MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT Vietnam Environmental Protection Agency

Environmental issues of thermal power plants

Dr. Hoang Duong Tung Centre for Environmental Monitoring, Data and Information

Ha Long, 08/2008

Content
1. Thermal power plants in Vietnam 2. Law and legal documents 3. Environmental issues of thermal power plants 4. Environment protection measures for thermal power plants

1. Thermal power plants in Vietnam

Thermal power plants (TPP) in Vietnam: 27

1. Coal fired TPP: 10 2. Gas TPP: 13 3. Diesel TPP: 4

Source: 8-2008, Department of Energy, Ministry of Industry and Trade

1. Thermal power plants in Vietnam

Plant
Cao Ngn coal fired TPP HH Ca Mau I turbogas power plant Ung Bi MR #1 power plant

Capacity Operation in 2007

100 750 300 in 2008

Investor

Plant
Cam Pha 1 power plant Hai Phong I #2 TPP Quang Ninh I #1,2 TPP O Mon I #1 TPP

Capacity Operation in 2009

300 300 600 300 300 220 30 104

Investor

VINACOMIN/IPP PVN/IPP EVN

VINACOMIN/IPP Hai Phong thermal power joint stock company (TPJSC) Quang Ninh TPJSC EVN Hai PhongTPJSC VINACOMIN/IPP VINACOMIN/IPP PVN/IPP

HH Ca Mau II turbogas power plant Son Dong coal-fired power plant Hi Phng I#1 TPP

750 220 300

PVN/IPP VINACOMIN/IPP CTCPN Hi Phng

Hai Phong II #1 TPP N Mao Khe #1 TPP N Nong Son TPP Dung Quat oil refinement TPP

Plan for construction of the thermal power plants (coal fired/diesel/gas) from 2006 to 2015 Source: Decision No 110/2007/Q-TTg dated 18/07/2007

1. Thermal power plants in Vietnam

Plant
Quang Ninh II#1 TPP Hai Phong II#2 TPP Cam Pha II TPP O Mon I #2 TPP Vung Ang I #1TPP Vinh Tan I,#1,2 Coal-fired TPP Mao Khe #2 TPP Nhn Trch 2 Combined gas turbine TPP

Capacity In 2010
300 300 300 300 600 1200 220 750

Investor
Quang Ninh TPPJSC Hai Phong TPPJSC VINACOMIN/IPP EVN LILAMA/IPP CSG/BOT VINACOMIN/IPP PVN/IPP

Plant
Uong Bi MR #2 TPP Mong Duong I #1 TPP Mong Duong II #1 TPP Quang Ninh II #2 TPP Vung Ang I #2TPP Thang Long coalfired TPP Nghi Son I # 1 TPP Vinh Tan I, # 1 coal-fired TPP Mini hydropower + renewable energy

Capacity In 2011
300 500 600 300 600 300 300 600 100

Investor

EVN EVN ASE/BOT Quang Ninh TPPJSC LILAMA/IPP Thang Long TPPJSC EVN CSG/BOT IPP

Plan for construction of the thermal power plants (coal fired/diesel/gas) from 2006 to 2015 Source: Decision No 110/2007/Q-TTg dated 18/07/2007

1. Thermal power plants in Vietnam

Plant Capacity Operation in 2012 Nghi Son I # 2 TPP Mong Duong I #2 TPP Mong Duong II #2 TPP Vinh Tan I #2 coalfired TPP Son My #1 coal fired TPP Tr Vinh I, # 1 coal-fired TPP Nghi Sn II #1 TPP 300 500 600 600 600 600 600 EVN EVN ASE/BOT CSG/BOT BOO/BOT EVN BOT procurement Investor Plant Capacity Operation in 2013 Nghi Sn II #2 TPP Vng ng II #1,2 TPP Sn M #2 coal fired TPP Tr Vinh I, # 2 coalfired TPP Vnh Tn II, # 1 coal fired TPP Sc Trng I #1 coalfired TPP Kin Giang I # 1 coal-fired TPP 600 1200 600 600 600 600 600 BOT/BOO procurement Joint stock co. managed by Lilama BOO/BOT EVN EVN EVN BOO/BOT Investor

