OVERVIEW

NTPC is India’s largest energy conglomerate with roots planted way back in 1975 to accelerate
power development in India. Since then it has established itself as the dominant power major
with presence in the entire value chain of the power generation business. From fossil fuels it has
forayed into generating electricity via hydro, nuclear and renewable energy sources. This foray
will play a major role in lowering its carbon footprint by reducing green house gas emissions. To
strengthen its core business, the corporation has diversified into the fields of consultancy, power
trading, training of power professionals, rural electrification, ash utilisation and coal mining as
well.
NTPC became a Maharatna company in May 2010, one of the only four companies to be
awarded this status. NTPC was ranked 400th in the ‘2016, Forbes Global 2000’ ranking of the
World’s biggest companies.

NTPC is India’s largest energy conglomerate with roots planted way back in 1975 to accelerate
power development in India. Since then it has established itself as the dominant power major
with presence in the entire value chain of the power generation business. From fossil fuels it has
forayed into generating electricity via hydro, nuclear and renewable energy sources. This foray
will play a major role in lowering its carbon footprint by reducing green house gas emissions. To
strengthen its core business, the corporation has diversified into the fields of consultancy, power
trading, training of power professionals, rural electrification, ash utilisation and coal mining as
well.
NTPC became a Maharatna company in May 2010, one of the only four companies to be
awarded this status. NTPC was ranked 400th in the ‘2016, Forbes Global 2000’ ranking of the
World’s biggest companies.

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Figure 1 : Growth In Installed Capacity

Figure 2 : Growth in Generation

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1.2) INSTALLED CAPACITY

Present installed capacity of NTPC is 47,228 MW (including 6,966 MW through

JVs/Subsidiaries) comprising of 44 NTPC Stations (18 Coal based stations, 7 combined cycle
gas/liquid fuel based stations, 1 Hydro based station), 9 Joint Venture stations (8 coal based and
one gas based) and 9 renewable energy projects. The total installed capacity of NTPC in India is
as follows at present:

NTPC Owned NO. OF PLANTS CAPACITY(MW)

Coal 21 40,355

Gas/Liquid Fuel 7 4,017

Hydro 1 800

Renewable energy projects (Solar PV) 12 878

Wind 1 50

Total 42 46,100

Owned By JVs/Subsidiaries

Coal & Gas 9 7,551

Total 51 53,651

Table-1: Types Of Plant And Capacity

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 NATIONAL CAPITAL POWER STATION (NCPS) OR NTPC DADRI

It is the power project to meet the power demand of National Capital Region (India). It has a
huge coal-fired thermal power plant and a gas-fired plant and has a small township located in
Uttar Pradesh, India for its employees. It is located in Gautam Budh Nagardistrict of Uttar
Pradesh about 25 km from Ghaziabad and about 9 km from Dadri. It isnearly 48 km from New
Delhi towards Hapur. NTPC Dadri is a branch of NationalThermal Power Corporation, which is
a public sector now

NTPC Dadri is a unique power plant of NTPC group which has both coal based thermal plant
and gas based the8Urmal plant of 1820 MW and 817 MW respectively and 5 MW solar plant
totaling 2642 MW

2.1) NATIONAL CAPITAL POWER STATION– COAL

The coal-based station mainly meets power requirements of the National Capital Region [NCR],
and the northern grid. With the World Bank funding component, the capital cost of the units is
Rs. 16.69 billion. There are four 210 MW coal based units. The units have a coal-fired boiler and
a steam turbine each. The boiler design is also suitable for 100% operations with heavy furnace
oil firing. For this, three storage tanks, each of capacity 15,000 kL, enough for 10 days
continuous oil firing requirements have been provided for the boilers.

