Final Report

TE-2 (E&TC) TOKEN NUMBER DISPLAY SYSTEM WITH VOICE
2.PROJECT SPECIFICATION
Our project ”TOKEN NUMBER DISPLAY SYSTEM WITH VOICE” basically displays
the number and speaks out that number.
In this system we have used password system for security purpose.If a wrong password
is entered for more than three times, system gets locked and it gets displayed on LCD.
We have used APR9600 recordable and playable IC which works for 60 seconds. Our
project requires a power supply of 5V , 500mA.
1
3. LITERATURE SURVEY
Nowadays, conventional energy sources are on the verge of extinction. So it is the

need of the hour to save these conventional energy sources for future use. This can be done by
the efficient utilization of these resources.
2
Our project deals with saving electricity ,which is one form of conventional
energy source in the hotels. This project can also be implemented in the industries, chemical
laboratories etc.
Reference:1.http://www.esskayinstitute.com/hotelpmpc.html
2.http://www.datasheet4u.com/html/p/8/9/p89v51rd2-philipssemiconductors.pdf.html
3.http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/relay.html
Books: 1.The 8051 microcontroller and embedded system : Pearson Education By-Mazidi
2. Electronic Devices By – Floyd
3
4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION
1.Power supply:
From single phase 230V,50 Hz supply available from the mains we have designed
4
+5V, 500mA dc power supply using a step down transformer.

2. PC:
PC is used to give a command to the microcontroller for the operation of the
appliances through Hyper Terminal using serial communication. We can also observe the status
of the appliances on the monitor whether they are on or off and thereby control them.
3.Voltage Converter:
In our project we have used MAX232 from the Maxim Corporation
(www.maxim_ic.com) as a voltage converter. Since the RS232 is not compatible with today’s
microprocessor’s we have used MAX232 voltage converter to convert the RS232 signals to TTL
voltage level that will be acceptable to the microcontroller.
4. Microcontroller:
This is the basic block in the system which controls functions of each
block.AVR at mega 16 microcontroller receives the commands from Hyper Terminal. These
commands are operated under the control of software which are stored in ROM
.Microcontroller continuously monitors the commands which are coming from Hyper
Terminal and according to that it takes action.
5.Keyboard:
We are using 4*4 matrix keyboard. This keyboard is interfaced with

microcontroller.
6. LCD(Liquid Crystal Display):
LCD displays numbers as well as characters. We are using 16*2 LCD which
displays 16 characters in one line. There are such 2 lines. It works on +5v,500mA DC power
5
supply.
7.Speech Circuit:
We are using APR9600 as speech circuit. The APR9600 device offers true single-
chip voice recording, non-volatile storage, and playback capability for 40 to 60 seconds. The
device supports both random and sequential access of multiple messages.
6
7
WORKING OF CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
First of all the mains voltage is step down by step down transformer. The
secondary voltage is rectified to get pulsating dc which is filtered to get smooth dc
(unregulated dc voltage). Microcontroller requires stable 5V dc supply for proper functioning
which is achieved by use of 5V regulator.
Microcontroller gets reset pulses for every power on which ensures proper
running of software avoiding unnecessary hang-ups of software. Clock for microcontroller is
generated by crystal oscillator (8 MHz) which is in_built in microcontroller.
We are using serial communication for giving command through Hyper