Plan for construction of the thermal power plants (coal fired/diesel/gas) from 2006 to 2015 Source: Decision No 110/2007/Q-TTg dated 18/07/2007

1. Thermal power plants in Vietnam

Plant Capacity Operation in 2014 # 1 Southern combined gas turbines TPP Vnh Tn II, #2 coal-fired TPP Sn M #3 coalfired TPP Sc Trng I # 2 coal-fired TPP Tr Vinh II # 1 coalfired TPP Kin Giang I # 2 coal-fired TPP Hi Phng III#1,2 coal-fired TPP 750 600 600 600 600 600 BOO/BOT EVN BOO/BOT EVN EVN BOO/BOT #2,3 Southern combined gas turbines TPP Vnh Tn III, # 1 coalfired TPP Tr Vinh II # 2 coalfired TPP Kin Giang II # 1 coal-fired TPP Sc Trng II # 1,2 coal-fired TPP Sn M #4 coal-fired TPP Hi Phng III#3,4 coal fired TPP Investor Plant Capacity Operation in 2015 1500 1000 600 600 1200 600 BOO/BOT EVN EVN BOO/BOT EVN BOO/BOT Investor

1200

EVN

1200

EVN

Plan for construction of the thermal power plants (coal fired/diesel/gas) from 2006 to 2015 Source: Decision No 110/2007/Q-TTg dated 18/07/2007

1. Thermal power plants in Vietnam

9.000 8.000 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 0 1995
Coal-fired thermal power

Capacity (MW)

2000
Diesel thermal power

2005
Gas thermal power

2010
Hydropower

Capacity of power plants: thermal power (coal-fired/diesel/gas) and hydropower Source: EVN

1. Thermal power plants in Vietnam

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1995 2000 2005 2010

Thermal power

Hydropower

Capacity of power plants

Source: EVN

2. Law and relevant legal documents

Law on environmental protection, 2005 National power development plan 2006-2015 considering by 2025, approved by Primer Minister in Decision No.110/2007/Q-TTg dated 18/07/2007. Orientation for environment in Decision No.226/Q-EVN-HQT dated 1st July 2004 of EVN: thermal power plants on restriction of gas emission causing greenhouse effect, polluting substances; on peridiocal EIA, environment monitoring and utilization of environmentally friendly equipments, technologies. Decision No.07/2005/QD-BTNMT of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE): stipulating the application of Vietnam standards on environment (TCVN 7440-2005) from 1st January 2005 towards for newly constructed thermal power plants or projects improving capacity accompanied. TCVN 7440:2005 Emission standards for thermal power industry.

3. Environmental issues of thermal power plants in Vietnam

Power plant Chut power plant- Khanh Hoa Tuy Hoa power plant Phu Yn Power plant of Kon Tum province - Kon Tum Uong Bi power plant Quang Ninh Pha Lai 1,2 power plants - Hai Dng Issues to be solved Movement to other place Solved problems Not moved due to no budget Stop working

Movement out of urban area. Movement out of residential area, completion of noise-gas treatment system. Installation of toxic gas elimination system and ESP Water and gas emission treatment.

About to be moved

Completed

Completed

Table: list of thermal power plants in Decision 64/2003/QD-TTg

3. Environmental issues of Vietnam thermal

power plants
Project Phu My 2 thermal power plant Dien Dam complex Hiep Phuoc thermal power plant Uong Bi thermal power plant Phu My 1 power plant Western thermal power plant in O Mon (Can Tho province) Wartsila Diesel power plant Pha Lai 2 thermal power plant Amata gas-turbine power plant in Bien Hoa, electricity utility Can Tho thermal power plant Diesel thermal power plant in Nomura Industrial Park, Hai Phong Na Dng thermal power plant, vinacomin Monitoring Surrounding air, surface water, aquatic organism No information Surrounding air, surface water, waste water 3 Surrounding air, surface water, undergroudn water, soil Surrounding air, surface water Surrounding air, surface water Surrounding air Surrounding air, surface water Surrounding air 4 Surrounding air, surface water Surrounding air, surface water 4 No information 4 3 3 4 4 12 Monitoring frequency 3

