFl}O He TOJJbl{O efll-UIOT'O XQ"lmkTHeJ:nJoro I(QJJJJeKTHBa. 1:10 1'1 MelUlJ10 rrOBc.eJ(BeBAblT1 ObIT.

Ecntr pansrne 6yp$1'1' bl )KHJJH pa3p03lTe+!RO. ITa onpeneJJ"eJ-THOM pacCr051HHll npyr J)'f .11;p:yra [10 BceA n:OJlHnE', TO reneps OFIN CT31Hl 'KMTb no eoceacrey. eX{eJ1,HeBFID oomallCb !fe'1'O.)1bKO Ira paI'50Tf'!. HO If TIO .!tONY, ITO coceacrey. Tlnn 9'fOM f5ym!Tbl lmeCJ1H .~ Hmn,le YJIYChT Fl C]3011 1'pa.1l:Ho,HoffHble YCTosumUrec:If npHBtIlI.Im o.l'5-yc'I'pol'krea caoero n:Bop,3-He nenamr He l'OJIbTto l'JIVXIH'., no H Boo(5m.eK<J.KHe-JJut"io saOOphl. 91'a xap::HITepHl'I-I! ,rrAfi CTenHflKOB ~l"KPb!TOCTb a ObiT)' orpa)K aJ)" a rrp Flcyrn:ln~ RM, nx IlCHXO.rrOl'l'f11 KOJ! JISl<TK"B.RCTCKHft. nyx. IT p a BAa. B rTO"C'JTeJme.e 'RpeNUl Bcel'5o.'lbme C'I'a,n:H YCTpaHBi.'P_T", rJlr:-~le, S8:R,Kpbll'ble nnopu.

B T'OnN BTOpOr! rurrllJreT!m (1933-l!!l37 rOllbJ) t{Q,7JJJel{"fHBB3aUHf! censcxoro XDS.!1"MCTT33 !'SbIJIa B OCHOB1I0M sasepruerra. B TPY1l:HhlX H CJIO}1{HbTX yCJI OBl1"S!X. nE'"peJRJ.rlli1 eMbix C't'p a-ao$tB- n pen BDeM H hIe roms. KO,ITX08HOe KpeC'rb£HCl'BO BYPRTI1H ltp('Si-UlQC'b HeMa:JIbIX .[oc"nl>Keml"H. BhlJI<l ocvnrecranena Mex8ID13aIDI5r seprroaoro nponanoncrna -[1051- BHJ1IlCb B o6~JJbruOM' J{o.JI.EltIeCTSe rpaxropu, KOM6aMHbI If npyrtre cellbCKOX03HHC"[BeHHble MamTIHIJ. )K_HBOT:lWBO.11;CTBO, HeCMOTp!1 aa GOJIb~ WHe rrorepn noro.eosss CKOTa BHB:qaJIbHblH nepnon rmJlJTei<THBIi3a·

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nID[, TaK>Re pasaaaanocs, cosnanaancs HOBhle~ DOJIee nponyxraartsre nopona xpyrmoro poraroro CTmTa, oaen, XOTn Ff Me;qJIemTO. YBeJIHImnanocs npOH3Bo.n;CTBO OCHOllHNX BH.n;OB nponYIOI.HT:I eenscacro XOSRHCTBa.

Ilepntre ycnexa B pa3BTITIU, Ce.ilhcrwfO X03IDTCTB3 Obl.lIH 'QTMeqeHhT BO BpeMJJ npaeaa rrpe.nCT3B1:I'Teneif 1'pYJUnnHXCST EYPHTIfH pyno. Bo.rr;H'I'eJJ.HM"H napnnt H rrp annreascraa B Moc'RBe B mmape 1936 rona. B qRCJIe rrepastx 57 Harpa>K.lI.NTHhlX op.lleHaMH COBe'l"CKOrO Coiosa Obl.rrH 11 nepenonaxn CeJIbCKOrO xoaaftcraa H3 Ceaenmncxoro, n}I{]{.lI.HHCKOrO l~ I\ffX1'RHCKOro aHMa"KOB ,U. 3pADmeeaa, H. BanMaeB, n.

Haacapaeaa, H. OIfHPOB K ApyrRe. .

Penpeccnn 30-x ronoa KOCRyJHlCh ij cenenraanes. HeM ano IlX, occtieano IT3 IT1{CJJa naM, a 1'arOKe PH,UOBbJX rPY)KeHlf.KOB CT8Jrn }KepT- 13 a MH neoo DCHOBaBJ'ThlX of)BTmeHlJfI, t'ir,r JIll SbICJT a nsr C P O.ltHbl X veer H /la}[<e apee1"OBaH101 J~ paccrpemrasr.