Terminal. The RS232 standard is not TTL compatible , therefore it requires a line driver such
as the MAX232 chip to convert RS232 voltage levels to TTL levels and vice versa.
When the microcontroller receives the command through the Hyper Terminal
or the push buttons, the relays will be toggled through the relay driver circuitry and the
respective appliance will turn on or off. The respective status of the appliance will be
displayed on the monitor.
8
9
10
6. MODULEWISE DESIGN OF CIRCUIT
6.1 Micro-Controller
As mentioned earlier microcontroller is the heart of this circuit. The microcontroller used in this
project is IC 89V51RD2 of Philips. It is from 8051 family. This microcontroller contains 1kbytes
of RAM, 64K bytes of on-chip flash program memory ,ISP mode, TTL- and CMOS-compatible
logic levels ,one serial port and four ports(each 8bits wide) all on a single chip.
Pin no P0.1,P0.1,P0.2 are connected to Relays and P0.4,P0.5,P0.6 and connected to push buttons.
Port 3 is used for serial communication. Pin 12 and 11 of MAX232 is connected to p3.0(RxD)
and p3.1(TxD) respectively which is used to voltage conversion. P3.2(INTO
INTO) and P3.3(INT1
INT1) is
connected to RS232.
XTAL1 and XTAL2 are connected to a crystal of frequency 11.0952Mhz.
Pin no 31 – EA/Vpp – External access Enable - externally held low to enable the device to fetch
code from external program memory locations 0000H to FFFFH. If EA is held high, the device
executes from internal program memory. This pin also receives the 5 V / 12 V programming
supply voltage (VPP) during Flash programming. If security bit 1 is programmed, EA will be
internally latched on Reset.
In our circuit ,we have kept it high because an external memory is not connected to the
microcontroller.
Pin no 30 is connected to Vcc using a resistor of 8.2k
PSEN – Pin no 29 - The read strobe to external program memory. When the device is executing
code from the external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except
that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. PSEN is not
activated during fetches from internal program memory.
In out circuit a jumper is used to Gnd or to give Vcc whenever required( i.e to switch to run
mode or program mode whenever required).
For more details about the port, please refer datasheet attached to this report at the end.
Oscillator Circuit : -
11
Any micro controller requires circuitry that generates the clock pulses by which
all internal operations are synchronized.
PIN 18(XTAL1)
PIN 19 ( XTAL2)
12MHz
C R Y STAL
C 1 22pF C 2 22pF
F i g .O s c i l l a t o r Circuit
In AT 89C51 two pins viz.pin no 18 &19 ( XTAL1 & XTAL2 ) are provided for connecting
a resonant network to form an oscillator. A quartz crystal is used with ceramic capacitors as
shown in above circuit diagram. The crystal frequency is the basic internal frequency of the
micro controller. The range of the crystal that can be connected to the micro controller is
1Mhz to 16 Mhz. Different crystals are available such as the Quartz, Rochelle salts, and
Tourmaline etc. We have preferred to use Quartz crystal because it is inexpensive and readily
available.
C1 and C2 are between 10pF to 40 pF. The capacitors C1, C2 are used for stable frequency
operation i.e. in the condition where there is high noise and humidity as in the case of
factories. Due to this the oscillator frequency can alter, for the suppression or do we can say
deletion of this the two capacitor are used for stable frequency
C * 12d
T= _________
Crystal Freq.
12
Reset Circuit:
The 8051 uses an active high reset pin. The reset input must go high for two machine cycles
when power is first applied and then sink low. We have used simple RC circuit, which
provide system voltage(Vcc) to the reset pin until the capacitor begins to charge .The time
for which the reset pin is kept high depends on the RC time constant of the reset circuit.
Recommended time =1 ms
Reset time=RC time constant = 8.2 kΩ * 10µf = 8.2ms
The value of the capacitor used is calculated using following steps,

The value of the resistor is assumed as 8.2K and the value of the capacitor is calculated
using following formula,
Capacitor voltage during discharging is
Vc = Vcc * e –t/RC
And during discharging is,
Vc = Vcc (1-e –t/RC)
13
Pull-up Resistor:
Formulae:
RPull-Up {min} = ( [Vcc {max} - VOL] / [IOL - NumInput Unit Loads {Low} * IIL] )
RPull-Up (max) = ( [Vcc {min} - VOH] / [IOH * NumOutput Unit Loads + NumInput Unit
Loads {High} * IIH] )
NumInput Unit Loads {Low} = the number of input devices connected to the wired-OR
NumOutput Unit Loads = the number of Open Collector devices connected together
 VOL-The maximum voltage at an output terminal sinking the maximum