Thermal power plants and monitored environment content by EIA

3. Environmental issues of thermal power plants in Vietnam 1. Impacts on air 2. Impacts on soil 3. Solid waste 4. Impacts on eco-system 5. Impacts on socio-economic development

3.1. Impacts on air

Construction stage: dust, CO, Sox, NOx, HC and gas emissions from transport vehicles. Impacts on air are not much remarkable and only temporary; Operation stage: gas emissions are SO2; CO, NOx and dust, thousands of m3 per minute. Noise: steam turbine, generator, steam relief valve, coal conveyor, coal grinder

3.2. Impacts on soil Soil is impacted due to dill, fill activities and erosion; Erosion causes settlement to rivers, sullage pit probably leading to flood, reducing surface water quality, effecting aquatic ecosystem; Besides, gas emissions and waste water from power plants pollute as well soil and plants.

3.3. Solid waste

Construction stage: in this stage, waste raw materials such as bricks, cement, broken steel Operation stage: mainly ash, coal ash, oil sludge (oil burning). The amount of coal ash is very large mixing into many polluted impurities.

3.4. Impact on eco-system

Aquatic ecological system: waste water from Thermal Power Plant cause muddy level of water and prevent light penetration, cause changing the PH in water region, high temprature of water. Terrestrial ecological system: polluted substances cause harm to plants and fauna: SO2, NO2, Cl2, aldehyde and coal dust

3.5. Impact on social-economic environment Impact on communitys health: increase the rate of respiratory and lung diseases in inhabitant community living nearby and surrounding the power plant; Create employments; Increase labourers income;

4. Some solutions for environmental protection of thermal power plant

Proposed mitigation measures must ensure following principles: Minimise the pollution in accrodance with treatment solution for Thermal Power Plant from the beginning period of the project.; The mitigation measure must be feasible, suitable with production targets and suitable with allowable financial sources of the investors. Having the appropriate solution for environmental impacts. The environmental protection measures must be implemented during the preparation, construction and operation of the plants.

4. Some solutions for environmental protection of thermal power plant

Weakness: No emmission inventory; Monitoring for ambient air near thermal power plant.

4.1. Some concrete solutions for environmental protection of thermal power plant

Implementation of environmental monitoring and environmental impact assessment: In the past 10 years, all the thermal power plants conducted the environmental monitoring and environmental pollution controlling annually, making Environmental Impact Assessment; In year 2006, there are 11 thermal power plants making Environmental Impact Assessment Report:
OMon-3 Thermal Power Plant was not approved since the plant had change to burnt by diesel causing pollution over 2,5 times of permitted standard.

4.1. Some solutions for environmental protection of thermal power plant

Improvement of fuel burning process to reduce harmful flue gas: Replace gas turbin by oil turbin, improvement of grade traveling boiler using dry fuel by grade traveling boiler using wet fuel with many layers for reducing the emission of SO2 and NOx Use fuel with less polluted substances or reduce polluted contents before burning. For example: reducing sulfur content in coal, replacing light oil by heavy oil, replacing old fuel by new fuel such as etanol, methanol, natural gas

4.1. Some solution for environmental protection of thermal power plant

Using dust precipitators (mainly ESP); absorption equipments and noxious flue gas absorption equipments before emiting to the chimney and dispersing to the ambient air: The thermal power plants which has been operated for a long time should replace wet dust precipitator (dust precipitator performance at 70 80%) by electrostatic precipitator (ESP) (high performance, achieved at more than 95%). For example: in the period of 1998 2000, Ninh Binh Thermal Power Plant) replaced all 4 water precipitators by electrostatic precipitators (operation performance at about 99%). At the end of year 2006, Uong Bi Thermal Power Plant officially put 4 ESP into operation (with the performance of 97%) Dust precipitators should be repaired, maintained periodically in order to operate accoringly to designed performance, ensure dust content in flue gas emitted from the chimney of plant conform to the regulated standard.

