Mathematics 7

Remember: (Module 1)

1.A set is a well-defined group of objects that share a common characteristics.

Example: A = { a, e, I, o, u } read as Set A with elements a,e,I,o,u
X = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 } read as Set X with elements 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.10
2. The objects found in a set are called elements.
The elements of Set A are a,e,I,o,u .
The elements of Set X are 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10
3. The number of objects or elements in a set is the cardinality of the test.
This can be known by counting the number of objects in a set.
This is represented by n(A) = _____
Example: In, A = { a,e,I,o,u }
n(A) = 5 read as, the cardinality of set A is 5. (You just count the number
of elements in Set A).
In, X = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 }
n(X) = 10 read as, the cardinality of set X is 10. (You will count the
the number of elements in Set X).
4.The set formed when two or more sets are combined is called a union set. The symbol for union set is
U.
Example : Solve for the union set of the given sets.
1. X = { a,b,c,d,e,f }
Y = { g, h, I, j, k } , if you will combine Set X and Set Y.. . . . .(or the union of Set X and
Set Y , will be…..
X U Y = { a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,I,j,k } (read as, the union of Set X and Set Y )
n(X U Y ) = 11 (read as, the cardinality of the union of Set x and Set Y is 11)

2. L = { c,o,u,n t }
W = { e, r, s }
L U W = { c, o, u, n, t, e, r, s } (read as, the union of Set L and Set W )
n( L U W) = 8 ( read as, the cardinality of the union of Set L and Set W is 8 )

3. A = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 }
B = { 2, 4, 6, 8 }
A U B = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 } (this is the union of Set A and Set B, you are not going to write
2, 4,6, an 8 two times)
4. X = { m, o, d, e, r, n }
Y = { o,r, d, e }
X U Y = { m, o, d, e, r, n } (this is the union of Set X and Set Y, you are not going to write
O, r, d, e twice)

5. The intersection of two or more sets is the new set formed containing the elements that belong to both A
and B. These elements will be the elements that will be found in the intersection.
6. The symbol of intersection is ∩ .
Example: Solve for the intersection set of the given sets.
1. A = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 }
B = { 2, 4, 6 }
A ∩ B = { 2,4,6 } (The intersection of Set A and Set B has the elements of 2,4 and 6
Only. These are the elements that are both found in Set A and
Set B )
2. X = { m, o, l, d }
Y = { s, o, l, d }
X ∩ Y = {o, l, d } (The intersection of Set X and Set Y has the elements of o, l, d only )

7. The complement of a set is the set of all elements found in the universal set U that are not found in set A.
In determining the complement of a set, the operation that will be used is subtraction.
 8. The complement of set A, is written as A’.

Examples: Find the complement set of the following sets.

1. U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 } (universal set U )
A = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }
A’ = { 2,6, 8,10 } (the complement of Set A has the elements 2,4,6,8,10 these
Elements are found in the universal Set after subtracting
All the elements in Set A.)
2. U = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 }
X = { 10, 20, 30 }
X’ = { 40, 50,60 } (the complement of Set X has the elements 40, 50, 60)

9. A Set A is a subset of Set B if all elements of A are also elements of B; B then is the super set.
10. The symbol of subset is  .
11. Every set is a subset of itself.
12. The empty set is a subset of every set.

Examples: Find the subsets of the following set.

1.U = { 1, 2, 3 }
{ 1}, { 2 }, { 3 } (all the elements in U, universal set are subsets)
{ 1, 2 }, { 1, 3 }, { 2, 3 } ( you can pair these elements by two, they are all subsets of U)
{ 1, 2, 3 } ( The set itself can be a subset)
{ } (this is an empty set (Ø) it is a subset of every set)

So, how many subsets were formed?

{ 1}, { 2 }, { 3 } 3
{ 1, 2 }, { 1, 3 }, { 2, 3 } 3
{ 1, 2, 3 } 1
{ } 1
8 There are 8 subsets

3. U = { x, y }
Subsets:
{ x}
{ y }
{ x, y }
{ } , so, there are only 4 subsets of the set.

NOTE:
Dear Learners, this is a summary of the First Module on Sets. This will serve as your notes if you did not
understand the first LAS given to you. I will be giving an assessment or test next time. Find time to read and reread
all the pointers or reminders. Practice Makes Perfect!
(Mga mahal kong mag-aaral, ito po ay magsisilbing notes ninyo sa ipinalabas kong LAS sa una. Basahin at pag
aralan muli para sa susunod na pagsusulit ay maka sagot kayo sa mga tanong ko.
Ito ay hindi niyo na ipapasa sa akin. Praktis ng praktis naman diyan!

CHARMIE T. RAYO
09610569871
Fb: charm toreno