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3. (a) k2 – h2 = (k – h)(k + h)
7.652 – 2.352 = (7.65 – 2.35)(7.65 + 2.35)
= (5.30)(10)
= 53
(b) (x – y) = 32
2
x2 – 2xy + y2 = 32
x2 – 2(–5.5) + y2 = 32
x2 + 11 + y2 = 32
x2 + y2 = 21
3(x2 + y2) = 3(21)
3x2 + 3y2.= 63
4. 8y2 + 2y – 21 = (4y + 7)(2y – 3) --- (1)
x3 x3
5. (a) =
3m mx xy 3 y m (3 x) y ( x 3)
x3
=
(3 x)(m y )
1
=
m y
a3
=
4b
3 2 3 2
(c) =
x 3x 2 2x x 3x 2 ( x 2)
3 2
=
x 3x 2 x2
3 2( x 3)
=
x 3x 2 ( x 2)( x 3)
= 3 2( x 3)
x 3x 2
= 9 2x
x 3x 2
x2 x 6 x 3 3x
4 ( x 3)( x 2) 4
(d) = x 2 2x
9 3x 2x 3(3 x) 1( x 2)
x2 6 x
4 1
= = 1
3 3
3n x
6. (a) m
n4
3n – x = m(n + 4) [ cross-multiply ]
3n – x = mn + 4m [ expand ]
3n – mn = 4m + x [ shift terms consisting of variable “n” to LHS ]
n(3 – m) = 4m + x [ factorise ]
4m x
n
3m
4(2) (0.5)
3 (2)
8.5 = 7
1
5 10
7. 3
m2 k h
m2 h3 k [ shifting of terms ]
x y 1
9. 2 --- (1) (Time = distance ÷ speed)
40 50 2
6x 4 y
14 --- (2)
30 50
x 4y
(1) × 4: 10 --- (3)
10 50
(2) – (3): 6x 4 y x 4 y
14 10
30 50 10 50
6x 4 y x 4 y
4
30 50 10 50
2x x
4
10 10
x
4
10
x = 40
40 y 1
Substitute x = 40 into (1): 2
40 50 2
y 1
2 1
50 2
y 1
1
50 2
y = 75
10. (a) x2 = 9 OR x2 = 9
x2 – 9 = 0 x= 9
(x – 3)(x + 3) = 0 x = ±3
x – 3 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
x = 3 or x = –3
(b) x(3x + 1) = 14
3x2 + x – 14 = 0
(3x + 7)(x – 2) = 0
3x + 7 = 0 or x – 2 = 0
x = 21 or x = 2
3
(c) 7x2 = 4x
7x2 – 4x = 0
x(7x – 4) = 0
x = 0 or 7x – 4 = 0
x= 4
7
x= 1 or x = 1
2
PR RQ 5 RQ
(b) ,
PS ST 9 ST
Hence, RQ : ST = 5 : 9
16. y (x + 1)2, y = k(x + 1)2 (where k is a constant)
when y = 12 when x = 1, 12 = k(1 + 1)2
4k = 12
k=3
Hence, the equation is y = 3(x + 1)2
When y = 27, 27 = 3(x + 1)2
(x + 1)2 = 9 OR x+1= 9
x2 + 2x + 1 = 9 x + 1 = ±3
x2 + 2x – 8 = 0 x + 1 = 3 or x + 1 = –3
(x – 2)(x + 4) = 0 x=2 or x = –4
x – 2 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
x=2 or x = –4
Since x is positive, therefore x = 2.
1 k
17. (a) y 3
, y = 3
(where k is a constant)
x x
k
when y = 10 when x = 27, 10 = 3
27
k
10 =
3
k = 30
30
Hence, y = 3
--- (1)
x
(b) when y = 60, substitute into (1)
30
60 = 3
x
60 3 x = 30
3 1
x=
2
3
1
x = (cube both sides)
2
1
=
8