4.1. Some solutions for environmental pollution of thermal power plant

Modify chimney system for reduce the emission rate to the ambient air: Optimal height of chimney will help diffuse polluted substance in the atmosphere at maximum level, the polluted concentration (dust, gas) earths at one point will do not harm to living being and human being.. Pha Lai, expanded Uong Bi Thermal Power Plant construct chimney with the height of 200m. Ninh Binh Thermal Power Plant constructed new chimney with the height of 130m replacing for old chimney with the height of 80m.

4.1. Some solutions for environmental protection of thermal power plant

Use flue gas desulfurization to treat flue gas of plant: Invest in FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) equipment to treat SOx. In recently, Mong Duong I Thermal Power Plant (expected 1,000 MW) is the first project using CFB (Circulating Fluidized Bed) with high capacity for making use of antracide coal resources in the region, but it is more important that this project makes reduce emission concentration of Sox and Nox through burning technology..

Thank you!

B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG CC BO V MI TRNG

VN MI TRNG CC NH MY IN VIT NAM

Ngi trnh by: TS.Hong Dng Tng Trung tm Quan trc v Thng tin mi trng

Tp.H Long, 08/2008

NI DUNG TRNH BY
1. Cc nh my nhit in ca nc ta; 2. Lut, vn bn quy phm; 3. Cc vn mi trng ca cc nh my nhit in; 4. Mt s gii php BVMT nh my in.

1. Cc nh my nhit in ca nc ta
Nh my Cng sut Tn ch u t Nh my Cng sut Tn ch u t VINACOMIN/IP P CTCPN Hi Phng CTCPN Qung Ninh EVN CTCPN Hi Phng VINACOMIN/IP P VINACOMIN/IP P PVN/IPP Hot ng nm 2007 N than Cao Ngn Tua bin kh HH C Mau I Ung b MR #1 100 750 300 VINACOMIN/IPP PVN/IPP EVN Hot ng nm 2009 N Cm Ph I N Hi Phng I #2 N Qung Ninh I #1,2 N Mn I #1 N Hi Phng II #1 N Mo Kh #1 N Nng Sn N Lc du Dung Qut 300 300 600 300 300 220 30 104

Hot ng nm 2008 Tua bin kh HH C Mau II N than Sn ng N Hi Phng I#1 750 220 300 PVN/IPP VINACOMIN/IPP CTCPN Hi Phng

Bng: Cc nh my nhit in (than/du/kh) trong phng n xy dng t 2006-2015 Ngun: Q s 110/2007/Q-TTg ngy 18/07/2007

1. Cc nh my nhit in ca nc ta
Nh my Cng sut Tn ch u t Nh my Cng sut Tn ch u t Hot ng nm 2010 N Qung Ninh II#1 N Hi Phng II#2 N Cm Ph II N Mn I #2 N Vng ng I #1 N Than Vnh Tn I,#1,2 N Mo Kh #2 TBKHH Nhn Trch 2 300 300 300 300 600 1200 220 750 CTCPN Qung Ninh CTCPN Hi Phng VINACOMIN/IPP EVN LILAMA/IPP CSG/BOT VINACOMIN/IPP PVN/IPP Hot ng nm 2011 N Ung B MR #2 N Mng Dng I #1 N Mng Dng II #1 N Qung Ninh II #2 N Vng ng I #2 N than Thng Long N Nghi Sn I # 1 N Than Vnh Tn I, # 1 T nh + NL ti to 300 500 600 300 600 300 300 600 100 EVN EVN ASE/BOT CTCPN Qung Ninh LILAMA/IPP CTCPN Thng Long EVN CSG/BOT IPP

Bng: Cc nh my nhit in (than/du/kh) trong phng n xy dng t 2006-2015 Ngun: Q s 110/2007/Q-TTg ngy 18/07/2007

1. Cc nh my nhit in ca nc ta
Nh my Cng sut Tn ch u t Nh my Cng sut Tn ch u t

Hot ng nm 2012 N Nghi Sn I # 2 N Mng Dng I #2 N Mng Dng II #2 N Than Vnh Tn I #2 N Than Sn M #1 N Than Tr Vinh I, # 1 N Nghi Sn II #1 300 500 600 600 600 600 600 EVN EVN ASE/BOT CSG/BOT BOO/BOT EVN u thu BOT

