Surface Area and Volume of Solids

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24
Surface Area and Volume of Solids
24.1 INTRODUCTION In the previous lesson you have studied about plane figures i.e., figures which completely lie in a plane like squares, rectangles, triangles, circles etc. But the objects like a brick, a glass tumbler, a box, a football, an ice cream cone, etc. are not plane figures. They are called Solids. In this lesson we will study about these types of solids. 24.2 OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, the learner will be able to : identify different solids explain the meaning of surface area of a solid find the surface area of a cube, cuboid, cylinder, cone, sphere and a hemisphere using the respective formulae. find the area of four walls of a room explain the meaning of volume of a solid find the volume of a cube, cuboid, cylinder, cone, sphere and a hemisphere using respective formulae solve problems from day to day life situations based on the above concepts. 24.3 EXPECTED BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE Area of plane and rectilinear figures Circumference and area of a circle Four fundamental operations on numbers 24.4. SOLID FIGURES In Fig 24(i), we have a paper cut in the form as shown. It is a plane figure.

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But when we fold the paper along the dotted lines, we can make a box (like a chalk box) as shown in Fig 24.1(ii).

(i) Fig. 24.1

(ii)

As the box occupies some part of the space, it has more than two dimensions. Such objects which occupy space (i.e., they have three dimensions) are called solids. The sum of the areas of the plane figures making up the boundary of a solid figure is called its surface area, [For example, the area of paper in Fig 24.1(i) is the surface area of box] and the measure of part of space occupied by a solid is called its Volume. Now, we shall take some solids like a cuboid, a cylinder, a cone and a sphere and learn to find their surface areas and volumes. 24.5 CUBOID A brick, chalk box, geometrical box, match box and a book are all examples of cuboids. Fig 24.2 represents a cuboid. It can be easily seen from the figure that a cuboid has six rectangular plane surfaces called faces. [ABCD, ABEF, BCHF, EFHG, ADGE and DCHG], and the opposite faces [like ABCD and EFHG] are congurent. Two adjacent faces meet along a line segment called an edge. For example, faces ABCD and BCHF meet along the edge BC. A cuboid has 12 edges in all. A cuboid has 8 corners called the vertices. A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are the vertices of the cuboid represented by Fig 24.2.
Fig. 24.2

It can be seen that at every vertex, there are three edges meeting [called coterminous edges]. One of these edges is taken as length, the other the breadth and the third as height and are denoted by l, b and h respectively. The line-segment joining the vertex A to the vertex H is called a main diagonal of the cuboid.

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Let AB= l, AE = b and AD = h, then the total surface area of cuboid = sum of the areas of six faces ABCD, EFGH, ADGE, BCHF, ABFE and DCHG = (lh + lh + bh + bh + lb + lb) = 2(lb + bh + hl)
Total surface area of a cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl)

Main diagonal of a cuboid =

l 2 + b2 + h2

Cube : A cube is a special case of a cuboid when all the edges are equal i.e. l = b = h = a (say)
The surface area of a cube = 6a2

Main Diagonal of a cube =

3a

To find the volume of a cuboid, we first define the unit of measurement of volume, which is unit cube. A unit cube is the volume of a cube of side 1 unit. So, if the side of a cube is 1 cm, its volume is 1 cubic centimeter (or 1 cu. cm) and if the side is 1 m, the volume is 1 cu m. To find the volume of a cuboid, we are to find the number of unit cubes contained in it. Let us have a cuboid with sides 5 cm, 4 cm and 3 cm. In Fig. 24.3, you can easily find that the number of unit cubes in the cuboid are 5 4 3 = 60. So, the volume of the cuboid = 60 cu. cm.

