CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

Introduction A smart phone is a high-end mobile phone that offers more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary feature phone (i.e. a modern low-end phone). A smart phone combines the functions of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile phone. Today's models typically also serve as portable media players and camera phones with high-resolution touch screen, GPS navigation, Wi-Fi and mobile broadband access.

While some feature phones also may be thought of as handheld computers integrated with mobile telephones, a feature phone is based on proprietary firmware, while a smart phone runs an open and complete mobile operating system, where widespread examples are Symbian OS, Blackberry OS, Windows mobile, Apple iOS, Google Android, Maemo and other embedded Linux distributions. Such systems can be installed on many different phone models, they allow some level of application multitasking and provide a true file system with folder hierarchy and a file manager utility. Although most of today's feature phones are able to run third-party applications, for example mobile games, these applications are based on rather limited platforms such as Java ME (a virtual machine) or BREW (a pseudo-OS for native code). A smart phone application integrates more tightly with the user interface and other phone features than a feature phone application, and relies on a more powerful application programming interface (API). According to an Olswang report in early 2011, smart phones are experiencing accelerating rates of adoption: 22% of UK consumers already have a smart phone, with this percentage rising to 31% amongst 2435 year olds.

Growth in demand for advanced mobile devices boasting powerful processors and graphics processing units, abundant memory (FLASH memory), high-resolution screens with multitouch capability, and open operating systems has outpaced the rest of the mobile phone market for several years. According to a study by ComScore, over 45.5 million people in the United States owned smart phones in 2010 out of 234 million total subscribers. Despite the large increase in smart phone sales in the last few years, smart phone shipments only make up 20% of total handset shipments, as of the first half of 2010. In March 2011 Berg Insight reported data that showed global smart phone shipments increased 74% from 2009 to 2010.
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CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

Mobile Multimedia Mobile Multimedia is defined as a set of protocols and standards for multimedia information exchange over wireless networks.

Mobile Multimedia as Mass Media I first analyzed mobile multimedia mainly as a personal technology that, under certain circumstances at least, may also feed into national and even international news sources. However, even then, multimedia phones are firmly in the hands of ordinary people who create content with them. With the possible exception of moblogs, people share content with only a few of those people whose contact information they have in their phones. Now, there is another way in which significant institutions such as the media have an interest in multimedia phones. Multimedia phones can be used as terminals for receiving digital video and TV program stream, and an increasingly number of newspapers around the world can be accessed with multimedia phones. Such content is produced and edited by professional moviemakers, advertising agencies, journalists, and editors, for whom mobile phones provide another increasingly attractive channel.

Probably the first experiments in making movies for mobile phones were known as micromovies (see Boyd Davis 2002; Metso et al. 2004). This term describes smallscale movies that can be viewed with various mobile devices including mobile phones. In contrast to traditional cinema, which is made for large audiences and is watched in theaters or TV screens, micromovies are more personal and are shown in mobile terminals that usually have an input equipment that is sufficiently elaborate for playing computer games. Consequently, while most micromovies are just movies produced for a small screen, some movies have interactive features. For example, the viewer can select from several possible plots at predetermined spots, or use personal information stored in the phone to select from alternative courses of the story. There have even been several micromovie festivals at least in France, the United States, and Finland, and movie prizes even have been given to the best works in these festivals.

Of course, showcases in media art do not mean success in society. Micromovies have been popular within a small group of technology enthusiasts and digital artists rather than the public at
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CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

large. However, in one country, South Korea, mobile movies has become a mass phenomenon. Ok (2005) describes how SK Telecom launched the mobile movie service June in 2002, and started to broadcast live TV feed, news broadcasts, sports shows, movies, TV drama, and animation through the service. At present, the movie/TV category produces 17 percent of June revenues. Ok distinguishes two content categories in this service. Migrated cinematic imaginary consists of reusing already existing material, while original cinematic imaginary consists of new content exclusively produced for the mobile phone. An example of a successful movie in the latter category is Five Stars, which, unlike traditional movies, has a game-like structure with an open ending. The narrative focuses on who will be loved by the main character; viewers can vote for their favorites on a Web site also accessible with a mobile phone. About 5,000 users ordered this drama following the first fifteen days of the launch, and in all, 400,000 users have watched it.

EB Mobile Internet Multimedia Device (MIMD) Designed for handheld devices, Broadcom's VideoCore technology is integrated into Applications Processors and Multimedia Processors. Broadcom's highly acclaimed VideoCoreIII has conquered 4 mobile requirements:

Video - enabling HD Camcorder technology in a phone, while storing up to H.264 High Profile compression format. For Video Playback, most formats can be shown with the option of HDMI connection to your HD TV.

Imaging - with up to 12M pixel Digital Camera with immediate storage in JPEG format at a speed of 120M pixels per second i.e. 10 full resolution pictures per second. DSLR quality using the complex and flexible Image Signal Processor to ensure sharp and well balanced photos.