Hot ng nm 2013 N Nghi Sn II #2 N Vng ng II #1,2 N Than Sn M #2 N Than Tr Vinh I, # 2 N Than Vnh Tn II, # 1 N Than Sc Trng I #1 N Than Kin Giang I # 1 600 1200 600 600 600 600 600 u thu BOT/BOO CTCP do Lilama ch tr BOO/BOT EVN EVN EVN BOO/BOT

Bng: Cc nh my nhit in (than/du/kh) trong phng n xy dng t 2006-2015 Ngun: Q s 110/2007/Q-TTg ngy 18/07/2007

1. Cc nh my nhit in ca nc ta
Nh my Cng sut Tn ch u t Nh my Cng sut Tn ch u t

Hot ng nm 2014 TBKHH min Nam # 1 N Than Vnh Tn II, #2 N Than Sn M #3 N Than Sc Trng I # 2 N Than Tr Vinh II # 1 N Than Kin Giang I # 2 N Than Hi Phng III#1,2 750 600 600 600 600 600 1200 BOO/BOT EVN BOO/BOT EVN EVN BOO/BOT EVN

Hot ng nm 2015 TBKHH min Nam #2,3 N Than Vnh Tn III, # 1 N Than Tr Vinh II # 2 N Than Kin Giang II # 1 N Than Sc Trng II # 1,2 N Than Sn M #4 N Than Hi Phng III#3,4 1500 1000 600 600 1200 600 1200 BOO/BOT EVN EVN BOO/BOT EVN BOO/BOT EVN

Bng: Cc nh my nhit in (than/du/kh) trong phng n xy dng t 2006-2015 Ngun: Q s 110/2007/Q-TTg ngy 18/07/2007

1. Cc nh my in ca nc ta
9.000 8.000 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 0 1995 Nhi i than t n 2000 Nhi i du t n 2005 Nhi i kh t n 2010 Thy i n cng sut (MW)

th: T l v cng sut ca cc nh my in: nhit in than/du/kh v thy in Ngun: Tng Cng ty in lc Vit Nam

1. Cc nh my in ca nc ta
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1995 2000 2005 2010

Nhi i t n

Thy i n

th: T l cng sut cc loi nh my in ca nc ta Ngun: Tng Cng ty in lc Vit Nam

2. Cc lut, vn bn c lin quan

Lut Bo v mi trng; Quyt nh s 110/2007/Q-TTg ngy 18/07/2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Quy hoch pht trin in lc quc gia giai on 2006 - 2015 c xt n nm 2025; nh hng v mi trng km theo Quyt nh s 226/QEVN-HQT ngy 01/7/2004 ca Hi ng qun tr cho cc nh my nhit in ca ngnh trong quy nh hn ch pht thi cc kh gy nn hiu ng nh knh, cc cht gy nhim khng kh, nh k thc hin cng tc nh gi mi trng v s dng cc thit b, k thut thn thin vi mi trng; Quyt nh s 07/2005/Q-BTNMT ca B TN&MT V/v bt buc p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN 7440-2005) t ngy 01/01/2005 i vi cc nh my nhit in xy dng mi, d n m rng cng sut km theo cc h s khu vc, h s cng sut; TCVN 7440:2005 Tiu chun thi ngnh cng nghip nhit in.

3. Cc vn mi trng ca cc nh my nhit in
Tn nh my Nh my in Cht Khnh Ha Vn cn x l Di chuyn a im Nhng vic lm Khng chuyn do khng c kinh ph Nh my ngng hot ng Chun b di di hon thnh hon thnh

Nh my in Tuy Ha Di chuyn khi khu vc ni th - Ph Yn Di chuyn khi khu dn c, Nh my in tnh Kon hon chnh h thng x l kh, Tum - Kon Tum ting n Nh my in Ung B - Qung Ninh Nh my in Ph Li 1,2 - Hi Dng Lp t b kh kh c v lc bi tnh in X l nc v kh thi