B ronu Be.rrH1wH 01'eqec'I'Bemrofi BoifHbT T{QJIX03HO~ nponasonerno lmFi;)10Cb OCHOBl'TblM TlOCT<laTIunWM CeJI.bCKOX03m'{CTBeBHoH IJpo.1lYT{URn ItJHI ctJPOHTa H 'I'bl1la. B TO iKe BpeMR KOJlX03bI c novoim,ro roCY.IL3 pcrna 5!'BJUJJTHCb OCBOBHOR OffOPOR 1I,JTSI CTapHKOB. eTeit CITrOT B 'l'fl}Ke.nhre aoennsre rOJ[b1.

B ITOCJTeBOeHHhTe rO)l,ET B CeJlliCllJ)M x03mkTll-e cenenrntrcxnx I5vT'flT npOHflOillJIf{ 38Me'J'JfbTC C.ILHHrn B ,llyqurylO cropony. TIpaR.lI.R. npo, senennsre n pasnue ronu He no T{Q'FJU'a nponyxauaae MeporrpHflTTuT rro Yl{py'lTReHlT10 KOJTX03013 He TOJTblW He 11.3 JIll }KeJT3eMblX pe3yJlbTaTOB. HO Ii O'l'PHU<lTe..JlhHO CIH13amIC'b na npOTl3FlOJICTBel-THblX, courra.nr.Ho-ry,11bTYpHbIX H 6bITOBhlX noxaaarensx, oC''-lOe.t:JHO B T2[{ naasraae. MbTJ{ Ma;/IbTX cenax,

CeJl1'>CKoe x03~rikTBO rrpeaparnnocs fl «pvmtoe MexaHlT,HlrOT~aHHoe M'FrOrooTpac,rreBoe X03-RRCTRO. "Shlror,rnr S8MeQI:lTe,lTbHble TGIJtpl,r PYKOBOIl,HTeJlef!l xosm{cTB, cneIUi8.1urCTOB ncex OTpaUreH-jlUIBOTHOB01l;0B. 3eMne,u,e,JThU'ea, MeXaHIf3 aropoa If apyrax. IT epenoamor 11))0- H3BOJICTB a 3 a c.nymeHHO oTMei:reHBT BbTCORl1M H Harp an a MH PO){ HHhl. JJ:oc-raTOqKO Ha:ire81'b Tepoea C.OUK8JII'!CTHlJeCKOrO i'PVLI8 CeJIeHrHHUe"Pl )K. B. BaH!{eeS8, r.n.r, UblpeMTIH,T[OBY. r. Jr, Paenaeaa. n. IT. /Ka,nCafJOBY, B. r. POMasoBY H MHOrHX npyrax ,'If{aTOKol' cnoero nena,

no peBOJIJOUHH na repparopmr paccenenns ce,lIeHT'IHICKHX 6YPRT no cynrecrtry He ObWO npOMbmr,neH1lblX npe.nrrrlJ.1flTrfR, eC,JTl[ lie cnarars "Memnfe o6pafiaThlB810TUHe rrpeznpanrns, COJleBarenlThrrr 38S0.lt. 38 1T0Me.n;mLe l1,f~Cfl.TIlJIeTI·HI ar a 'feppHTOTHB! npeapartctacs B xpynHpTJ{ np"OMbllUJleJ1fTblti Il alim!". B 'ROFIne 3D-x ronca, noeTpoen a IKeJJ'es· HO.ltOpO}KHa5f ,TrlfHlHI ¥naH-YD.3-HaYlIIIUi. npoxonsmaa ITO repparopJ1H ceJIeHrIlH5=ICHX 6YPS1T: no H~o.rrnmCI{O'MY, CeJIeRPHHcROMy, 11>1<1-1- n;IfH~KOMY, l(srxTHHCKOMY pai.icmaM. nOCTpoeHN If ~elkTBYlOT rYCH-

-98-

H003epCKHe maXTbI, I'ycanooaepcxaa rpac, panaoaason, KaxTBHcxas rrpHnBJJbHD--TpH,KOTama.aff q,.a6pHK3, CMeHtzy:MCKH'H SaBOA H MuorHe npeanpaaras MecTRoH IlpOMCllllJleHHOCTH_ lis cpeaa upoii"KKX GYPH!' -SbrineJI B IlHC.Jle MHOI'HX npyrax ceaearaacaax 6YPflT paOOQI1H HoaoH Cllen;HaJIhHOCTJI-WaXTep I'. TytlHBOB, Y.D.OCTOeHBblH asaaaa I'epoa COuaBJlMCTHQeCKoto Tpyna.

