Interaction between living organisms

1. Types of interaction between the organisms in a community are: a) Prey-predator b) Symbiosis c) Competition

Prey-predator
1. Predator- hunt other animals for food 2. Prey- animal that gets eaten by predator 3. Examples:
a) b) c) d) Barn owls or snakes prey on rats Eagles prey on snake Sparrows prey on worms Lions prey on deers

Example Prey-predator
a) Rats-Snakes, Barn Owl

Rat

Barn Owl Snake

prey

predator

b)Snakes- Eagles

Snake

Eagle

prey

predator

c) Worms -Sparrows

Worm

Sparrow

prey

predator

d) Deers-Lions

Deer

Lion

prey

predator

Which is the prey and predator?

Characteristics of prey & predator

Prey Monoscopic vision Ability to move fast Predator Steroscopic vision Large, strong canines

Lives in groups (etc. elephants) Camourflamage body

Sharp, strong, curved claws

prey

Monoscopic vision

Camouflage body

Large, sharp beaks

Predator

Stereoscopic vision

Sharp, big, strong, curved claws

Symbiosis
1. Means-living together and depending on each other 2. Three types:
a) Commensalism b) Mutualism c) Parasitism

Commensalism
1. Two organism interact but only one gets benefit and the other does not gain anything. 2. Examples:
a) Barnacles living on whales body and crab b) Birds nest fern living on tree branches c) Remora fish attaches at sharks body

Barnacles living on whales body and crab

Barnacles gains transport to look for food Host: Whale/crab gains no benefit Commensal: Barnacles gains benefit

Birds nest fern living on tree branches

Birds nest fern gains sunlight, support and nutrient by adhering to a tree Host: Tree gains no benefit Commensal: Birds nest fern gains benefit

Remora fish attaches at sharks body

Remora fish gets source of nutrient & helps to cleans the sharks body Host: Shark gains no benefit Commensal: Remora fish gains benefit

Birds and Buffalo

The birds get source of food& help the buffalo to remove ticks Host: Buffalo gains no benefit Commensal: Bird gains benefit

Mutualism
1. Two organisms interact and both gets benefit 2. Examples:
a) Sea anemone and clownfish b) Lichen and Fungus

Clownfish and sea anemones

Anemone protects the Clownfish from predators, providing food Clownfish defends the anemone from its predators,cleans it from parasites.

Lichen and Fungus

Lichen consists of fungus and algae living together Fungus protects the algae Algae makes the food

Fungus

Algae

Parasitism
1. 1. Two organisms interact and one gets benefit and the host losses/harm 2. Examples: a) Tapeworm living in human intestine b) Rafflesia parasite plant

Biological control
1. Is an effective way to control pest by using prey-predator relationship to control pest. 2. Example:- farmer uses owls and snake to control rats in oil palm estate

Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantage
a) Does not cause pollution b) Safe and no effect to other organism

Disadvantage
a) Takes longer time compared to chemicals b) May effect other species if choose wrongly

c) Low cost

c) Predator may become nuisance

Food Web
1. All organisms interact through food relationship in an ecosystem, 2. Can be classified as:
a) Producers b) Consumers c) Decomposers

Producers
1. Producers such as Green plants which are able to make their own food

Consumers
1. There are three types of consumers:
a) Primary consumers-first group of animals that feed on plants b) Secondary consumers- feed on primary consumers c) Tertiary consumers- feed on secondary consumers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Chicken Paddy plant

Snake Eagle

Caterpillar

Frog

Producers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Tertiary consumer

Decomposers
1. Organisms that feed on dead plants and animals. 2. Decays and breaks down the dead substances into simpler substances 3. Examples: bacteria, fungus