Fig. 24.3

You can see that Volume = 60 cu. cm. = 5 cm 4 cm 3 cm = length breadth height

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In general, we can deduce that Volume of a cuboid = length breadth height and Volume of cube = (edge)3 Let us now take some examples to illustrate the above formulae : Example 24.1 : Find the surface area and volume of a slab of stone measuring 3 m in length, 2 m in breadth and 25 cm in thickness. Solution : Here l = 3 m, b = 2 m and h = 25 cm = Surface area = 2(lb + bh + hl) 1 1 = 2 3 2 + 2 4 + 3 4 25 1 m= m 100 4

FH F 1 3I = 2 H6 + 2 + 4K

IK

sq m

sq m = 14.5 sq m. 1 cu m = 1.5 cu m. 4

Volume = l.b.h = 3 2

Example 24.2 : If the surface area of a cube is 96 sq cm, find its volume. Solution : The surface area of cube = 6 a2, where a is the side of cube

96 = 6 a2 a2 = 96 = 16 6 a = 4 cm

Volume of the cube = a3 = (4)3 cu cm = 64 cu cm.

Example 24.3 : A tank contains 60,000 cu. m of water. If the length and breadth are 50 m and 40 m respectively, find its depth. Solution : Volume of water in tank = 60,000 cu m Length of tank = 50 m Breadth of tank = 40 m Let depth of the tank be x m

50 40 x = 60,000 x=
60,000 = 30 m 50 40

Hence depth of the tank = 30 m.

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Example 24.4 : If the volume of cube is 2197 cu cm, find the surface area and the length of the main diagonal of the cube. Solution : Volume of cube = (side)3 = 2197 cu cm = (13)3 cu cm

Side of cube = 13 cm = 6(13)2 sq cm = 1014 sq cm

Surface area of cube = 6 (side)2 sq units

In Fig 24.4, DF is diagonal of a cube

Length of the diagonal of a cube =

3 (side)

Fig. 24.4

3 .13 cm = 13 3 cm or 22.516 cm.

Example 24.5 : Five cubes each of edge 16 cm, are joined end to end. Find the surface area of the resulting cuboid. Solution : Let the cuboid obtained by joining five cubes be as shown in Fig 24.5

Fig. 24.5

l = 16 5 = 80 cm b = 16 cm h = 16 cm

Surface area of the resulting cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl)

= 2(80 16 + 16 16 + 16 80) sq cm = 2(1280 + 256 + 1280) sq cm = 5632 sq cm. Example 24.6 : A wooden box 1.5 m long, 1.25 m wide and 65 cm deep and open at the top is to be made. Determine the cost of wood required for it, if one sq m of wood costs Rs 10. Solution : Surface area of wood required = lb + 2bh + 2lh [Q The box has five faces]

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= 1.5 1.25 + 2(1.25 .65 + 1.5 .65) sq cm = 1.875 + 2 0.65 2.75 sq cm = 1.875 + 3.575 = 5.450 sq cm.
Cost of wood required for the box = Rs (5.45 10)

= Rs 54.50. Example 24.7 : A closed wooden box measures externally as 42 cm by 32 cm by 27 cm. The wood used is 1 cm thick. Find the internal capacity (volume) of the box. Solution : Here external dimensions are 42 cm, 32 cm, 27 cm Since the wood is 1 cm thick, so the internal dimension will be (42 2) cm, (32 2) cm, (27 2) cm

Volume = (40 30 25) cu cm = 30000 cu cm.

Example 24.8 : A river 10 meters deep and 100 meters wide is flowing at the rate of 4.5 km an hour. Find how many cubic meter of water runs into the sea per second. Solution : Rate of flow = 4.5 km/hr = 4500 5 m/sec = m/s 3600 4

5 Length of river bed per second = 4 m/s Breadth = 100 m and depth = 10 m

Volume of water flowing/sec =

5 100 10 cu m 4

= 1250 cu m. Example 24.9 : A field is 600 m long and 50 m broad. A tank 30 m long, 20 m broad and 12 m deep is dug in the field. The earth taken out of it is spread evenly over the field. Find the height of the field raised by it. Solution : Area of the field = (600 50) sq m = 30000 sq m Area of the tank = (30 20) sq m = 600 sq m Volume of earth taken out of tank = (30 20 12) cu m = 7200 cu m Area of the field, where the earth is to be spread = (30,000 600) sq m = 29400 sq m
Height of the field raised