specified load current IOL
 IOL –The current flowing into an output which is in the low state
 IOH – The leakage current flowing into a turned off open collector output
with a specified high output voltage applied .For devices with pull up
circuit IOH is the current flowing out of an output which is in the high
state .
 I IL – The current flowing out of an input when a specified low voltage is
applied .
 IIH _ The current flowing into an input when a specified high volage is
applied .
 NumOutput Unit Loads –Number of output unit loads to be applied .
R pull- up(min)=(5.2-0.45)/(26mA-50µA)
=182.32Ω
R pull-up(max)=(4.8-3.75)/(0.2mA-800µA)
=10,005 Ω
=10kΩ
6.2 Relay Driver Circuit:
14
We require relay driver ckt because current sinking capacity of microcontroller

is very low and to toggle the relay we require more current. Therefore when relay toggles
microcontroller sink more current
and get damaged therefore we are using transistor as a switch for proper working of relay.
Ic
Relay coil
Ib C
B
Resister(Rb)
E
From datasheet β=150

Ic is collector current , in our circuit it is the current flowing through coil of relay.
Ic=coil voltge/coil current
Ic=5V/66.5Ω
=75mA
But Ic=β*Ib
Ib=Ic/β
Ib=0.5mA
By applying KVL to above circuit;
Vcc-IbRb-Vbe=0
Rb=(5-0.7)/0.5*10^-3
=8.6KΩ ~ 10KΩ
Rb=10KΩ
15
6.3For LED driver circuit:

LED has limit 10mA to 25mA so we require register to drive the LED
Here we take greater than10mA current flowing through LED and there is 1.2v drop across LED
Therefore,
R=V/I
=5V-1.2V/10mA=3.8V/10mA=380Ω~470Ω
R=470Ω.
6.5 Power Supply Component Design
1)Transformer Design:
We require 5V at the o/p of the regulator.

The drop out voltage of the regulator is 2V(As per the data sheet)
Vdc = 5+2 = 7V
So at the regulator input , the voltage applied should be of 7V.
16
According to the formula,
Vdc = 2Vm/Pi
Assuming there is no ripple Capacitor from
Vm= Vdc .pi/2
= (7 x 3.14)/2
= 10.99V
Vm= 10.99V
During one cycle, two diodes are conducting .
Drop out voltage of one diode = 0.7V

Drop out voltage of two diode = 1.4V
Vim = Vm+ 1.4V

= 10.99+1.4 = 12.39V
Vim=12.39V
Vrms = Vim/sqrt(2)
= 12.39/sqrt(2)
= 8.76V
Vrms = 8.76V
So we select transformer of 9V.
Similarly Im=Idc x pi/2

Im=400m x 3.14/2
= 628mA.
17
Irms= Im/sqrt(2)
= 628mA/sqrt(2)
= 444.06mA
Irms = 444.06mA
So we select the transformer of current rating 500mA.
Considering the above transformer rating.

We take the transformer of 0-9V/500mA
TRANSFORMER – 0-9V/500mA Stepdown transformer.
2) Recitifier Design:
PIV of diode = Vm = 12.39V
Im= 628mA
BRIDGE RECTIFIER -So, we select the bridge IC of 1Ampere rating.
3) Filter Capacitor Design:
R = Vdc/Idc
= 7 / 400m
= 17.5Ohms.
Vr = 2(Vim – Vdc)
= 2(12.39 – 7)
= 10.78V
18
C = Vdc/ (FxRxVr)
= 7/ (100x17.5x10.78)
= 371.05uF
So for Safe working we select capacitor of 1000uF
C = 1000uF / 35V
C1= 1000uF/35V Electrolytic Capacitor.
C2,C4 = 0.1uF Ceramic Capacitor.
C3 = 220uF/25V Electrolytic Capacitor.
So the power supply made from the above mentioned components gives the output of 5V.
7. SOFTWARE PART
7.1 ALGORITHM:
1. Start.
2. Declare the keys at port 0 lower bits.
3. Declare LED’s at port 0 lower bits.
4. Display “ Hotel Power Management “.
5. Declare variables.
6. Configure keys as input pins.
7. Initialize timer 0.
8. Call uart initialization function:
a) Set serial communication format.
b) Load 50H in SBUF, 8 bit auto reload mode.
c) Assign highest priority to serial interrupt.
d) Make timer 2 on.
9. Disable serial interrupt.
19
10. Empty any character in SBUF to assure that no garbage is transmitted or received.
11. Give some delay using for loop.
12. Check for key press, if any.
13. Give some delay to check for de-bouncing.
14. If a particular key press is detected then:
a) Disable that key.
b) Toggle the corresponding LED status.
15. If RI=1 and SBUF contains ASCII values of 1,2 or 3 (31H,32H,33H respectively) then:
a) Clear SBUF.
b) Toggle the status of LED.
c) Clear RI for the reception of next key press.
16. If no key press then go to step 12.
17. Stop.
FLOWCHART
START
Declare keys at port 0 upper bits, LED’s at port 0