Figure 3: Coal Plant at NTPC Dadri

2.1.1) COAL SOURCE:

The coal is transported from the Piparwar block of mines of the North Karanpura Coalfields of
Bihar, over a distance of about 1,200 kms., by the Indian Railways bottom discharge, and Box
'N' type of wagons. The coal requirements for the four units are 15,000 M.T. each day, 3.67
million tonnes annually. The station has its own 14 kms. Long rail track from the Dadri Railway
Station, to the site, and a 6 km in-plant track, on electric traction.

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2.2) NATIONAL CAPITAL POWER STATION – STAGE II(2X490MW)

The stage-II (490MW*2) coal based units are scheduled in 2010 to meet the common wealth
games power requirement. The commercial operation of Stage-II Unit-V 490 MW has been
declared w.e.f 31.01.2010 00:00 Hrs. by Shri Sushil Kumar Shinde honourable Minister of
Power .

Thermal generation Capacity at a glance

Stage Unit Number Installed Capacity (MW) Date of Commissioning

1 210 1991 October

2 210 1992 December

1st

3 210 1993 March

4 210 1994 March

5 490 2010 January

2nd

6 490 2010 July

Total Six 1820

Table 2: Capacity of each unit

2.3) NATIONAL CAPITAL POWER STATION - SOLAR

The On-Grid type solar PV plant at NTPC Dadri, spread over 27.400 Acre, has the 5MW
capacity. The commercial operation was started on 29th March 2013. It has 20,856 PV modules;
each PV module generating a power of 240.944W.One string consists of 24 PV modules and 18
such string connected in parallel to one SCB leading to power O/p of 104.087KW from one
SCB. 5 nos. SCBs are connected to one inverter. Total 10 nos. of inverters are installed giving
total solar power of 5.20435MW.

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 Figure 4: PV solar panel

From solar generation to transmission one underground line has been laid having length around
4.2 KM. at the end of the line one 7.5 MVA, 33/220 KV transformer has been installed at
switchyard of Dadri Gas. Here this incoming solar power is sent to 220 KV bus through SF-6
Circuit breaker and other electrical switchgears.

2.4) NATIONAL CAPITAL POWER STATION- HVDC

This is a technological accomplishment in power by NTPC . Commissioned in December '90 ,

the system is the first commercial long distance HVDC link in India , and also the largest in
Asia. The basic objective of the HVDC link is to transmit the power generated at the RhSTPP
efficiently to the northern region , with significant reduction in transmission losses . It consists of
two converter stations - one located at Rihand (RhSTPP) acting as a rectifier , and the other at
Vidyut nagar (NCPP) as an inverter , involving a distance of about 900 kms. . These stations are
connected by a +/- 500 kV HVDC line for transmission of 1,500 MW power from Rihand to
Vidyut nagar . The overall HVDC system engineering was done by Asea Brown Boveri.
The special features of this HVDC line are that the entire system can be controlled either from
RhSTPP or NCPP , depending on which station is selected as the master . The system has been
handed over to the Power Grid Corporation of India , and is under their control since October
1993 .

2.5) NATIONAL CAPITAL POWER STATION-GAS

The gas-based station at N.C.P.S. is the country's largest. It has two modules; each module
consists of two gas turbines of 130.19 MW each with one waste heat recovery boiler and one
steam turbine of 154.51 MW capacity. The power from this plant is allocated to Uttar Pradesh,
and also to Delhi, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan. The
cost of gas based modules is Rs. 9.75 billion, which includes a German K.f. W. funding . The
modules are fully commissioned. Gas turbines generate power at an efficiency of about 32%
only, and to utilize the rest of this energy, a combined cycle system is adopted. The waste heat
from the gas turbine exhaust is routed through the waste heat recovery boiler, and the steam thus

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generated is utilized in a conventional steam turbine to generate additional power. By this, the
overall efficiency of fuel heat utilization reaches to about 48%.