12 7200 m= m. 29400 49

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Example 24.10 : A cuboidal beam is 8 meters long, 50 cm broad and 20 cm thick. What is its cost at Rs 7000 per cubic meter ? 50 20 Solution : Volume of beam 8 100 100 = 4 cu m 5

FH

IK

cu m

Cost of the beam = Rs

FH 4 7000IK 5

= Rs 5600

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 24.1 1. Fill in the blanks to make each of the following statements true : (i) Total surface area of a cuboid = ............... (ii) Surface area of a cuboid open at the top = ............... (iii) Total surface area of a cube = ............... (iv) Volume of a cuboid = ............... (v) Volume of a cube = ............... (vi) Length of diagonal of a cuboid = ............... 2. Find the volume and surface area of each of the following cuboids : Length (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 6m 15 cm 10 m 3m Breadth 3m 10 cm 4m 2.5 m Height 2.5 m 5 cm 75 cm 1.5 m

3. Find the surface areas and the volumes of the cubes with edges (i) 5 cm (ii) 3.6 cm (iii) 1.6 m

4. Find the edges of a cube whose volume is (i) 3375 cu cm (ii) 2.197 cu m (iii) 15.625 cu cm.

5. A closed wooden box measures externally as 50 cm by 40 cm by 30 cm. The wood used in 2 cm thick. Find the capacity of the box. 6. The length of a room is 12 meters, width 8 meters and height 6 meters. How many boxes it can hold if each box occupies a space of 1.5 cu meters ?

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7. A cuboidal box whose external dimensions including the lid are 32 dm, 27 dm, 12 dm is made of wood 1 dm thick. What is the capacity of the box and what is the volume of wood used in it ? 8. Find the total surface area of a wooden plank of width 3 m, thickness 0.75 m and of volume 33.75 cubic meters. 9. Three cubes each of side 8 cm are joined end to end. Find the surface area of the resulting cuboid. 10. The areas of three adjacent faces of a cuboid are a, b and c. It its volume is V, prove that V2 = abc. 24.6 RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER A right circular cylinder is a solid generated by the revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides which remains fixed. Thus if the rectangle ABCD revolves about the side AB, it describes the cylinder shown in Fig 24.6. In our daily life, we come across many solids like water pipes, thin cans, beakers in the laboratory, powder box, which are right circular cylinders. We note that the ends (or bases) of a right circular cylinder are congurent circles and the line joining the centres A and B of these circles is perpendicular to the two ends. 24.6.1 Volume of a Cylinder = (area of the base) height = r2h cubic units where, r is the radius of the base and h is the height of the cylinder. 24.6.2 Curved Surface of a Cylinder Area of the rectangle obtained by cutting a hollow cylinder along any line on its surface parallel to the axis is called its curved surface area.
Fig. 24.6

Fig. 24.7

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Curved surface area of a cylinder = 2 rh

If the cylinder is closed at both ends, then the total surface area = curved surface area + area of two ends = 2 rh + 2 r2 sq units = 2 r (r + h) sq units And if the cylinder is closed from one end and open form the other, then its curved surface area = 2 rh + r2 sq units. 22 Let us now take some examples to illustrate the above formulae. In all proboems use = 7 unless stated otherwise. Example 24.11 : Find the volume and the total surface area of a closed right cylinder whose radius is 7 m and height is 10 m. Solution : Here r = 7 m and h = 10 m
Volume = r2h

22 7 7 10 cu m 7

= 1540 cu m Total surface area = 2 r (r + h) =2 22 7 (7 + 10) sq m 7

= 22 34 = 748 sq m. Example 24.12 : A hollow cylindrical tube, open at both ends is made of iron 1 cm thick. If the external diameter is 12 cm and the length of tube is 70 cm, find the volume of iron used in making the tube. Solution : Here external radius (R) = 6 cm and and

internal radius (r) = 6 1 = 5 cm height (h) = 70 cm Volume of iron = External volume Internal volume = R2h r2h = h(R2 r2) =
22 70 (36 25) cu cm 7

= 220 11 cu cm = 2420 cu cm.