3D Graphics - creates an immersive environment for Games, Navigation and User Interfaces. 32M triangles per second accessed from the OpenGL ES 2.0 library brings an exciting feel to any device.

CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

Power Consumption - to ensure the battery keeps powering the devices, from more than 60 hours for Audio Playback to 3 hours for HD Camcorder Record into H.264 format. Using Broadcom's multimedia products, devices such as Mobile Phones, Personal Multimedia Devices and Location devices, the future mobile user will always have the highest quality features immediately available.

Mobile Multimedia Applications Other than UMPCs, Palm Foleo and the Asus Eee PC, here is the new EB Mobile Internet Multimedia Device to compete in the market of mini Internet device. The EB MIMD is powered by Intels Menlow platform and runs Linux OS. It hasa 4.8-inch LCD display, QWERTY keyboard, WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity. MIMD supports also the Mobile WiMax or HSDPA wireless network and the GPS navigation with the EB navigation suite. It hasa 3.5mm headphone jack, MicroUSB port and microSD card slot.

Alpine IVA-W505 Mobile Multimedia Station

Alpine has announced the Swiss Army knife of in-car information and entertainmentthe IVAW505 Mobile Multimedia Station. Though its moniker sounds more like a piece of military equipment than an entertainment center, the MMS can handle DVDs, CDS, MP3s, AACs,

CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

WMAs, DivX audio and video, and just about any other acronym civilian life can throw at it. With Bluetooth connectivity for hands-free calling and a docking station for the companys Blackbird navigation system, the MMS isnt all play.

The seven-inch touch screen provides clear and easy-to-operate functionality, and the Dolby Digital and Dolby Pro-Logic II capability will make you feel like youre in the middle of Talladega Nights, even if youre stuck in traffic. Available for a cool $1,100, the IVA-W505 Mobile Multimedia Station just might be the missing link between all of your in-car entertainment.

VILIV PMP X5 AIO and X5 VANT GPS YuKyung Technologies(President Sam Sik Kim, www.myviliv.com) unveiled its PMP X5 AIO and X5 VANT during CES 2008. This X5 series is capable of using wireless internet with its exclusive web browser and of playing various videos file extensions including FLV. These products, which are displayed at the Viliv booth, have either a built-in wireless LAN or an external modem depending on the unit of choice making wireless internet surfing possible. These are mobile multimedia devices with various functions for navigation, terrestrial DMB, mp3, and for playing movies

The X5 series has a 12.2 (4.8 inch) WVGA 800*480 LCD. Among the X5 Series are the X5 AIO, which is internet capable through an external modem, the X5 VANT which has a built-in wireless LAN, and the PMP X5 DIC, which is also ideal for research and learning.

In addition to that, the X5 series also has the worlds first mobile flash 3.0. It surpasses all mobile multimedia devices and supports multiple audio and video codecs including FLV and UCC.

CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

Compared to the 128MB other mobile multimedia devices have, the X5s powerful 256MB memory another first in the world facilitates speed, making computing and internet surfing more efficient. It has a removable big battery making a continuous 7-hour movie playback possible. It has internal GPS and DMB antenna.

The companys CES representative said The X5 products have received good reaction from foreign buyers and visitors in this show that they are true multimedia devices, and We are expecting that the X5 AIO and X5 VANT will be successful in Korea market with improved wireless internet environment in Korea.

DMM5000 is the leading product in similar products on the market with international patent technology of coding, modulation and frequency conversion. DMM5000 modulator can fully support the GB20600-2006 single-carrier and multi-carrier mode, as well as the CMMB standard GY/T220.2/2006 model and in accordance with a variety of work patterns requested by the SARFT.

CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

DMM5000 is full of excellent indicators and flexibility, the core function is transmission channel coding to the input TS stream and modulating in COFDM mode.

RF output signals are generated by a high-performance up-converter. The frequency is range 30MHz to 1GHz adjustable, while stepping of 1Hz. Output signal level from -10 to 0dBm adjustable, stepping of 0.1dB. The subscribers can set the polarity of spectrum and the working frequency with DTMB required by the equipment.

DMM5000 modulator has two TS input streams (AS form) that can be manually or automatically switched. When there is no main input stream signals, it will switch to other using input port to input. It is a very useful function.

Features 30MHz to 1GHZ RF output Support single-carrier and multi-carrier mode Support Single Frequency Network (SFN) and multi-frequency network (MFN) and CMMB mode Two-way input signals seamlessly switch Excellent average error rate (MER) Excellent linear and non-linear digital pre-correction Ethernet interface, browser-based remote control, monitoring Support SNMP-based remote control Support GB200600-2006, and mobile multimedia CMMB standards.

