WIND POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

WIND TURBINE

POWER PLANT

CONTENTS:-

03' BLOCK DIAGRAM&IT'S COMPONANTS.

03' WORKING OF WIND TURBINE POWER PLANT. 03' ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES.

03' TYPES OFWINDTURBINE POWER PLANT.

03' STATUS OF WIND TURBINE POWER PLANTIN INDIA. 03' SITE SELECTION FOR WIND TURBINE POWER PLANT. 03' CONCLUSION.

03' REFERANCE.

WIND TURBINE POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS SANKDASARIYA SHAILESH B. ENRL NO-090760 111025 SSASIT (E.C. DEPARTMENT)

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

WI N D POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

WIND POWER PLANT

~AIM:-TO STUDY ABOUT WIND POWER PLANT.

The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity to power homes, businesses, schools, and the like.

~BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

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~The schematic arrangement of a wind turbine power plant is shown in figure.Themain components of plants arebreak down into three main sections:

1) THE NACELLE,

2) THE ROTOR

3) THE TOWER.

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

WI N D POWER PLANT

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

ENERGY SYSTEMS

~DESCRIPTION OF NACELLE COMPONENTS:-The nacelle sits atop the tower and contains the gear box, low- and high-speed shafts, generator, controller, and brake. Some nacelles are large enough for a helicopter to land on.

~ANEMOMETER:Measu r es the wind speed and transmits wind speed data to the controller.

~BRAKE:A disc brake, which can be applied mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically to stop the rotor in emergencies.

~CONTROLLER: The controller starts up the machine at wind speeds of about 8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and shuts off the machine at about 55 mph. Turbines do not operate at wind speeds above about 55 mph because they might be damaged by the high winds.

~GEAR BOX: Gears connect the low-speed shaft to the high-speed shaft and increase the rotational speeds from about 30 to 60 rotations per minute (rpm) to about 1000 to 1800 rpm, the rotational speed required by most generators to produce electricity. The gear box is a costly (and heavy) part of the wind turbine and engineers are exploring "direct-drive" generators that operate at lower rotational speeds and don't need gear boxes.

~GENERATOR: Usually an off-the-shelf induction generator that produces 60-cycle AC electricity.

~HIGH-SPEED SHAFT:Drives the generator.

~LOW-SPEED SHAFT: The rotor turns the low-speed shaft at about 30 to 60 rotations per minute.

~WIND DIRECTION: This is an "upwind" turbine, so-called because it operates facing into the wind. Other turbines are designed to run "downwind," facing away from the wind.

~WIND VANE: Measures wind direction and communicates with the yaw drive to orient the turbine properly with respect to the wind.

~YAW DRIVE: Upwind turbines face into the wind; the yaw drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the wind as the wind direction changes. Downwind turbines don't require a yaw drive, the wind blows the rotor downwind.

~YAW MOTOR: Powers the yaw drive.

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

WI N D POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

~DESCRIPTION OF ROTOR COMPONENTS:-

~ROTOR BLADES: Blades utilize the principles of lift to convert the energy of the wind into mechanical energy. Stall-regulated blades limit lift, or momentum, when wind speeds are too great to avoid damaging the machine. Va riable- pitch blades rotate to minimize their surface area and thereby regulate

rotational speed.

~PITCH DRIVE:This system controls the pitch of the blades to achieve the optimum angle for the wind speed and desired rotation speed. At lower wind speeds a perpendicular pitch increases the energy harnessed by the blades, and at high wind speeds, a parallel pitch minimizes blade surface area and slows the rotor. Typically one motor is used to control each blade. Power is either electric or provided by hydraulics in the nacelle, and supplemented by a hydraulic accumulator in the event of system failure.

~EXTENDERS: These steel components serve as a means to support the rotor blades and secure them to the hub

~HUB: The hub serves as a base for the rotor blades and extenders, as well as a means of housing the control systems for the pitch drive. It rotates freely and attaches to the nacelle using a shaft and bearing assembly.

~DESCRIPTION OF TOWER COMPONENTS:-

~TOWERTowers are made from tubular steel (shown here), concrete, or steel lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more electricity.

~BASEThe base supports the tower and transfers the loads to the foundation soil or bedrock. The foundation size and type depends on the foundation conditions but is typically constructed with steel-reinforced concrete.

~FLANGESANDBOLTSThese items join tower segments.

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

WI N D POWER PLANT

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

ENERGY SYSTEMS

~WORKING OF WIND TURBINE POWER PLANT :-

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1) FAN BLADES:The wind turbines comprises of the large fan blades which are connected to the hub.

2) SHAFT:The hub is mounted on the shaft. When the atmospheric wind blows over the fan blades they start rotating, due to this the shaft also starts rotating. If the wind blows very fast the brakes are applied to control the speed of rotation of fan blades and the shaft.

3) TRANSMISSION GEARBOX:The speed of rotation of the shaft is very slow and it is not sufficient to produce the electricity. To increase the output speed the shaft is connected to the gear box.

4) OUTPUT FROM THE GEARBOX:The input is given to large gear of the gearbox rotating at slow speed and output is obtained from the small gear hence the speed of the output shaft increases.

5) ELECTRICITY FROM THE GENERATOR:The high speed output shaft from the gearbox is connected to the generator and it rotates inside the generator. It is here that the electricity is produced.