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Example 24.13 : The diameter of a roller 1 m long is 70 cm. If it takes 200 revolutions to level a playground, find the cost of levelling at the rate of 75 paise per sq m. Solution : Here r = 35 cm = 0.35 m and h = 1 m

Curved surface area = 2 rh 22 35 1 = 2 sq m 7 100 = 2.2 sq m

Area swept in 200 revolution = 2.2 200 = 440 sq m Cost of levelling = 440 0.75 = Rs 330.

Example 24.14 : A field is 150 m long and 70 m broad. A circular tank of radius 5.6 m and depth 20 cm is dug in the field and the earth taken out of it is spread evenly over the field. Find the height of the field raised by it. Solution : Volume of earth dug out = r2h = 56 56 FH 22 10 10 20IK 7 cu m

= 1971.2 cu m. Area of field = (150 70) sq m = 10500 sq m

L 22 F 56I O Area of base of tank = M 7 H 10 K P sq m N Q

2

= 98.56 sq m
Area of the field where the earth is to be spread

= 10500 98.56 sq m = 10401.44 sq m

Height of the field raised

Volume 1971.2 = = 0.1895 m area 10401.44

= 18.95 cm. Example 24.15 : A cubic meter of iron is drawn into a wire of diameter 3.5 mm. Find the 22 length of the wire. = Use = 7 . Solution : Volume of iron melted = 1 cu m = 100 100 100 cu cm

LM N

OP Q

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Let the length of the wire be x cm

7 Volume of wire = 40 =

FH IK

x cu cm

22 7 7 x cu cm 7 40 40

By the problem, 22 7 7 x = 100 100 100 7 40 40 x = 100 100 100 7 40 40 cm 22 7 7

1 40 40 = 10 km 22 7 = 103896 m (approx). Example 24.16 : A cylindrical bucket of diameter 28 cm and height 12 cm, is full of water. The water is emptied into a rectangular tub of length 66 cm and breadth 28 cm. Find the height to which water rises in the tub. Solution : Volume of water in the bucket = r2h = 22 14 14 12 cu cm 7

= 7392 cu cm. Let h be the height to which water rises in the tub.
Volume of water in the tub = 66 28 h cu cm By the problem,

66 28 h = 7392 or h= 7392 = 4 cm 66 28

i.e. water rises to a height of 4 cm in the tub. CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 24.2 1. Fill in the blanks to make each of the following statements true : (i) Volume of a right circular cylinder = ............... (ii) Surface area of a closed cylinder = ...............

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(iii) Surface area of a cylinder open at the top = ............... (iv) Surface area of a cylinder open at both ends = ............... 2. Find the volumes and total surface area of the following cylinders : Radius (i) (ii) (iii) 7 cm 10 cm 5m Height 12 cm 3.5 m 1.4 m

3. A water storage tank has a cylindrical shape. If it is 2.1 m high and has a diameter 1 m, find its volume. 4. A rectangular piece of paper 33 cm long and 16 cm wide is rolled along its breadth to get a cylinder of height 16 cm. Find the volume of the cylinder. 5. The volume of right circular cylinder is 3080 cu cm and the radius of base is 7 cm. Find the curved surface area of the cylinder. 6. A hollow cylindrical tube, open at both ends, is made of iron 2 cm thick. If the external diameter be 50 cm and the length of tube be 140 cm, find volume of iron used in making the tube. 7. A well, with 10 meters inside diameter, is dug 14 meters deep. Earth taken out of it has been spread all-around it to a width of 5 meters to form an embankment. Find the height of the embankment. 8. The radii of two cylinders are in the ratio 3 : 2 and their heights are in the ratio 7 : 4. Calculate the ratios of their volumes and of the cured surface areas. 9. The diameter of a garden roller is 2.8 m and it is 1.5 m long. How much area will it cover in 100 revolutions ? 10. Find the whole surface area of a hollow cylinder open at the ends, if its length is 8 cm, the external diameter is 10 cm and the thickness is 2 cm ( = 3.1416). 24.7 SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF RIGHT CIRCULAR CONE A right circular cone is a solid generated by the revolution of a right angled triangle about one of the its sides containing the right angle as axis. In Fig 24.8 right triangle AOB revolves along AO to generate the cone of height h and radius r and slant height l = AC. 24.7.1 Surface Area of a Right circular cone To find the total surface of a cone, let us cut it along its slant height, and spread it into a sector ABC as shown in Fig 24.9.
Fig. 24.8