Figure 5: Gas power plant

2.5.1) GAS SOURCE:

The source of fuel for this plant is the reserves of South Bassein fields in South Tapi and mid
Tapi delta in the Arabian Sea. The natural gas from South Bassein off shore fields is transported
through a submarine pipeline to Hazira onshore terminal and then through the 1,700 kms. Long
Hazira-Bijapur pipeline via Shahjanpur and Babrala to the project . For the 829 MW project, the
requirement is 3.00 million cubic meters per day (yearly average). It would be worthwhile to
note that within a short span of less than 7 years, both the coal and gas based power cycle
units/modules have been commissioned in a project. Both the projects have diverse modern
technologies, with the latest process controls.

The gas for the power plant is sourced from GAIL HBJ Pipeline, it also supports HSD as
alternate fuel.

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 THERMAL POWER PLANT
Components:

1. Boiler
A Boileris an enclosed vessel that provides a means for combustion heatto be transferred into
water until it becomes heated water or steam. The hotwater or steam under pressure is then
usable for transferring the heat to aprocess. Water is a useful and cheap medium for
transferring heat to aprocess. When water is boiled into steam its volume increases about
1,600times, producing a force that is almost as explosive as gunpowder. This causesthe boiler
to be extremely dangerous equipment that must be treated withutmost care.

2. Steam Turbine
Turbine rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into
mechanical energy. The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or rotor with paddles,
propellers, blades, or buckets arranged on its circumference in such a fashion that the moving
fluid exerts a tangential force that turns the wheel and imparts energy to it. This mechanical
energy is then transferred through a drive shaft to operate a machine, compressor, electric
generator, or propeller. Turbines are classified as hydraulic, or water, turbines, steam
turbines, or gas turbines. Today turbine-powered generators produce most of the world's
electrical energy. Windmills that generate electricity are known as wind turbines.

Figure 6: Steam Turbine

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Technical specification:

Manufacturer : BHEL
Capacity : 490 MW
Type : Two Cylinder
Condensing Reaction
No of Stages HP : 2 x 22
LP : 2x7
Type of governing : Throttle
Double flow,
LP/ HP cylinder : Horizontally
split
NO of shells HP : 2
No of shells LP : 3
Turbine inlet pressure : 61.75 bar
o
Turbine inlet temp. : 528.6 C
Turbine exhaust pressure : 0.1122 bar
No load steam flow : 16 t/hr.
Steam flow at rated condition :
HP : 451.8 t/hr.
LP : 537.8 t/hr.
Critical speed : 3000 rpm
Governing System : Electrohydraulic
Max Noise level : 85 db
HP/ LP bypass : 115 db
No of Stop valves HP : 2
LP : 2
No of control valves HP : 2
HP : 2
Combined stop &
Type of valves : control
Valves.

Table 3: Technical Specification

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3. Daerator:
A deaerators is a device that is widely used for the removal of air andother dissolvedgasesfrom
the feed water to steam generating boilers. In particular, dissolved oxygen in boiler feed
waters will cause serious corrosiondamage in steam systems by attaching to the walls of
metal piping and other metallic equipment and forming oxides (rust). It also combines with
any dissolved carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid that causes further corrosion. Most
deaerators are designed to remove oxygen down to levels of 7 ppb byweight (0.0005 cm³/L)
or less.

4. Heat Exchanger:
Heat exchangers are equipment that transfers heat from one mediumto another. The proper
design, operation and maintenance of heat exchangers will make the process energy efficient
and minimize energy losses. Heatexchanger performance can deteriorate with time, off
design operations andother interferences such as fouling, scaling etc. It is necessary to
assessperiodically the heat exchanger performance in order to maintain them at a high
efficiency level. Heat exchangers may be classified according to their flow arrangement. In
parallel-flow heat exchangers, the two fluids enter the exchanger at thesame end, and travel in
parallel to one another to the other side. In counter- flow heat exchangers the fluids enter the
exchanger from opposite ends. Thecounter current design is most efficient, in that it can
transfer the most heat.See countercurrent exchange. In a cross-flow heat exchanger, the fluids
travel roughly perpendicular to one another through the exchanger.

