BIOCHIP

HARISH KUMAR PANDEY

EC-3rd Yr.(A1)
0800131045
 PLAN OF PRESENTATION
 INTRODUTION
 HISTORY
 WHAT IS BIOCHIP ????
 DESIGING
 TYPE
 IDEAL BIOCHIP
 ADVANTAGE/ DISADV.
 INTRODUCTION

 Biosensor or bioprocessor that

combines three in one:
multiparametric molecular analysis
quick identification of genomic and
material and electronics in biological
samples.
 HISTORY
The development of biochips has a long
history :
Glass pH electrode Ion sensor

Platform based
biochip DNA based sensor
 WHAT IS BIOCHIP??

A Biochip is a collection of miniaturized

test sites (microarrays) arranged on a
solid substrate that permits many tests to
be performed at the same time in order to
achieve higher throughput and speed.
 ARCHITECTURE
 SIZE::-The size of Biochip is of a size of an
uncooked rice grain size. It ranges from
2inches to 12inches.
a biochip, consists of a one centimeter by
one centimeter array that comprises
anywhere between several dozen and
several hundred “dots,” or small drops.
Each of these drops contains a unique
protein , antibody or nucleic acid that will
attach to a particular DNA sequence or
antigen.
COMPONENTS
 Computer Microchip: The microchip stores a
unique identification number from 10 to 15
digits long. The storage capacity of the
current microchips is limited, capable of
storing only a single ID number having the
capability of over 70 trillion unique numbers.

The microchip also contains the electronic

circuitry necessary to transmit the ID number
to the "reader".
 ANTENNA COIL::- This is normally a
simple, coil of copper wire around a ferrite or
iron core. This tiny, primitive, radio antenna
"receives and sends" signals from the reader or
scanner.
 TUNNING CAPACITOR: The capacitor
stores the small electrical charge (less than
1/1000 of a watt) sent by the reader or
scanner, which activates the transponder. This
"activation" allows the transponder to send
back the ID number encoded in the computer
chip
 Glass Capsule: The glass capsule "houses"
the microchip, antenna coil and capacitor. It is
a small capsule, the smallest measuring 11 mm
in length and 2 mm in diameter, about the size
of an uncooked grain of rice.
The capsule is made of biocompatible material.
After assembly, the capsule is air-tight sealed,
so no bodily fluids can touch the electronics
inside.
Because the glass is very smooth and
susceptible to movement, a material such as a
polypropylene polymer sheath is attached to
one end of the capsule.
 IDEAL BIOCHIP
 Size-portable
 Save energy-long term usage
 Low cost-mass production
 High sensitivity-integration
 Low sample requirement
 Microarray-high thru put
 Decreased invasiveness
 MICROCHIP APPS.

" BIOCHIP CAN DETECT

CANCERS BEFORE
SYMPTOMS DEVELOPS"
A tumor, even in its earliest
asymptomatic phases, can slough off
proteins that find their way into a
patient’s circulatory system. These
proteins trigger the immune system to
kick into gear, producing antibodies that
regulate which proteins belong and which
do not.
TESTING PROCEDURE
“If a cancer cell produces aberrant proteins,
then it’s very likely that the patient will
have an antibody profile that differs from
that of a healthy person. You can look for
similarities and differences in
autoantibody profiles to look for clues and
markers that provide early indicators
of disease.”
TYPE OF BIOCHIPS
DNA chip
Protein chip
Enzyme chip
Lab-on-a-chip
Biomolecular machine
Biocomputer
 ADVANTAGE OF BIOCHIP
CONVENTIONAL COMPUTING
VS BIOLOGICAL:
 HUMAN INTERFACE WITH
BIOCHIP
 A tiny microchip, the size of a grain of rice, is
simply placed under the skin. It is so designed
as to be injected simultaneously with a
vaccination or alone."
 The biochip is inserted into the subject with a
hypodermic syringe. Injection is safe and
simple, comparable to common vaccines.
Anesthesia is not required nor recommended
HUMAN INTERFACING OF
BIOCHIP
 COST
Biochips are not cheap, though the price
is falling rapidly. A year ago, human
biochips cost $2,000 per unit. Currently
human biochips cost $1,000, while chips
for mice, yeast, and fruit flies cost around
$400 to $500. The price for human
biochips will probably drop to $500 this
year.