Goodmorning!!!!

Did you read last night?

 Between two beings there is always the
barrier of words. Man has so many ears
and speaks so many languages. Should it
nevertheless be possible to understand
one another? Is real communication
possible if word and language betray us
every time? Shall, in the end, only the
language of guns and tanks prevail and
not human reason and understanding?
Joost A. M. Meerloo
Communication Process
 The Processes of
Communication
• What usually occurs during the process of
communication?

• Take a look at a few examples of what

almost anyone would call communication.
• A child cries out in the night to its
mother.
• A motorist honk his horn to warn a
pedestrian
• A speaker yells at a crowd on a street
corner.
• A driver studies a road map
• A traffic light changes red to green.
• A dog growls at another dog that is trying
to steal a bone
• A man buys a newspaper, climbs aboard a
train, settles down to read on his way
home
• A mother in the OB ward asks her
physician. “Doctor, if we don’t want more
children right away, how can we space
them safely?”
• Ask yourself a question about what
you just have read.

• What is common to all of them?

 Communication Process

• The essential process in

communication is sharing.
 Communication Process

• The process of sharing information,

and the relationship of the
participants in this process is called
communication.
 Communication Process

• Message is passed from sender to

receiver with the hope that
information exchanged will be
understood
 Communication Process

• Key process that enables middle

manager nurses position as a role
model of exemplary care, direct
subordinates, challenge peers to
produce, and support higher
management
Elements of communication
• Sender
• Receiver
• Channel or medium
• Feedback
 Some things to think about

• Does all communication have to be

human communication?

• Do both participants in the communication

process have to be present at the same
time?
 Some things to think about

• What is it about communication that

makes it possible to communicate over
large distance of space and time?

• Does communication have to be in words?

 Some things to think about

• Does communication always require two

or more participants?

• Is thinking a form of communication

 Communication Process
• Nurse managers are involved:
Interpersonal communication, Organizational
communication

• Medication and treatment errors and policy

infractions = ineffective communication
 Importance of the
Communication process
• Nurse managers spend most of their time
communicating
• Good communication motivates staff
members
• Communication leads to influence and
power
 Guidelines for Effective
Communication
• Clarify ideas before communicating

• Examine the true purpose of

communication
 Guidelines for Effective
Communication

• Consider the setting of communication

• Consult with others, when appropriate,

in planning communication
 Guidelines for Effective
Communication

• Be mindful of the non-verbal messages

you send

• Communicate something helpful to the

receiver
Guidelines for Effective
Communication

• Follow-up on communication

• Be sure your actions support

communication
 Characteristics of effective
FEEDBACK
• Should be helpful
• Should be descriptive rather evaluative
• Should be specific rather than general
• Should be well-timed
• Should not overwhelm
 Management functions and
communications
• Downward communication
• Upward communication
• Horizontal communication
Informal communication—The
GRAPEVINE

• Used for social interaction

• Occurs for natural motivation to

exchange information
 Informal communication—The
GRAPEVINE

• Occurs at all levels of the

organization

• Extremely influential
 Informal communication—The
GRAPEVINE

• Has unusual ability to find out the

tightest organizational secrets

• Employees are active “fresh” & “hot”

Informal communication—The
GRAPEVINE

• Source of info affects strength and

duration of grapevine
• A product of situation than of
personality
• Single-strand chain, gossip chain,
probability chain, cluster chain
Barriers to communication
• Physical barrier
• Noise
• System overload
• Social-psychologic barriers
• Semantics