3.1 Symbols. In this topic, you must know the symbols used in Sets.

SYMBOL MEANING Universal Set (subject of discussion) Elements of (ahli @ unsur kepada) Union (gabungan) Intersection (tindanan) Subset (anak kepada) Null set (set kosong) A prime / complement of A (pelengkap A) number of elements in set A (bil. unsur dalam set A)

A n(A)

3.2 Operations in Sets Concept through example: = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} P = {1,3,5,7,9} Q = { 2,4,6,8,10} R = {1,4,9} S = {6,8}

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

P Q = (there is no elements) n( P Q) = 0 (number of elements is zero) P R = {1, 9} n(P R) = 2 (number of elements is two) P R = {1,3,4,5,7,9} n(P R) = 6 (number of elements is six) n(P R) = 10 6 = 4 (pelengkap ada empat sahaja)

(h) S Q (elements in S is in Q)