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

WI N D POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

~ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF WIND TURBINE POWER PLANTS:-

~ADVANTAGES:

.:. Wind energy is friendly to the surrounding environment, as no fossil fuels are burnt to generate electricity from wind energy .

• :. Wind turbines take up less space than the average power station. Windmills only have to occupy a few square meters for the base, this allows the land around the turbine to be used for many purposes, for example agriculture .

• :. Newer technologies are making the extraction of wind energy much more efficient.

The wind is free, and we are able to cash in on this free source of energy .

• :. Wind turbines are a great resource to generate energy in remote locations, such as mountain communities and remote countryside. Wind turbines can be a range of different sizes in order to support varying population levels .

• :. Another advantage of wind energy is that when combined with solar electricity, this energy source is great for developed and developing countries to provide a steady, reliable supply of electricity.

~DISADVANTAGES:

.:. The main disadvantage regarding wind power is down to the winds unreliability factor. In many areas, the winds strength is too low to support a wind turbine or wind farm, and this is where the use of solar power or geothermal power could be great alternatives .

• :. Wind turbines generally produce allot less electricity than the average fossil fuelled power station, requiring multiple wind turbines to be built in order to make an impact .

• :. Wind turbine construction can be very expensive and costly to surrounding wildlife during the build process .

• :. The noise pollution from commercial wind turbines is sometimes similar to a small jet engine. This is fine if you live miles away, where you will hardly notice the noise, but what if you live within a few hundred meters of a turbine? This is a major disadvantage .

• :. Protests and/or petitions usually confront any proposed wind farm development.

People feel the countryside should be left in tact for everyone to enjoy it's beauty.

~TYPES OF WIND TURBINE POWER PLANT:-On the basis of the location or the area of installation of the wind farms, wind farms are distributed in four different types. Different types and different number of wind turbines are used in different locations. The types of wind farms are given below

1. Onshore

2. Near shore

3. Offshore

4. Airborne

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

WI N D POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

~ONSHORE:It is that type of wind farm in which the wind farms are created on the onshore areas and all the installations of the required amount of the wind turbines generally paced in the hilly or the mountain area is referred to as the onshore wind farms. Basically these kinds of wind farms are created to avoid the topographic conditions of the wind energy. Wind turbines should be placed very carefully because a distance between wind turbines in the wind farms really matter because we can increase the output of the electrical energy.

~NEAR SHORE:Another type of the wind farm is the near shore, it is that type of wind farm in which the wind turbines are arranged on that location which is almost in the radius of 3 km is called as near shore wind farms. These locations are beneficial for the created a wind farm because the pressure of the wind in these areas comparatively

high from the other location. So they are able to generate more power.

~OFFSHORE:The third type of the wind farm is that type in which wind turbines are installed on the areas that are out of the shoreline, almost 10 km from the land is referred to as the offshore wind farms. The wind farms in those areas are comparatively better because they are away from the obstacles like on the land and the pressure of the wind is also good.

~AIRBORNE:Airborne is the type of wind farm in which towers are not required and such type of system is also not connected because the turbines do more rotation due to the power of high wind and that is why it is free from tower installation system.

~STATUS OF WIND TURBINE POWER PLANT IN INDIA:-

POWER PLANT LOCATION STATE TOTAL CAPACITY
(MWE)
Vankusawade wind park Satara dist. Maharashtra 259
-
Cape com orin Kanyakumari Tamil nadu 33
Kayatharsubhash Kayathar Tamil nadu 30
Ramakkalmedu Ramakkalmedu Kerala 25
Muppandal wind Muppandal Tamil nadu 22
Gudimangalam Gudimangalam Tamil nadu 21
Puthlur rei Puthlur Andhra pradesh 20
Lamda danida Lamda Gujarat 15
Chennai mohan Chennai Tamil nadu 15
Jamgudrani mp Dewas Madhya pradesh 14
Jogmatti bses Chitradurga Karnataka 14
Perungudi newam Perungudi Tamil nadu 12
Kethanur wind farm Kethanur Tamil nadu 11
Hyderabad apsrtc Hyderabad Andhra pradesh 10
Muppandal madras Muppandal Tamil nadu 10
Poolavadi chettinad Poolavadi Tamil nadu 10 SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

WI N D POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

~SITE SELECTION FOR WIND TURBINE POWER PLANT:-The selection of the location for the wind farm need real importance during installation because the place selected for the creation of the wind farm should match the following factors

1. The speed of the wind in those locations should be high to produce large amount of energy.

2. The farms should be build on higher altitudes

3. Mutual inference in the working of the wind turbines should be check by observing their effects because they really affects the output power.

4. Check out t effects of the wind farms or the wind turbines on the environment

5. Another important factor also carefully observe that what are the effects of the wind farms on the grid stations because it really helpful for the production of the power.

~CONCLUSION:-

Generation of electricity using wind turbine is free of pollution it doesn't causes any pollution so that we use it as a renewable energy generation because wind is a renewable energy source. If we choose the perfect location for the installation of wind farm than we get continuous electricity without cutoff but the problem is that the amount of electrical energy is not so much as energy generated from non-renewable sources. For higher amount of energy generation using wind power plant lead to use of more land for wind farm.

~REFERANCE :-

c>WWW.GLOBALENERGYOBSERVATORY.ORG C>WWW.WIND-ENERGY-THE-FACTS.ORG c>WWW.EN.WIKIVERSITY.ORG

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)