5. Super Heaters:
Asuper heateris a device in a steam engine that heats the steam generated by the boiler again,
increasing its thermal energy and decreasing the likelihood that it will condense inside the
engine. Super heaters increase the efficiency of the steam engine, and were widely adopted.
Steam which has beensuperheated is logically known as superheated steam; non-superheated
steam is called saturated steam or wet steam .Super heaters were applied tosteam
locomotivesin quantity from the early20th century, to most steam vehicles, and to stationary
steam enginesincluding power stations.

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6. Condensor:
The surface condenser is a shell and tube heat exchanger in which cooling water is circulated
through the tubes. The exhaust steam from the low pressure turbine enters the shell where it
is cooled and converted tocondensate (water) by flowing over the tubes as shown in the
adjacent diagram. Such condensers use steam ejectors or rotary motor-driven exhausters for
continuous removal of air and gases from the steam side to maintain vacuum. For best
efficiency, the temperature in the condenser must be kept as low as practical in order to
achieve the lowest possible pressure in the condensing steam. Since the condenser
temperature can almost always be kept significantly below 100C where the vapor pressure of
water is much lessthan atmospheric pressure, the condenser generally works under vacuum.

7. Economizer:

Economizers, or in British English economisers, are mechanical devices intended to reduce

energy consumption, or to perform another useful function like preheating a fluid. The term
economizer is used for other purposes as well.In simple terms, an economizer is a heat
exchanger.

8. Electric Generator:
In electricity generation, an electrical generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to
electrical energy, generally using electromagnetic induction. The reverse conversion of
electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by a motor and generators have many
similarities.A generator forces electric charges to move through an external electrical circuit,
but it does not create electricity or charge, which is alreadypresent in the wire of its windings.
It is somewhat analogous to a water pump, which creates a flow of water but does not create
the water inside. The sourceof mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or turbine steam
engine, water falling through a turbine or water wheel, an internal combustion engine, a
windturbine, a hand crank, the sun or solar energy, compressed air or any othersource of
mechanical energy.

Figure 7: Electrical Generator

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Table 4 : Specifications of generator at stage-2 NTPC Dadri

Manufacturer BHEL
Rated Maximum Output 577 KVA
Power Factor 0.85 Lagging
Power Output rating 490MW
Stator Voltage 21 KV
Stator Current 15800 Amp
Rotor Voltage 334 V
Rotor Current 3973 Amp
RPM 3000
Frequency 50 Hz
Connection Y-Y
Phase 3
Coolant Water & Hydrogen

Table 5 : Specifications of generator at stage-1 NTPC Dadri

Manufacturer BHEL
Rated Maximum Output 247 KVA
Power Factor 0.85 Lagging
Power Output rating 210 MW
Stator Voltage 16.5 KV
Stator Current 8645 Amp
Rotor Voltage 355 V
Rotor Current 3000 Amp
RPM 3000
Frequency 50 Hz
Connection Y-Y
Phase 3
Coolant Water & Hydrogen

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SWITCHYARD

It is a switching station establishing main link between generating station and transmission

system. It influences the security of power supply.It steps up or steps down the voltage levels

depending on the network node.It switches ON or OFF the reactive power control devices

which influences the quality of power.

MAIN COMPONENTS AT SWITCHYARD

 Current transformers

 Potential transformers

 Interconnecting transformers(ICT)

 Bus bars and clamp fittings

 Isolators

 Circuit breakers

 Supports

 Earthing switches

 Lightening arresters

 Overhead earth wire

 Wave traps

 Power line carrier communication(PLCC)

 Transformers : Transforms the voltage levels from higher to lower level or

vice versa, keeping the power constant.

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  Instrument transformers : For stepping-down the electrical parameter

(Voltage or Current) to a lower and safe value for Metering and

Protection logics.

 Current transformers: The “current transformers" are single

phase oil immersed type. The secondary current is generally 1

amp, but also 5 amp, in certain cases.