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Fig. 24.9

Thus curved surface area = =

1 . radius AC . arc BC. 2 1 . l.2r = rl sq. units 2

Since area of the base is r2, so total surface area = rl + r2 = r(l + r) 24.7.2 Volume of a Right circular cone Volume of a cone = =
1 area of base height 3 1 2 r h cu units. 3

24.8 SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF A SPHERE A sphere is a solid generated by the revolution of a semicircle about its diameter. It can also be defined as under : A sphere is the locus of a point which moves in space such that its distance from a fixed point in space remains constant. The fixed point is called the centre of sphere and the constant distance is called the radius of sphere. In Fig. 24.10, O is the centre and OP = r is the radius. To find the surface area and the volume of a sphere, we use the following formulae. Surface area of sphere = 4 r2 Volume of sphere = 4 r 3 3
Fig 24.10

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24.8.1 Hemisphere A hemisphere is obtained by cutting a sphere into two equal halves by a plane passing through its centre [Fig. 24.11] Thus, curved surface area of a hemisphere = 2 r2 Volume of a hemisphere = 2 r 3 3
Fig 24.11

Total surface area of a solid hemisphere = 2 r2 + r2 = 3 r2 Let us now take some examples :

Example 24.17 : Find the volume, curved surface area and the total surface area of a right circular cone, the radius of whose base is 14 m and the height is 9 m. Solution : Here r = 1.4 m and h = 9 m

Volume of cone = =

1 r 2 h 3 1 22 14 14 9 cu m 3 7 10 10

= 18.48 cu m l= =
r 2 + h2 =

b1.4g

+ 92
Fig 24.12

196 + 81 = 82.96 = 9.1 m .

Curved surface area = rl = 22 14 9.1 sq m 7 10

= 40.04 sq m Total surface area = rl + r2 22 14 14 = 40.04 + sq m 7 10 10 = 40.04 + 6.16 sq m = 46.20 sq m.

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Example 24.18 : Find the surface area and the volume of a sphere of radius 10.5 cm. Solution : Here radius = 10.5 cm 4 3 4 22 21 21 21 Volume = 3 r = 3 7 2 2 2 cu cm = 4851 cu cm Surface area = 4 r2 22 21 21 = 4 sq cm 7 2 2 = 1386 sq cm. Example 24.19 : If the radius of a sphere is tripled, what is the ratio of the volume of original sphere to that of the second ? Solution : Let the radius of sphere = r units

Volume of sphere V1 =

4 r 3 cu units 3

When the radius is tripled, new radius = 3 r units

Volume of sphere V2 =

4 3r 3

b g

4 r 3 3 3 cu units 3

bg

Ratio is 1 : 27.

4 r 3 V1 3 = 1 V2 = 4 3 r .27 27 3

Example 24.20 : Find the diameter of a sphere whose volume is 38808 cu cm. Solution : Let r be the radius of the sphere Then its volume = By question, 4 r 3 = 38808 3

4 r 3 3

r3 =

38808 3 7 4 22 = 441 21 = (21)3 r = 21

Radius of the sphere = 21 cm.

Thus diameter of the sphere is (21 2) or 42 cm.