lower bits
Display “ Hotel Power Management “
Declare variables
Configure keys as input pins
20
Initialize timer 0
21
22
7.3 CODE
#include<avr/io.h>
#include<util/delay.h>
unsigned char j=0,l=0;
unsigned char x=0,y=0,ms=0;
unsigned char i,value;
unsigned char p,keycode,C=0,K=0;
#define RS PB0
#define EN PB2
#include <compat/deprecated.h>
int password[]={'1','2','3','4'};
int try1=0,o=0;
int f=1,g=0,h=0;
int c=1;
void LCD_init(void)
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{
wrcomm(0x38); //initialize LCD 2 lines, 5x7 matrix 00111000
wrcomm(0x06);//entry mode
wrcomm(0x01);//Clear LCD
wrcomm(0x80); //fist line first column
wrcomm(0x0C); //Display on, Cursor Blinking
//wrcomm(0x08);
}
void wrcomm(unsigned char Command)
{
cbi(PORTB,RS);//
PORTC = Command;
sbi(PORTB,EN);
_delay_ms(20);
cbi(PORTB,EN);
_delay_ms(20);
}
void wrdata(unsigned char Data)
{
sbi(PORTB,RS);
PORTC = Data;
sbi(PORTB,EN);
_delay_ms(20);
cbi(PORTB,EN);
_delay_ms(20);
}
void LCD_String ( unsigned char *string)

{
24
while (*string)
wrdata(*string++);
}
unsigned char a[10],k=0;
store_value(unsigned char value)