 Potential transformers

 Interconnecting transformers(ICT)

 Generator Transformer (GT)

 Circuit breakers : Makes or automatically breaks the electrical circuits under

Loaded condition.

 SF6 Circuit Breaker

 Vacuum Circuit Breaker

 Isolators : Opens or closes the electrical circuits under No-load conditions.

 Earth switch : Used to connect the charged body to ground to discharge the trapped

charge to

have a safe maintenance zone.

 Lightning arrestors : Safe guards the equipment by discharging the high currents

due to Lightning. Lightening arresters are provided at the terminals of the

transformers for protection against lightening or any surges developing in the

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 system. The practice is also to install lightening arresters at the incoming terminals

of the line.

 Overhead earth wire : Protects the Over Head transmission line from Lightning

strokes.

 Bus bar : Conductors to which a number of circuits are connected.

 Wave Traps/Line traps : Used in PLCC circuits for Communication and

telemetering.

 Reactive Power control devices : Controls the reactive power imbalance in the

grid by switching ON/OFF the Shunt Reactors, Shunt Capacitors etc.,

 Current Limiting Reactors : Limits the Short circuit currents in case of faulty

conditions.

 Capacitor voltage transformers (CVTS): The "Capacitor voltage transformers

(CVTS)" are used at 220 KV and above. For the lower voltages, electro-magnetic

type of voltage transformer is mostly used. The secondary voltage is 110/3 volts.

 Transmission Line Equipment: Transmission lines are required for transmitting

power form generating stations to the load centers. The important components of

the transmission lines are:

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 Conductor and accessories: The lines may be single circuit or double

circuit either in vertical or horizontal configurations. A double circuit

line carries double the power than that of a single circuit line. The

conductors used for the transmission lines are aluminum conductors

steel reinforced

 Supporting structure and accessories: The Supporting structures are

normally of bolted steel lattice type. Angle sections are bolted together

to form a square base lattice structure. The structures are provided with

cross arms through which insulator strings are hung for supporting the

conductors.

 Insulators and hardware: The steel structures support these conductors

attached through insulator strings. The string consists of a number of

hardware namely suspension tension clamps, socket clevis, ball clevis,

anchor shackles, etc, Under standard atmospheric conditions, for 66KV

lines 5 to 6 discs insulator are used for 132 KV lines, 9 to 10 and for

220 KV lines 13 to 14 whereas for 400 line 21 to 22 discs are

employed.

 Earth wire and accessories: Earth wire is provided for giving protection

to the transmission line against lightning strikes. These wires are

supported in such a manner as to provide a shield angle of 30° to the

conductors for 400KV lines, 2 ground wires are used with reduced

shield angle of 20°. These earth wires are of galvanized stranded steel,

high tensile steel quality. Earth wire is connected to the tower steel.

The tower footings are further earthed thorough a suitable earthing

arrangement.

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The following empirical relationship to phase voltage of the transmission line:

U = 5.5√(0.62 L + 3P/100)

Where,

U=Phase to phase voltage in KV

L=Length of the line in KM

P=Power to be transmitted in KW

Figure:8 Switchyard showing PLCC insulators and Circuit Breaker

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 There are two main buses and one transfer bus for changeover of bus. The Main Bus as well

as Transfer Bus is of 400KV. The generator Transformer steps up the voltage from 20KV to

400KV, the same is transmitted through 400 KV lines.

Loni-1 Maharani Bagh Mandaula-1 Malerkotla

Panipat-1
Loni-2 Greater Noida
Mandaula-2 Panipat-2 Muradnagar

Figure-9 Showing different parts of a Inter Connecting Transformer.

18
 GENERATOR & ITS PROTECTION SYSTEMS

A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy for use in an

external circuit. The source of mechanical energy may vary widely from a hand crank to

an internal combustion engine. Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power

grids.