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Example 24.21 : Find the radius of the base of right circular cone of height 10.5 cm and volume 176 cu cm. Solution : Let r be the radius of the base of the cone. Its height = 10.5 cm Then its volume = =

1 r 2 h 3 1 22 r 2 10.5 cu cm 3 7

1 22 r 2 10.5 = 176 3 7

r2 =

176 3 7 = 16 22 10.5

r=4

Hence radius of the base = 4 cm. Example 24.22 : Rain water which fills a tub of dimensions 6 m 4 m 2.75 cm is transferred to a cylindrical vessel of radius 20 cm. Find the height of water in the cylindrical vessel. Solution : Volume of rain water collected in the tub 275 cu m = 0.66 cu m = 64 10000 Let the height of the water raised in the cylindrical vessel be h m
Volume of water in cylindrical vessel = r2h

= =

22 20 20 h cu m 7 100 100 22 h cu m 175

22 h = 0.66 175 h= 66 175 = 5.25 m. 100 22 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 24.3

1. Fill in the blanks to make each of the following statements true : (i) Curved surface area of a cone = ............... (ii) Total surface area of a cone = ............... (iii) Volume of a cone = ...............

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(iv) Surface area of a sphere = ............... (v) Volume of a sphere = ............... (vi) Volume of a hemisphere = ............... (vii) Total surface area of a solid hemisphere = ............... 2. Find the volume, the curved surface area and the total surface area of right circular cone with the following dimensions : Radius (r) (i) (ii) (iii) 21 cm 14 cm 3.5 m Height (h) 28 cm 12 cm 12 m

3. How many meters of cloth 3 m wide will be required to make a conical tent, the radius of whose base is 5 m and whose height is 12 m ? 4. The area of the base of a right circular cone is 616 sq cm and its height is 9 cm. Find its volume. 5. A conical cup of height 15 cm has a base radius of 12.6 cm. The cup is full of water. The water is poured into a cylinder of base radius 7 cm. Find the height to which water will rise in the cylinder. 6. A conical tent is 6 m high with radius of base as 8 m (a) Find the cost of cloth required to make the tent, if one square meter of cloth costs Rs 30. (b) How many persons can sit in the tent if each person requires 4 sq m of space on the ground and 20 cu meter of air to breath in. [Use = 3.14] 7. Find the slant height and curved surface area of cone whose volume is 12936 cu cm and the diameter of whose base is 42 cm. 8. Find the volume and the surface area of a sphere of radius 2.1 cm. 9. The radius of an iron sphere is 3.5 cm. It is melted to form smaller spheres of diameter 1.75 cm. Find the number of smaller spheres formed. 10. A cone, a hemisphere and a cylinder stand on equal bases and have same height. Show that their volumes are inthe ratio 1 : 2 : 3. 11. Find the radius of the base of a right circular cone of height 21 cm and volume 550 cu cm. 12. Find the diameter of a sphere of volume 4851 cu cm.

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24.8 AREA OF FOUR WALLS OF A ROOM Let Fig 24.15(i) represents the four walls of a room of length (l), breadth (b) and height (h). Suppose a box open on both sides, is to be made of thin cardboard and cut along its height AB. We can spread out into one continuous rectangle as shown in Fig 24.15(ii).

(i)
Fig. 24.15

(ii)

Length of this rectangle = Perimeter of room = 2(length + breadth) = 2(l + b) Breadth of this rectangle = height of room = h
Area of four walls of room = Perimeter Height

= 2(l + b) h. Let us take some examples and illustrate : Example 24.23 : A room, 7 meters long, 4 meters broad and 3 meters high, has two windows 1 1 m 1 m and two doors 2 m 1 1 m. Find the cost of papering the walls with paper 50 2 2 cm wide at Rs 15 per meter. Solution : Area of four walls 2(l + b) h = 2(7 + 4) 3 = 66 sq m Area of two windows = 2 1
1 1 = 3 sq m 2 1 = 6 sq m 2

Area of two doors = 2 2 1

Area of walls to be papered = 66 (3 + 6) = 57 sq m

Length of the paper =

57 = 114 m .5

Cost = Rs 114 15 = Rs 1710.

