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first draft 9/23/04 from Prof. Carmichael notes. 9/17/06: modified to reflect w (V=>VA) and separate inlet and outlet pressure loss (in addition to drag) to reflect paper
VA w Vs Vj
VA := Vs(1 w) T = m_dot VJ VA
Vj
h d VA
m_dot = mass_flow_rate p local = p atmos + g d 1 1 2 2 p oin = p local + VA = p atmos + gd + VA 2 2 1 2 p op = p oin g(d + h) = p atmos gh + VA 2 1 2 p oj = p atmos + Vj 2
at this point ... total pressure (pitot tube) pressure at inlet to pump ... total pressure (pitot tube) ...
pressure at pump exit... total pressure (pitot tube) .. total pressure increase across pump ...
1 1 2 2 1 2 2 p oj p op = p atmos + Vj p atmos + gh VA = Vj VA + gh 2 2 2 p oj p op V VA 2 j 1
2 2
energy rise across the pump per unit mass flow is ...
+ gh
power absorbed by ideal pump is therefore ... ideal efficiency is then ... PTi Ppi
Ppi = m_dot
p oj p op
1 2 2 = m_dot Vj VA + g h 2
i =
D =
effective_power power_delivered
i =
PTi Ppi
T VA Ppi
m_dot VA VJ VA
1 2 2 m_dot Vj VA + g h 2
2 VA VJ VA
2 2
2 VA VJ VA
2 2
2 =
VJ VA
2
Vj VA + 2g h
Vj VA + 2g h
Vj gh V 1 + 2 2 A V
if h = 0 i =
VJ VA
=
2 Vj VA
+1 same as propeller (we developed following in actuator disk
Vj 1 VA
from actuator_disk.mcd using new variables to avoid duplication v := VVj VVA v VV := VVA + 2 T VVA T V VVA VVA + VVj 2 1+ VVj VVA what are implications of VVj = VVA ?
I :=
simplify 2
I =
T = m_dot Vj VA
Drag 1 2 VAAVA
Drag 1 2 m_dotVA
net thrust
Kout =
Ppi = m_dot
p oj p op
2 V 2 j 1 + 2 g h + K + K Vj = m_dot VA in out V V 2 2 A
A
V
p =
Ppi Pp
Pp = actual_pump_power
2 2 2
Vj
real =
1 1 CD 2 VA
2 p real =
2
Vj
1 1 CD 2 VA
2 p =
VA Vj
2
VA
1 VA CD Vj 2 Vj
2
Vj Vj g h V 1 + 2 2 + Kin + Kout V
A
A
VA
VA VA g h 1 + 2 2 + Kin V + Kout
Vj
j
Vj
1 2 p ( 1 )
CD 2
1 + Kout 1 Kin + 2
2
real =
1 2 p ( 1 )
CD 2
Kin 1 + 1 + Kout + 2
2
g h Vj
2
g h Vj
2
first some comments to relate to previous lecture/notes version and Wrtsil paper
with Kout = 0 (N.B. this just means lumping all the pressure losses into a factor of 1/2* *VA^2 and
accounting for a drag increase due to the inlet ...
2 p p
Vj
2
D =
1t 1w
1 1 CD 2 VA
Vj g h 1 + 2 2
+ K
VA VA
and ... with CD = 0 and assuming h = 0 (i.e. head loss is small compared to other terms ... this is the form in the paper with D = 1t 1w p 2 ( 1 ) 1 + Kout 1 Kin
2
Kout = = nozzle_loss_coefficient
Kout =
p out_loss 1 2 Vj
2
Kin = = inlet_loss_coefficient
p in_loss Kin = 1 2 VA 2
at this point, assuming K, C D, and p are constant, could differentiate wrt V j/VA (or
) and determine V j/VA for max propulsive coefficient, but minimum weight usually
determines parameters.
example