Classification of generator on basis of excitation

 Separately excited generator

 Self excited generator

Classification of generator on basis of cooling system

 Water cooled

 Air cooled

 Hydrogen cooled

Main parts of generator

 Stator-stator frame

 Core assembly- Stator Core, Core Suspension Arrangement

 End Shield

 stator Winding Assembly - Stator Winding , Winding Assembly, Connecting Bus bar

 Rotor - Rotor Shaft, Rotor Wedges, Rotor Coils, Wound Rotor, Rotor Assembly

 Completing Assembly - Bearing Assembly, Shaft Seal Assembly, Oil Catchers,

Insert Cover etc

 Exciter

 Auxiliary System

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The modern generators are generally provided with the following protections:

1. Over load protection: This protection is provided to safeguard the generator from

rise in temperature in the stator winding due to overload. This protection initiates an

alarm to guide the operator for reducing the load. If overload is accompanied by

under voltage, tripping will occur.

2. Negative sequence current protection: Negative phase sequence currents will

flow through the generator for phase-to-phase faults, during asymmetrical loading,

due to open circuit on any one phase or during single phase to earth faults.

3. Unit differential protection: This protection is intended to safeguard the

generator against phase to phase fault or three phase short circuits in the windings; or

inter connected bus ducts between the generator and generator transformer; or the

transformer against phase to phase fault in primary, or phase to earth fault in the

secondary side up to the protected zone. CT-10 & I provide protection through

suitable relay connection.

Figure 10: Unit Diffrential protection

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4. Loss of excitation protection: Sudden loss of excitation in an alternator makes

the generator to run as an induction generator. Generally all the generators shall be

designed to run as induction generator with a reduced load for a short period but the

rotor will get over-heated from the induced current flowing in the rotor iron

particularly at the retaining rings of the rotor. "Continuous operation of the generator

as induction-generator is prohibited. Further when generator runs as an induction

generator it draws the reactive power from the grid and there may be a voltage dips in

the system, which is not desirable from system point of view.

5. Reverse Power Protection: When the input to the prime mover suddenly goes

off and the generator is in service delivering power to the system, the machine will

not cease to function, but would continue to rotate at the same speed; now as motor

deriving the requisite energy from the system to keep the frictional and windage

losses Both the direction and magnitude of the active power between the system and

the machine therefore changes, while the reactive or wattless power controlled by the

field excitation remains unaltered. Although this abnormal condition would not harm

the generator, it could, however damage the prime mover. It has been the general

practice to provide protection against any such contingencies, by thermal or

mechanical devices in the form of temperature detectors and hydraulic flow

indicators.

6. Over voltage and over fluxing protection: The generator can develop

dangerously high voltages in the event of mal-operation of AVR or a load throws off

21
 while generator excitation is under manual control. An overvoltage relay should be

provided to detect this and give an alarm in UCB. Over fluxing of the generator

transformer and can occur due to overvoltage on generator terminals or due to

excitation application while generator is at lower speed. Its persistence can cause

gradual overheating and damage to the transformers and generators.

7. Backup impedance protection: A three phase zone impedance relay (216) is to

be provided for the backup protection of generator against external three phase and

phase to phase faults in the 400/220 KV system which may be hanging on due to

failure of this own system primary protection. The zone of 216 should be extended

beyond 400 KV/220 KV switchyard as far as possible and it should be connected to

trip the generator after a time delay of 1 to 1.5 seconds so that the generator is tripped

only when 400 KV/220 KV protections has not cleared the faults even in the second

zone.