Features Alternative function Many alternative functions that enable you configure the device in needs flexibly. IF output

CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

THE IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES OF MOBILE MULTIMEDIA The Cultural and Societal Impacts of Mobile Multimedia The numbers are staggering: 3.3 billion mobile phone subscriptions globally. As of January 2008, there are more than twice the number of phones as there are televisions, three times the number of PCs, and four times as many cars in the world. Something like 75% of all mobile phones are kept within one meter of their owners at all times is an often cited statistic. From a revenue perspective, the total in 2007 from text messaging was $100 billion USD which is more than the total global movie box office, DVD rentals and purchases, and the entire music and video game industry combined. According to Deloitte and Touche, 20% of Americans now watch video content on their phones either daily or almost daily. Today, 12% of global operator revenues are non-voice (data or multimedia) services while 95% of iPhone customers regularly surf the internet or use multimedia on their devices.However, numbers alone cannot tell the whole story. On-demand and real-time video has only become a phenomenon during the past two years. Phrases like communities of interest, personalization and social networking have become as common with non-technologically oriented adults as Facebook, MySpace, Google, YouTube and Flickr. How does mobile video change peoples behavior, social interactions and usage of certain services? What are these services, how are they used and what is the future?

Video Telephony? Person to person video telephony debuted at the New York World Fair of 1964, and has taken more than 40 years to be truly available to mobile and broadband customers. Also uptake has been slow compared to other types of multimedia services. When the idea of seeing another person on video was first put forward, people worried about the idea of someone seeing them getting out of the shower or without their makeup on. Now however, most carriers worry more about how to increase usage. Studies show that the ability of subscribers to easily, simply and cost-effectively use combinational services with video telephony such as video mail, video messaging, and video ring-back tones can achieve the target user uptake. Another major issue is the fax-machine factor (the need for another machine to send something to) whereas the sheer number of people that you know have 3G enable phones (around 15% today of total GSM population), greatly increases the probability of connecting with someone on video. Further, as has been shown by Skype, the ability to have presence, to know when someone is online, makes
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CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

it possible to make calls to someone when you know they are available. Finally, the growing use of avatars has the potential to change the game of real-time video interactions. The ability to be someone or something else, to hide yourself behind the persona of another, and the sheer funfactor has the potential to greatly increase the usage of this service.

Many believe that real-time video telephony will always be a niche market, but others suppose that in a world where SMS was originally a tiny market, this will be a service in the future that is seen as always being necessary.

Narcissism No One Cares What You Had For Lunch is a bestselling book by Margaret Mason that provides bestin-class ideas for putting together personal blogs. The idea that someone actually cares about what you are writing about can be seen as purely narcissistic sport or it could be seen in a historic perspective by the number of political manifestos that, over the years, have made a difference in the world. In the US, elections blogs have shown their potential to change the way that the public views the candidates, whether they are written by themselves or by someone influential.

What about video and multimedia usage in blogs? While YouTube is technically not a blog site as is Blogspot, people have become used to uploading videos to be viewed by thousands or millions of individuals. With new technologies that are easy to use via simple menu design, people now have the chance to instantly upload videos taken by their mobile phones to their favorite sites and have them be transcoded instantly and posted immediately. This is already changing how people use video uploads in a world that demands instant gratification. For actual blogging, customers can now write, post photos and videos and receive comments from their always-on, always-available mobile phone.

Video blogging and uploading will only increase in the coming years, though the long-tail approach will insure that we watch what we want to when we want to. As video search engines become more and more powerful, subscribers will view and download specific content in real time that enhances their lives.
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CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

Voyeurism or Surveillance? Video Surveillance is one of the first services to have crossed the convergence chasm between broadband and mobile. Used in several forms from Big Brother entertainment to police and government security to home nanny or pet-cams, it is also used in more voyeuristic formats. Some of these include adult or mature services (so-called one-tomany) and in some countries, the ability of husbands or wives to spy on their spouses! Most of us would agree that being spied upon is a most disagreeable use of technology. Some schools have banned the use of mobile video when it became apparent that immature individuals were using their phones to film up girls dresses or in other compromising situations. Interestingly, the UK has just 1% of the worlds population, but 20% of the global CCTV cameras. Despite the use of tens of thousands of these hidden or plain sight cameras, more than 80% of crimes still go unsolved in the UK according to a recent study. So, is there a legitimate market for video surveillance? The answer is unequivocally yes. As in most new technologies and services, there is an initial period when non-standard and experimental usage is either banned or becomes socially unacceptable by societal norms. In consumer surveys of the most desirable mobile phone services, safety and security always come up as number one. Entertainment will always have a place in revenue services, but the capability to monitor your castle, children or country will always outweigh any yuck factors

Social Etiquette In the early days of Video Conferencing, promoters predicted the reduction of air travel and faceto-face meetings. While this application has gained greater enterprise acceptance, the fact is that people travel more than ever and the importance of face-to-face communications has become even more important. Ciscos TelePresence solution provides a more realistic experience that has the capability to further increase the usage of video conferencing, though in limited deployments to date. Video conferencing definitely has a place in business provided that the service is easy to use and ubiquitous in nature. Young people already video chat (i.e.

conference) with their friends from PC web-cams and mobile cameras while out on the town. There is nothing more satisfying, other than being there, than the experience of virtually being with people many miles away.