Bng: Danh sch cc nh my nhit in c trong Quyt nh 64/2003/Q-TTg

3. Cc vn mi trng ca cc nh my nhit in
Tn D n Nhit in Ph M 2 Lin hp in m Nhit in Hip Phc Nhit in Ung B Nhit in Ph M 1 Nhit in min Ty ti Mn (Cn Th) Nh my in Diesel Wartsila Nhit in Ph Li 2 Nh my in Turbine kh hn hp Amata Bin Ho/Cty in lc Amata Bin Ho Nhit in Cn Th Nhit in Diesel ti KCN Nomura - Hi Phng Nhit in Na Dng, Tcy Than VN Thnh phn mi trng QT Khng kh xung quanh, nc mt, thu sinh vt Khng c thng tin khng kh xung quanh, nc mt, nc thi Khng kh xung quanh, nc mt, nc ngm, t Khng kh xung quanh, nc mt Khng kh xung quanh, nc mt Khng kh xung quanh Khng kh xung quanh, nc mt Khng kh xung quanh 4 Khng kh xung quanh, nc mt Khng kh xung quanh, nc mt Khng c thng tin 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 12 Tn sut QT 3

Bng: Nh my nhit in v cc TPMT phi quan trc theo Bo co TM

3. Cc vn mi trng ca cc nh my nhit in (tip) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Tc ng n mi trng khng kh Tc ng n mi trng t Cht thi rn Tc ng n mi trng sinh thi Tc ng n mi trng KT-XH

3.1. Tc ng n mi trng khng kh

Giai on thi cng, cht gy nhim ch yu l bi sinh ra t qu trnh san i t, bc d vt liu xy dng v khi hn c cha bi, CO, SOx, NOx, HC, kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn. Ting n pht sinh ch yu l t cc my mc san i v cc phng tin vn chuyn. Tc ng ln mi trng khng kh giai on ny c mc khng ln v ch mang tnh tm thi; Giai on vn hnh: kh thi ch yu t khu vc l hi c cha nhiu cht nhim c bit l kh SO2, CO, NOx v bi. Lng kh thi ny l rt ln ln ti hng nghn m3/pht. Ngoi ra cn c cc kh c khc (NO, THC, hi Pb) hp cht hu c do r r. Ting n: do s dng cc my mc, thit b c cng sut ln nn thng pht sinh ting n c cng cao nh tuabin hi nc, my pht in, t cc van x hi nc, bng ti chuyn than, my nghin than x...

3.2. Tc ng n mi trng t t b tc ng chnh do cng vic o lp v b xi mn; Xi mn s to ra lng sng ngi, cng rnh thot nc v c th gy ng ngp, gim cht lng nc mt, nh hng n h sinh thi di nc; Ngoi ra, do nh hng ca kh thi, nc thi ca nh my gy nn nhim t v cy trng.

3.3. Cht thi rn

Giai on xy dng: ch yu trong giai on ny l cc loi vt liu xy dng ph thi, ri vi nh gch ngi, xi mng, st thp vn... Lng cht thi ny l tu thuc vo quy m ca tng cng trnh v trnh qun l ca d n, ngoi ra cn mt s lng nh rc thi sinh hot. Giai on vn hnh: ch yu l tro, x than (t than), v cn du (t du). Lng x than thng c khi lng ln v trong thnh phn x than c nhiu tp cht nhim.

3.4. Tc ng n mi trng sinh thi

Cc tc ng ch yu lin quan n vic thi cc cht nhim nc, kh, cht thi rn vt qu TCCP vo mi trng tip nhn gy nhng bin i c bn v HST: H sinh thi di nc: bt ngun t nhim ngun nc do cc loi nc thi ca Nh my Nhit in gy nn c ca nc tng ngn cn xuyn ca nh sng, gy pH trong thu vc b thay i H sinh thi trn cn: Hu ht cc cht nhim mi trng khng kh v mi trng nc thi u c tc ng xu n thc vt v ng vt. Cc cht gy nhim trong mi trng khng kh nh SO2, NO2 CL2, Aldehyde v bi than, ngay c nng thp cng lm chm qu trnh sinh trng ca cy trng, nng cao lm vng l, hoa qu b lp, b nt, v mc cao hn cy s b cht.