Table 6 :Following are some Fault Conditions , their effects and Protection

Fault/Abnormal condition Effect Protection

Thermal over loading Over heating of stator wdg/insulation
Thermo couples/
failure Over current relays
External fault Unbalanced loading stress Over load/negative
phase sequence relay
Stator faults: ph to Ph / Winding burn out Differential prot
Ph to Earth / Inter-turn 100% E/F prot/95% E/f
Inter turn protection
Rotor fault Damage to shaft/bearing 2 stage rotor E/F
protection
O/V,O/F,U.F Insulation failure, Heating of core, O/V relay Volt/Hz relay
failure of blades U/F relay
Loss of field Induction gen operation Loss of field
Absorb MVAR from system/damage to
rotor winding

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Other important systems for Generator Protection are:

 Seal oil system: Generator shaft seals are supplied with pressurized seat oil to

prevent hydrogen losses at the shaft and ingress of air into the generator. During

normal operation, shaft seals are supplied with seal oil by a separate system,

consisting of hydrogen side seal oil circuit and air side seal oil circuit. The oil used in

seal oil circuit is same as that used in turbine generator journal bearings. During

normal operation, in the air side AC pump draws seal oil from the seal oil storage tank

and feeds it to the seals via cooler and filters which drains towards the air side and

return back to the seal oil storage tank.Similarly H2 side oil pump supplies oil to seal

through a separate strainer and cooler. By dividing the seal oil system into two

separate circuits, hydrogen losses at the seals are kept to a minimum and good

hydrogen purity is also maintained. For the air side seal oil circuit three seal oil pumps

are provided. In the event of failure of one AC pump the second AC pumps

automatically takes over. If both pumps fail the seal oil supply is taken over by the

standby D.C. pump. On the other hand one seal oil pump is used for oil circulation in

H2 side seal oil circuit. In the event of failure of this pump, seal oil in hydrogen side

is derived from air side seal oil circuit. Prolonged operation in this fashion may result

in deterioration of hydrogen purity.

 Primary water system: When the turbine generator is on load heat produced in

the stator winding is removed by continuously circulating low conductivity de-

mineralized water through hollow conductors of the stator windings and passage ways

within the terminals. The losses occurring in the generator stator winding components

e.g. Stator winding, terminal bushings and phase connectors are dissipated directly

through water. The cooling water being in contact with the high voltage winding must

have an electrical conductivity of the order of 0.5 to 1 micro mho/cm. Primary water

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 supply system comprises of the following components. Primary water is circulated by

one of the 2X100% duty pump through a strainer type filter with magnet bar and

cooler. The primary water is drawn from the primary water tank and passes to a

primary water manifold (inlet) via coolers and filters and from there to stator bars via

Teflon hoses. The primary water leaving the stator winding is passed through similar

Teflon hoses to anther primary water manifold (outlet) and is then returned to the

primary water tank. A separate flow path from a point before the stator winding inlet

cools the bushings and phase connectors.

 H2 Cooling system: The hydrogen is circulated in the generator in a closed circuit

by a multi-stage axial fan located at the turbine end. The fan draws hot gas from the

air gap and delivers it to the coolers where it is cooled and re-circulated. Gas system

comprises of the following components. As a precaution against explosion hazard, the

air must neither be directly replaced with hydrogen during generate- filling nor the

hydrogen directly replaced with air driving emptying operation. In both the cases CO 2

is used for scavenging.

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 CONCLUSION

Industrial training being an integral part of engineering curriculum provides not only

easier understanding but also help acquaint an individual with technology. It exposes

an individual to practical aspects of all things which differ considerably from

theoretical model. During my summer training I gained a lot of practical knowledge

which otherwise could have been exclusive to me. The practical exposure acquired

here will pay rich dividends when I will set my foot as an engineer.

The training at NTPC Dadri was all together an exotic experience, since work, culture

and mutual cooperation was excellent here. Moreover fruitful result of adherence to

quality control awareness of safety of employees were fare which is much evident

here.

All the minor and major sections of thermal project have been visited and also

understood to the best of my knowledge. I believe that this training has made me well

versed with the various processes in the power plant.

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 Bibliography

1. Elements of power system analysis -William D. Stevenson

2. http://www.ntpc.co.in/en/investors/annual-reports

3. http://www.ntpc.co.in/

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTPC_Dadri

5. Technical data book NTPC DADRI

6. Monthly magazine ROSHNI

7. NTPC Samachar

8. WEB DADR

9. NCPS-DADRI android app

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