Lesson 1.

3
OPERATIONS ON SETS
Intersection and Union
Difference of Two Sets
Complement of a Set
Solving Problems using Venn Diagrams
 Favorite Subjects
JP’s favorite subject
J = {Math, Science, P.E., Arts, English}
Mark’s favorite subject
M = {Math, E.P., English, Filipino, C.F.}
Nil’s favorite subject
N = {Computer, Music, Arts, A.P., Health}
What can you say about Set J and Set M?

How about Set M and Set N, are there any

common element?
BASIC SET OPERATIONS
 Intersection of sets
The set containing the elements that are in
both sets. “” symbol for intersection.
J = {Math, Science, P.E., Arts, English}
M = {Math, E.P., English, Filipino, C.F.}
N = {Computer, Music, Arts, A.P., Health}

J  M = { Math, English}
N  J = { Arts}
M  N = { } or 
 M  N = { } or 
Set M and Set N do not have common elements,
therefore the two sets are called DISJOINT
SETS.
If A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B = { 2, 3, 4, 7, 9}, what
is A  B?
A  B = { 2, 3, 4}
Is A  B = B  YES
A? !
What is A  A? A  A = { 1,2,3,4,5} or A
Venn Diagram of Intersection of
Sets

A  B = { 2, 3, 4}
If M and N are disjoint sets, is there any
possibility that these two sets
YES be combine?
!
Union of sets
The set of all elements that are in one set, or in the
other set, or in both sets. “” symbol for union.

“or” suggests union, while “and” suggests intersection

Union and Intersection
are called set operations
 A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B = { 2, 3, 4, 7, 9}
What is A  B? A  B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9}
 A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B = { 2, 3, 4, 7, 9}
What are the elements in A that are not in B?
1,5
The set containing these elements is called the
DIFFERENCE OF SET B FROM A.
This can be represented by A – B = {1,5}
How about B – A? B – A = {7, 9}
A – B = {1,5}
B – A = {7,9}
Can we say that A – B = B – A ? NO!
Let A = { x  x is a counting number between 2
and 9}
Let B = { x  x is a whole number less than 5}
A = { 3,4,5,6,7,8}
B = { 0,1,2,3,4}
A - B = { 5,6,7,8}
B - A = { 0,1,2}
A - B = { 5,6,7,8}
B - A = { 0,1,2}
A = { 2,9,7,8,6,5} B = { 1,6,3,4}
Using Venn Diagram, show A – B and B – A.
UNION and INTERSECTION of SETS are
called BINARY SET OPERATIONS.
COMPLEMENT of a SET is the only UNARY
SET OPERATION.
The set of elements in the universal set that are
not in A. It is represented by A’.
U = { 0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20}
A = { 0,2}
B = { 6,8,10,12,20}
C = { 0,4,8,12,16,20}
D = { 18, 10, 6, 8}
Find;
A’ = {4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20}
B’ = {0,2,4,14,16,18}
C’ = {2,6,10,14,18}
D’ = {0,2,4,12,14,16,20}
The complement of the universal set is an
empty set.
The complement of an empty set is the
universal set.
The U – A is called the complement of A or A’.
Representation of Sets using Venn
diagrams
Identify the set notation formula to describe
the shaded region.

A B
Identify the set notation formula to describe
the shaded region.

A B
Identify the set notation formula to describe
the shaded region.

D’
Identify the set notation formula to describe
the shaded region.

(A  B)’
Identify the set notation formula to describe
the shaded region.

(A  B)’
Identify the set notation formula to describe
the shaded region.

A’  B or B - A
Solving Problems using Venn Diagrams
Represent the given situation/information
using Venn diagram.
1. n(AB) = 5
n(A) = 12
n(B) = 18
n(U) = 31

2. n(ABC) = 7 n(A) = 22
n(AB) = 10 n (B) = 18
n(BC) = 11 n(C) = 17
n(AC) = 7 n(U) = 41