3.5. Tc ng n mi trng KT-XH

Tc ng n sc khe cng ng: gia tng t l cc bnh v h hp, cc bnh phi,.. trong cng ng dn c sng cnh v xung quanh cc nh my; To cng n vic lm; Tng thu nhp ngi lao ng; ,

4. Mt s gii php BVMT nh my in

Cc bin php gim thiu xut phi m bo cc nguyn tc: Gim thiu ti mc ti a c th c ph hp vi cng ngh x l i vi Nh my nhit in ngay t giai on u ca d n; Bin php gim thiu phi c tnh kh thi cao, ph hp vi cc mc tiu sn xut v ph hp vi ngun ti chnh cho php ca ch u t. C phng n ph hp i vi nhng tc ng mi trng khng th khc phc hoc gim nh. Cc bin php BVMT phi c thc thi sut c qu trnh chun b mt bng, xy dng nh my v qu trnh hot ng ca nh my.

4.1. Gii php c th BVMT nh my in

Thc hin cng tc quan trc, TM: Trong nhng nm qua, tt c cc nh my nhit in thc hin cng tc o c kim sot nhim mi trng hng nm, thc hin Bo co TM; Nm 2006, c 11 nh my nhit in lp Bo co TM: Nh my nhit in Mo Kh, C Mau, Mn 3, Mng Dng 2, Vng ng, Ung B, Mng Dng 2, Nhn Trch 1, Mn 4,Vnh Tn 1, nhit in Thng Long (Nh my nhit in Mn 3 khng c ph duyt Bo co do chuyn sang t bng du c mc nhim vt TCCP n 2,5 ln).

4.1. Gii php c th BVMT nh my in

Ci tin cc qu trnh t nhin liu gim kh thi c hi: Dng tuabin gas thay th tuabin du, ci tin l ghi t nhin liu kh bng l ghi t nhin liu t nhiu tng c tc dng gim kh thi SO2 v NOx; Dng nhin liu c t cht nhim hn hoc gim hm lng cht nhim trong nhin liu trc khi t. VD: Gim hm lng lu hunh trong than, dng du nh thay du nng, thay th nhin liu c bng nhin liu mi nh etanol, methanol, kh t nhin

4.1. Gii php c th BVMT nh my in

S dng cc thit b lc bi (ch yu l cc thit b lc bi tnh in), thit b hp th v hp ph kh thi c hi trc khi thi ra ng khi pht tn ra mi trng xung quanh: Cc nh my nhit in vn hnh lu nm nn tin hnh thay th cc thit b lc bi t (hiu sut lc bi t 70 - 80%) bng thit b lc bi tnh in (hiu sut cao, t trn 95%). VD: giai on 1998-2000, Nh my Nhit in Ninh Bnh (nay l Cty Nhit in Ninh Bnh) thc hin thay ton b 4 thit b lc bi nc bng lc bi tnh in (hiu sut lm vic khong 99%). Cui 2006, Cty Nhit in Ung B cng chnh thc a vo vn hnh thng mi 4 b lc bi tnh in (hiu sut trn 97%) Cc b lc bi nn c duy tu, bo dng v thay th theo nh k hot ng ng hiu sut thit k, m bo hm lng bi trong khi thot t ng khi nh my t tiu chun quy nh.

4.1. Gii php c th BVMT nh my in

Thay i h thng ng khi gim mc pht thi ra mi trng xung quanh: Chiu cao ng khi ti u s gip khuych tn ti a cht nhim trong kh quyn, nng cht nhim (bi, kh) khi tip t ti mt im s mc khng gy nguy hi ti i sng sinh vt v con ngi. Cc nh my Nhit in Ph Li, Ung B m rng u xy dng ng khi vi chiu cao 200m. Nh my Nhit in Ninh Bnh xy ng khi mi vi chiu cao 130m thay cho ng khi c (cao 80m).

4.1. Gii php c th BVMT nh my in

S dng thit b x l kh thi nh my: u t thit b FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) x l kh SOx. Gn y nht, d n Nh my Nhit in Mng Dng I (d kin 1.000 MW) l d n u tin s dng cng ngh l tng si-CFB (Circulating Fluidized Bed) vi cng sut ln nhm tn dng ngun than antracide cht lng thp ti khu vc, nhng quan trng hn l gim thiu nng pht thi kh SOx v NOx thng qua cng ngh t.

XIN CM N