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By Paul I. Muntean
Outline
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Chronology The Entscheidungsproblem The Turing Machine Second World War Turing Test Turing Life and Ethics Turings death Recognitions Questions References
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Chronology I
Alan Turing, born at 23rd of June, 1912 Father Julius Mathison Turing and Ethel Turing in London UK Enters school at 14 years, adaptation problems Brother, John Turing Tried to enter to Trinity Colege, failed and enther to Kings college
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Chronology II
First Encounter with John von Neumann in summer 1935 Got his Ph.D. from the US university Princeton In 1942 spent time with communication theorists Claude Shannon In 1950 writes a paper where he describes the Turing Test 1954 he is found death, he has eaten a poisoned apple, suicide can not be ruled out
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Source: http://hackaday.com/2010/03/27/turing-machine-amasterpiece-of-craftsmanship/
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Sample Rules: If read 1, write 0, go right, repeat. If read 0, write 1, HALT! If read , write 1, HALT! Lets see how they are carried out on a piece of paper that contains the reverse binary representation of 47:
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Example ( I )
If read 1, write 0, go right, repeat. If read 0, write 1, HALT! If read , write 1, HALT!
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Example ( II )
If read 1, write 0, go right, repeat. If read 0, write 1, HALT! If read , write 1, HALT!
0 1 1 1 0 1
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Example ( III )
If read 1, write 0, go right, repeat. If read 0, write 1, HALT! If read , write 1, HALT!
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Example ( IV )
If read 1, write 0, go right, repeat. If read 0, write 1, HALT! If read , write 1, HALT!
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Example ( V )
If read 1, write 0, go right, repeat. If read 0, write 1, HALT! If read , write 1, HALT!
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Example ( VI )
If read 1, write 0, go right, repeat. If read 0, write 1, HALT! If read , write 1, HALT! So the successors output on 111101 was 000011 which is the reverse binary representation of 48.
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1918 Arthur Scherbius built the Enigma Before that, all coding systems were lingual based Advantage Enigma: Enigma machine useless when stolen, cypher produced was very difficult
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Source: http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-maps/world-war-ii-map.html
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Polish enable to crack the code, sharing Bought a commercial Enigma Called for help: mathematicians The French bought keys, couldnt do anything with it Poland foresaw its invasion by Germany: gave all knowledge to England and France, destroyed it afterwards (1939)
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Second World War ( V ) 1939 Turing was asked to help to crack the Enigma Built with a team the Colussus, the first programmable computer Based on: his own 1936 concept of the universal machine the potential speed and reliability of electronic technology the inefficiency in designing different machines for different logical processes Cypher code could be decrypted from 1943 All computers were destroyed, ordered by Churchill 5/5/2012 22
Source:http://twbrit.com/2009/08/06/bletchley-park-the-home-of-anti-social-networking/ 5/5/2012
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Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine
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Turing Test ( I )
Because of the construction of the Colussus Turing thought it could be possible to construct a computer with the mind of a human being Wasnt focused anymore on what a TM could NOT do, but could do Turing was convinced that if a computer could do all mathematical operations, it could also do anything a person can do, a still highly controversial opinion In the Turing test for machine intelligence, an observer has to distinguish between the machine and a human by asking a series of questions through a computer link.
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Turing Test ( II )
Neurology & physiology Strengths of the test Weaknesses of the test
Source:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_Behaviour.png?uselang=de 5/5/2012 28
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Turing Test ( IV )
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Source:http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_19/b3882029_mz072.htm
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Turings Death
Committed suicide by eating a cyanide poisoned apple, 8th of June 1954 . Cause cyanide poisoning He was cremate, 12 june 1954 Turing mother says it was an accident regarding the bad habit of her sun to carreles store chemicals A. Hodges his biographer says that he choosed to die so ambiguasly in order to have something plausible for his mother D. Levit says that he was acting as in a scene of the film Snow White from 1937
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Recognitions ( I )
Award the highest award in C.S. since 1966 Breaking the Code is a 1986 play by Hugh Whitemore about Alan Turing. On 23 June 1998, on what would have been Turing's 86th birthday A. Hodges Unvails a plaque To mark the 50th anniversary of his death, a memorial plaque was unveiled on 7 June 2004 at his former residence, Hollymeade, in Wilmslow, Cheshire.
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Recognitions ( II )
On 13 March 2000, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines issued a set of stamps. On 28 October 2004, a bronze statue of Alan Turing sculpted by John W Mills was unveiled at the University of Surrey in Guildford In 2006, Boston Pride named Turing their Honorary Grand Marshal. The Princeton Alumni Weekly named Turing the second most significant alumnus in the history of Princeton A 1.5-ton, life-size statue of Turing was unveiled at Bletchley Park.
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Recognitions ( III )
The memorial statue, depicts the "father of Computer Science. A plinth at the statue's feet says 'Father of computer science, mathematician, logician, wartime code breaker, victim of prejudice'. In 1999, Time Magazine named Turing as one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century
Source: http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2008/07/alan-turing-the-father-of-computer-science.html
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Recognitions ( IV )
The University of Texas at Austin has an honors computer science program named the Turing Scholars.
Source: http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/contact/map.html
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Recognitions ( V )
In August 2009, John Graham-Cumming started a petition urging the British Government to posthumously apologies to Alan Turing for prosecuting him as a homosexual. The petition received thousands of signatures. Thousands of people have come together to demand justice for Alan Turing and recognition of the appalling way he was treated. While Turing was dealt with under the law of the time and we can't put the clock back, his treatment was of course utterly unfair and I am pleased to have the chance to say how deeply sorry I and we all are for what happened to him ... So on behalf of the British government, and all those who live freely thanks to Alan's work I am very proud to say: we're sorry, you deserved so much better.
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Recognitions ( VI )
Source:http://www.hnf.de/Sonderausstellung/Aktuell.asp?highmain=4&highsub=1&highsubsub=0 5/5/2012
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Questions What if A. Turing had lived twice he actually did? Where would the world be know?
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Source: http://pred.boun.edu.tr/ps/problemsolvers2.html
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References
Paul I. Muntean 2011, paper for the seminar Wissenschaftler und Ethik - Summer 11, Alan Turing: The father of modern Computer Science.
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