OPERATIO

NS OF
SET
Wilsa T. Amar
Sets can be
combined in a
number of different
ways to produce
another set
“On a Property of the
Collection of All Real
Algebraic Numbers”(1874)
by George Cantor. 

George Cantor
O Given sets A and B, the set theoretical
P
E
operators are:
R
A
T
I
Union (∪) • Cardinality of a Set
O Intersection (∩) • Cartesian Product of Sets
N
S Difference ( – ) • The Power Set

Complement ( ‘ )
O
F

S A∪B, A∩B, A-B, and A’.

E
T
 UNION OF
O
P
SETS
E
R
If two sets A and B are given, then the union of A
A and B is equal to the set that contains all the
T
I elements present in set A and set B.
O
N
S This operation can be represented as;
A ∪ B = {x: x ∈ A or x ∈ B}
O
F
Where x is the elements present in
S both sets A and B.
E
T
 EXAMPL
O E
P
E
R A = {1,2,3,4} B = {2,5,4,6,7}
A
T
I
O
N
S A ∪B = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
O
F

S
E
Note that elements are not repeated in a set.
T
 UNION OF
O
P
SETS
E
R
A
T
I
O
N
S

O
F

S
E
T
 INTERSECTION OF SETS
O
P
E
R If two sets A and B are given, then the
A
T intersection of A and B is the subset of universal
I
O
set S, which consist of elements common to both A
N and B. It is denoted by the symbol ‘∩’.
S

O This operation is represented by:

F
A∩B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B}
S
E Where x is the common element
T of both sets A and B.
 EXAMPL
O E
P
E
R
A
T
A = {1,2,3,4} B = {2,5,4,6,7}
I
O
N
S A ∩ B = {2,4,}
O
F

S
E
T
 INTERSECTION OF SETS
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N
S

O
F

S
E
T
O
DIFFERENCE OF SETS
P
E
R If there are two sets A and
A
T B, then the difference of
I
O
two sets A and B is equal to
N the set which consists of
S
elements present in A but
O not in B.
F

S
It is represented by A-B.
E
T
 EXAMPL
O E
P
E
R
A
T
A = {1,2,3,4} B = {2,5,4,6,7}
I
O
N
S A-B= {1,3}
O
F

S
E
T
 COMPLEMENT OF SETS
O
P
E
R
A If S is a universal set
T
I and A is any subset of S
O
N
then the complement of
S A is the set of all
O
elements of the set S
F apart from the elements
S of A.
E
T
 COMPLEMENT OF SETS
O
P
E
R
A
T
I
O
N
S

O
F

S
E
T
 EXAMPL
O E
P
E U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
R
A A = {2, 3, 7, 8}
T
I B = {1, 3, 4, 5}
O
N
S A∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8}
O A∩B = {3}
F
A–B= { 2, 7, 8}
S
E A’ = {1, 4, 5, 6, 9}
T
 EXAMPL
O E
P
E U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
R
A A={2,3,7,8} B ={1,3,4,5} C={1,2,6,9} D=Ø
T
I
O
N (A ∪ C)’ =
S

O
A’ ∪ B’ =
F
(A ∩ B) ∪ C =
S
E A’ ∪ (B’ ∩ C) =
T
 EXAMPL
O E
P
E U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
R
A A={2,3,7,8} B ={1,3,4,5} C={1,2,6,9} D=Ø
T
I
O
N (A ∪ C)’ = ?
S

O
A ∪ C = {1,2,3,6,7,8,9}
F
(A ∪ C)’ = {4,5}
S
E
T
 EXAMPL
O E
P
E U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
R
A A={2,3,7,8} B ={1,3,4,5} C={1,2,6,9} D=Ø
T
I
O
N A’ ∪ B’ = ?
S

O
A’ = {1,4,5,6,9}
F
B’ = {2,6,7,8,9}
S
E A’ ∪ B’ = {1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9 }
T
 EXAMPL
O E
P
E U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
R
A A={2,3,7,8} B ={1,3,4,5} C={1,2,6,9} D=Ø
T
I
O
N B - C’ = ?
S

O
C’ = {3,4,5,7,8}
F
B - C’ = {1}
S
E
T
 EXAMPL
O E
P
E U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
R
A A={2,3,7,8} B ={1,3,4,5} C={1,2,6,9} D=Ø
T
I
O (A ∩ B) ∪ C = ?
N
S A ∩ B = {3}
O
F (A ∩ D) ∪ B = {1,3,4,5}
S
A∩ D= Ø
E (A ∩ B) ∪ C = {1,2,3,6,9}
T
 EXAMPL
O E
P
E U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
R
A A={2,3,7,8} B ={1,3,4,5} C={1,2,6,9} D=Ø
T
I
O
N A’ ∪ (B’ ∩ C) = ?
S

O
B’ ={2,6,7,8,9}
F
B’ ∩ C = {2,6,9}
S
E A’ = {1,4,5,6,9}
T
A’ ∪ (B’ ∩ C) = {1,2,4,5,6,9}
O

Thank
P
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T
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You
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