{
a[k]=value;
wrcomm(0xc0+k);
if(h==0)
wrdata(value);
else
wrdata('*');
k++;
}
unsigned char TOKEN_STANDBY()
{
for(p=0;p<4;p++)
{
PORTA=(0b11101111<<p) | 0x0f;
_delay_ms(50);
keycode=PINA;
switch(keycode)
{
case(0b11010111):{
if(K==1)
{
wrcomm(0x10);
wrdata(' ');
wrcomm(0x10);
k--;
25
}
if(l==1)
{
l=0;
}
}
break;
//0
case(0b10111011): { if(K==1){store_value('0');}}
break;
//#
case(0b11011101):
{
if(g==1)
{wrcomm(0x01); LCD_String("Enter *TOKEN* No");K=1;k=0,h=0;}}
break;
//D
case(0b11011110):{
wrcomm(0x01);
wrcomm(0x80);
LCD_String("Playing Token No.");
wrcomm(0xC0);
DDRD=255;
26
if(a[0]=='1')
{
wrdata(a[i]);
cbi(PORTD,PD0);
_delay_ms(500);
sbi(PORTD,PD0);
//goto out;
}
else if(a[i]=='2')
{
wrdata(a[i]);
cbi(PORTD,PD1);
_delay_ms(500);
sbi(PORTD,PD1);
//goto out;
}
else if(a[i]=='3')
{
wrdata(a[i]);
cbi(PORTD,PD2);
_delay_ms(500);
sbi(PORTD,PD2);
//goto out;
}
else if(a[i]=='4')
{
wrdata(a[i]);
cbi(PORTD,PD3);
_delay_ms(500);
sbi(PORTD,PD3);
27
//goto out;
}
else if(a[i]=='5')
{
wrdata(a[i]);
cbi(PORTD,PD4);
_delay_ms(500);
sbi(PORTD,PD4);
//goto out;
}
else if(a[i]=='6')
{
wrdata(a[i]);
cbi(PORTD,PD5);
_delay_ms(500);
sbi(PORTD,PD5);
//goto out;
}
else if(a[i]=='6')
{
wrdata(a[i]);
cbi(PORTD,PD6);
_delay_ms(500);
sbi(PORTD,PD6);
//goto out;
}
28
break;
//***********************************************************
//C
case(0b11011011):
{
wrcomm(0x01);
wrcomm(0x80);
LCD_String("Checking ur PASSWORD ");
wrcomm(0xC0);
//****************************************************************************
****
unsigned char n=0;
while(n<4)
{_delay_ms(1000);
if(a[n]!=password[n])
{
try1++;
wrcomm(0x01);
wrcomm(0x80);
LCD_String("PASSWORD Mismatch");
wrcomm(0xc0);
LCD_String("try again");
K=1;k=0;
wrcomm(0x01);
wrcomm(0x80);
LCD_String("ENTER UR PASSWORD");
29
if(try1==3)
{
wrcomm(0x01);
wrcomm(0x80);
LCD_String("system locked");
wrcomm(0xC0);
LCD_String("beep........");
wrcomm(0x01);
wrcomm(0x80);
LCD_String("UNAUTHORIZED ACESS");
cbi(PORTD,PD7);
_delay_ms(500);
sbi(PORTD,PD7);
return 0;
}
break;
}
if(n==3)
{
wrcomm(0x01);
o=5;
30
}
n++;
}
while(o==5)
{
LCD_String("PASSWORD MATCHED ");
wrcomm(0xc0);
LCD_String("YOU R WELCOME");
_delay_ms(1000);
g=1;
return 1;
goto out;
}
}
break;
//****************************************************************************
********
//7
case(0b01111101):{ if(C==1){wrcomm(0x01);C=0;}if(K==1){store_value('7');}}
break;
//8
break;
31
//9
break;
//4
break;
//5
break;
//6
break;
//C
//C
//1
case(0b10110111):{ if(C==1){wrcomm(0x01);C=0; }if(K==1){store_value('1');}}
break;
//2
case(0b10111110):{ if(C==1){wrcomm(0x01);C=0;} if(K==1){store_value('2');}}
break;
//3
case(0b10111101):{if(C==1){wrcomm(0x01);C=0;} if(K==1){store_value('3');}}
32
break;
//A
case(0b11101110):{ wrcomm(0x01); }
break;
}
if(p==4)
{
p=0;
}
}
out:;
return 1;
}
void main()
{
DDRA=0XF0;
DDRB=0XFF;
DDRC=0XFF;
PORTB=255;
DDRD=255;
PORTD=255;
LCD_init();
LCD_String ( "Enter Your Password" );
K=1;k=0,h=1,c=1;
//_delay_ms(1000);
33
//wrcomm(0x01);
while(f==1)
{
f= TOKEN_STANDBY();
}
}
8.TESTING , DEBUGGING & PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Testing:
 We have initially tested our circuit by mounting it on a bread board..
 All pin to pin connections and connectivity is checked using DMM..
34
Debugging:
Complete code has been simulated on studio4 software.
Performance analysis:
The 12V relay, was getting supply of 10.99V as well as of 5V , due to which it was it
continuously on and we could not detect which LED was on. Then we gave only 10.99V supply
After debugging we checked the working of complete project .
The microcontroller receives the command from the PC and successfully it toggled the status of
LED.
35
36
10.SPECIFICATIONS
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
 AC mains: 230V,50Hz
37
 Step down transformer: 9 V,500mA
 2 pin AC mains cord
 9 pin RS232 cable
 4 Relays(3 SPDT,1 DPDT)
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
1.PCB size:14.5cm*6.5cm=94.25 sq.cm
2.Relay PCB size:9cm*10cm=90 sq.cm
3.Mechanical box: 33cm*14.5cm*7.3cm
11.BILLING OF MATERIAL
1.FOR POWER SUPPLY:
NO. PART NAME QUANTITY AMOUNT