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CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

Everyone has had the experience of videoing friends or family in a social setting. Its all too common for people to freeze up, say inane things, and just generally look goofy when the camera is turned on them. However, weve all seen genuinely heart-wrenching moments as a loved one share memories or personal greetings to an unseen future audience. Taking video with a mobile phone has the potential to be less intense or intimidating, with the added ability to instantly transmit the footage via address book to a far-flung community.

In the US, AT&T has launched a video sharing service whereby one has the capability to use one-way video to show another person in real-time what they are seeing or experiencing. How many times have you been somewhere and wanted to show someone rather than just tell someone? Instead of saying, The Eiffel Tower looks fantastic tonight, if you had the chance to show someone the lights flashing and its towering presence, wouldnt this be something you would use? What about being at a concert, wedding or graduation? The promise of MMS was about being able to send this as a short multimedia message, but it requires the other person having compatible MMS capabilities, and taking an incredibly short video without using up available bandwidth. The cultural impacts of feeling that you are there, even if you cannot be, can only enhance the personal nature of communications. Though it cannot substitute for being at the Eiffel Tower yourself, the feeling of closeness to another person, the intimate sharing of a personal experience and the awe of seeing something with your own eyes is a service that will be a huge success.

Anti-Social Networking Some people have argued that the advent and success of such sites as MySpace and Facebook have led to people being less social and less likely to be actively involved in others real lives. New research shows that, to the contrary, people now feel part of a larger community and have a larger circle of friends, colleagues or classmates that can provide support on-demand. Though there is the occasional isolated report of someone being treated badly in cyberspace and in one well-known extreme case in the US, actually taking their own life, these are rare. Nevertheless, given the tens of millions of subscribers and hundreds of millions of connections, one could argue that the overall good being done outweighs the potential harm. Other controversies have arisen around privacy and the potential to have your shopping purchases known to the wider
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CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

community and tracked by unknown sources. These have been largely solved by age and opt-in settings. In the end, these sites operate under a modified capitalistic scenario, where the greater good of the sites users are pretty much selfregulated, and bad or deviant behavior is reported, discouraged and ultimately shunned. The role of video and multimedia has become an integral part of the social networking fabric just as photosharing is. There is nothing more personal and social than posting and sharing real-time video of your life. With more and more leading sites tearing down their walled gardens and permitting one profile to be used across multiple sites, cross-site widgets, and overall interoperability, re-using multimedia becomes a key to the overall experience. Active users on these sites tend to update them multiple times a day, sometimes to the extent that it raises humor from their colleagues Have you updated your return from the bathroom?

Those that are able to instantly share video with their communities have an advantage in the world in that they can have a real and virtual life going at the same time.

Conclusions Will mobile multimedia enhance the fabric of life or lead to a more sheltered experience? Will the use of video diminish the need for real-time person-toperson intimacy with friends, family and colleagues? Can the extensive proliferation of video lead to the loss of privacy or violate ones personal space? Much as there were concerns in the early days of computers that they would somehow take on real-life emotions and feelings and either take over the world or cause mass destruction (witness the movies 2001 A Space Odyssey and HAL, or the Terminator series), these concerns are always exaggerated.

Facts: people will always want and need human-to-human interaction and touch. Video, as pictures do, provides a way to share our life adventures. Much as the rare video gamer becomes almost a shut-in by playing non-stop, there will always be the exception that proves the rule. A number of studies have shown that video and multimedia, whether it is via broadband or mobile, makes people feel closer with those that they are already close to, and widens their circle of friends in an increasingly global world. Ultimately, consumers will define and redefine the market time and again and will vote with their phones for those services they want and will pay
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CBMT 2103 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

for. Quality, affordability, simplicity and are keywords that are driving the multimedia market. In 2008, Communications for a Borderless World, has become a reality, more than an inspirational statement.

Bibliography

http://www.dilithiumnetworks.com/pdfs/white_papers/MKT_ART_Impacts_of_Multimedia.pdf

http://behavioraltargeting.biz/effects-of-multimedia-on-mobile-consumer-behavior/ Effects of Multimedia on Mobile Consumer Behavior

http://www.broadcom.com/products/applications/Mobile-Handsets mobile handsets

http://amikom.ac.id/research/index.php/karyailmiahdosen/article/view/1675

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