BeJIJll:JaLflllHM .D.OCTH1KeaHeM acero COSeTCKOI'O aapcaa, B TOM qHCne paaee YI'SeTeBRElX nepyccxax aapoaaocrea, BBJUlIOTC5f 60JlhlllHe ycnexa B oo.rracTH pa3BHTIHI KyJlbTYPbl. Hasaaas C 3D-x rO,1l,OB He 1'OJIbK;O JIHKBHjI,upo.aBaa Oll!JIaH rrOQTH cnnotnaaa aerpaMOTHOCTb naceneaan, 80 K ,!J.OCTurHYTO IIp 3K"nIlJeCKH aceocmee caa I.J.3JI a B a'l.aJIbHoe, CeMHJIeTHee, sarea cpenuee 06H3a'l"eJll:!Hoe otipaaoaaaae nonpacTBIOm,UXIlOKOJIeHHii:,

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oomeoepaaoeareasaax mxoa, CneI{HaJIhIrhLX Y'le6HbIX 3BBeJleHHH.

Buaurae CTenmnlli-CKOTOBO.D;bI II.QJlytUIJIH BblCllIee H cpenaee CneIl.H8- JlbHOe oopaaoaaaae lTO MRorlIM CrreUlHlJIbHOCTflM. DepSbIMH B CeJIeRr1illCKHX .D.OJIIlli8.X rrOSlB)iJIHC"h npocpeCCHR yrrnTeJIeH, 13paQeit, SOOTexliHKOB, arpOlIOMOB, aerepanapoa, MexaBH3BToPOB: COTHll H TblCWII'I 'I'aKH.X CneIJ,HB.rri'lCTOB BHCOKOH KBaJlHcpHKaIJ,HH o6c.ny)lUmaIOT HbI):Ie aY>K.ILbT Ce.IIblIaH. B peJJ,KOK cease CeJIeHrJIHCKlIX 6YPRT Her CneIJ,HBJIJ.iCTOB C BblCWHM H CpeAJ;IHM 06pa30BaHlleM, 3aTeM IlOliBHJIHCh Y ypoxceauea Ceaeara esoa mUK,eIlephr, paGO'I'HRKiI KYJIhTypHo-npOCl3eTI1TeJlbHhIX yqpe}I{,Il.erIHii, YlJ.pe2K:){elillH I1CKYCCTBa H. ApyI'!ie. P anee He H3BeCTHhIe cpeJJ,ll 6yp51T OtIarH K;yJTb1'Yphl, Kalr oH6mIOTeKH, KJIY6h1, n;OMa H zraopnu KjJIbTYPHI CTaJII{ HeOTbeMJIeMQ:H Q3CThfO noscenaeaHOH JIU!3HH OhiBillHX crerrnxx t:l{QTOBO,ll.OB. fOPJlOCTblO H cnaaoa 1lX. .SIBJIIDOTCH 3adIYJKe.HHbl.e ynurens, 13 p a 'liI., .Ii Y JlhTrI pOC13eTp a6 OTHHKH, CnelJ,HaJIRCTlir CeJIhCIWrO X03flHCTB!l, aoropste JIMerOTCfl HNI.Ie B K<1JKAOM ceae, Ka}KJJ,OM x:03HficTBe.

Pa60THUKli nayxn, K¥JIhT)lPbl H ncxyccrsa 1 pynarcs He TOJIh]{O tra pOJJ,HblX cenencaacxax npocropax, H0 FI 3<J FIX npeaeaaxa, TaR, CEIIl oomecraenrroro .ue5I'l'eJIH CeJleElTI'I8CKPfO aj;'rMaKa B 1917-1920 ro)(ctx Panaaacaoa DHMoaeBa, ypoaceaua K5IX'l'b1, PenlIHH CT8Jl axaJJ,eMHKQM MOHI'OJlbCKpH aKa.ueWIH HaYK. Yposceaen ;O_:}I{HJlllRCKKX CTeneii 11,. U. XaRn:YeB HBJlHe1I'CH QJIeSOM-'KoppeCIIOHp;e1iTOM axanesraa HaYE K,llIprbll3CTa.:-a II pa60TaeT S ropozre B amzexe, CeJleEITInIl{8lMJI }lBJIftIOTCH JJ,OKTOpa aayx aacnysceaaae ,lI;eSITeml HaYKH POCCrlCKOR CIleJJ;epaUlfH B. C. CaB)KHeB, JJ.. ,U. JIy6caaoB, r. JI_ CaH}I{HeB, n.s. YJlblM1KHeB, B. D. Baryee, JJ,oI{TOpa aays, rrpco eccop a H. U. MYRJ{Je.B, U,. B. DYAaeB, C. m. Harnypon, C. C. Ba.n.MalJ,bIpeHOB, MHO-

rae KaHJl.H,IlaTbl aayx, noneara,

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