9-0 Step down Transformer/500Ma 1 90
38
1.
2 Bridge IC (1Amp)-Round 1 20
3. 7805 1 8
4. Electrolitic Capacitor 1000uF/35V 1 2
5. 1 2
Electrolitic Capacitor 220uF/25V
6. 0.1uF Ceramic Capacitor 2 4
7. Relemate -2-pin 2 2
2.MICROCONLLER CARD:
NO. PART NAME QUANTITY AMOUNT
1. Microcontroller P89V51RD2 1 180
2. 40 Pin Base 1 10
3. Resistance Network 9 pin/10K 1 4
4. 1 2
10uf/63V Electrolitic Capaccitor
5. Resistance-8.2K 1 1
6. Crystal 11.0592Mhz 1 16
7. 22pF Ceramic Capacitor 2 2
8. 4-PinRelemate-serial 1 2
9. MAX232 1 30
10. 1uF/35V 5 10
11. IC base 16 pin 1 8
12. Two core wire with two pin for mains
13. BC547 3 6
14. capacitor 10µf 1 2
15. resistor 10k 3 3
16. Resistor 470Ω 6 6
17. Relay(5V) 2 100
18. Relay(12V) 1 200
19. Push Button 3 6

20. LED 6 3
21. Wiring cost 20
22. RS232 1 100
39 23. PCB with layout designing 2 278
TOTAL 1117
12.ADVANTEGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:
1. Our project saves the unnecessary use of electricity.
2. Devices can be controlled automatically through the Hyper Terminal.
3. The project can not only be implemented in the rooms of the hotel but also can be
implemented in the corridors, kitchens, gardens.
40
4. Relay is cheaper than MCB and hence relays can replace MCB’s.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Wiring complexity is increased.
2. This system completely relies on PC.
13.FUTURE EXPANSION
Our project can be implemented using wireless system. Hence the disadvantage of
increased wiring complexity can be overcome.
41
14.CONCLUSION
Thus basically our project “HOTEL POWER MANAGEMENT” is designed for saving
electricity.
42

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Final Report

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TE-2 (E&TC) TOKEN NUMBER DISPLAY SYSTEM WITH VOICE

Nowadays, conventional energy sources are on the verge of extinction. So it is the

2. Electronic Devices By – Floyd

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

+5V, 500mA dc power supply using a step down transformer.

We are using 4*4 matrix keyboard. This keyboard is interfaced with

6. LCD(Liquid Crystal Display):

WORKING OF CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

We are using serial communication for giving command through Hyper

6. MODULEWISE DESIGN OF CIRCUIT

The value of the capacitor used is calculated using following steps,

 VOL-The maximum voltage at an output terminal sinking the maximum

6.2 Relay Driver Circuit:

We require relay driver ckt because current sinking capacity of microcontroller

From datasheet β=150

6.3For LED driver circuit:

6.5 Power Supply Component Design

We require 5V at the o/p of the regulator.

According to the formula,

During one cycle, two diodes are conducting .

Drop out voltage of one diode = 0.7V

Vim = Vm+ 1.4V

Similarly Im=Idc x pi/2

Considering the above transformer rating.

BRIDGE RECTIFIER -So, we select the bridge IC of 1Ampere rating.

3) Filter Capacitor Design:

Declare keys at port 0 upper bits, LED’s at port 0

Display “ Hotel Power Management “

Configure keys as input pins

void wrcomm(unsigned char Command)

void LCD_String ( unsigned char *string)

store_value(unsigned char value)

8.TESTING , DEBUGGING & PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

 All pin to pin connections and connectivity is checked using DMM..

 Step down transformer: 9 V,500mA

 2 pin AC mains cord

 9 pin RS232 cable

 4 Relays(3 SPDT,1 DPDT)

2.Relay PCB size:9cm*10cm=90 sq.cm

3.Mechanical box: 33cm*14.5cm*7.3cm

NO. PART NAME QUANTITY AMOUNT

19. Push Button 3 6

39 23. PCB with layout designing 2 278

12.ADVANTEGES AND DISADVANTAGES

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3.Mechanical box: 33cm14.5cm7.3cm