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Example 24.24 : The length of a room is 6.5 m. The cost of painting the walls at Rs 28 per square meter is Rs 2464, and the cost of carpeting the room at Rs 112 per square meter is Rs 3276. Find the height and width of the room. Solution : Length of the room = 6.5 m Let breadth of the room be b m and height of the room = h m

Area of four walls = 2(6.5 + b).h sq m 2(6.5 + b) h 28 = 2464 (6.5 + b) h = 44 Area of floor = l b = 6.5 b sq m Cost of carpeting = Rs 6.5 b 12 ...(i)

Cost of painting the walls = 2(6.5 + b).h 28 or

6.5 b 112 = 3276 b = 4.5 ...(ii)

or,

From (i), we have (6.5 + 4.5) h = 44 or h=4 m

Hence, the height of room = 4 m and its width = 4.5 m. Example 24.25 : The area of the floor of a room is 77 square meters. The area of the two larger walls together is 88 square meters; and the two shorter walls together is 56 square meters. Find the dimensions of the room. Solution : Let length of room be l, breadth b and height h Then or and or

l b = 77 2(l h) = 88 l h = 44 2 (b h) = 56 b h = 28 l 44 = 11 = b 28 7 l= 11 b 7

...(i) ...(ii) ...(iii)

or Putting in (i) we get

11 2 b = 77 7

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b2 = or

77 7 11

b=7 m l= 11 7 44 = 11 m and h = =4m 7 11

The length of the room is 11m, its breadth is 7 m and its height is 4 m.

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 24.4 1. Find the area of four walls of the room in each of the following cases : (i) l = 8 m, b = 6 m, h = 3m. (ii) l = 20 m, b = 12 m, h = 8 m 2. A room is 6 m long, 5 m wide and 4 m high. The doors and windows in the room occupy a space of 5 square meters. Find the cost of papering the remaining portion of the walls with paper 75 cm wide, at the rate of Rs 1.20 per meter. 3. Find the cost of painting the walls and the ceiling of a room measuring 10 m 6m 3 m at the rate of Rs 1.50 per square meter. 4. A room measures 9 m 7m 3m. It has three doors, each having an area of 3 square meters and 4 windows each measuring 1.25 1 m. Find the cost of papering the remaining portion of the walls at the rate of Rs 1.50 per square meter. 5. The area of two side walls of a room is 5250 sq dm and the area of the two end walls 4550 sq dm, and the area of the floor is 4875 sq dm. Find the dimensions of the room. LET US SUM UP The figures, which occupy space and have more than two dimensions, are called Solid figures. The sum of the areas of the plane figures making up the boundary of a solid object is called its surface area. The amount of space occupied by the solid object is called its Volume. Total surface area of a cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl) Total surface area of a cube = 6a2, where a is its side. Volume of a cuboid = l b h. Volume of a cube = a3. A right circular cylinder is a solid generated by revolution of a rectangle about one of its sides, which remains fixed.

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Volume of a cylinder = r2h. Total surface area of an cylinder open at one end = 2 rh + r2 Total surface area of a cylinder closed at both ends = 2 rh + 2 r2 = 2 r (h + r) A right circular cone is a solid generated by the revolution of a right triangle about one of its sides containing the right angles as axis. Curved surface area of a cone = rl, where l2 = r2 + h2 Total surface area of a solid cone = rl + r2 Volume of a cone =
1 2 r h 3

A sphere is a solid generated by the revolution of a semicircle about its diameter. Surface area of a sphere = 4 r2 Volume of a sphere =
4 3 r 3

Curved surface area of a hemisphere = 2 r2 Total surface area of a solid hemisphere = 3 r2 Volume of a hemi-sphere =
2 3 r 3

Area of four walls of a room = 2(l + b) h. TERMINAL EXERCISE 1. Find the edge of a cube of volume equal to the volume of a cuboid of dimensions 63 cm 56 cm 21 cm. 2. Find the number of 5 cm cubes that can be cut out of a 15 cm cube. 3. Three cubes of metals whose edges are 3, 4 and 5 cm respectively are melted and formed into a single cube. If there is no waste in the process, find the edge of the new cube so formed. 4. A school room is to be built to accommodate 70 children, so as to allow 2.2 sq m of floor area and 11 cu m of space for each child. If the room is to be 14 m long, what must be its breadth and height ? 5. How many bricks 20 cm 10 cm 7.5 cm be carried by a truck whose capacity to carry load is 6 metric tons ? One cubic meter of bricks weighs 2000 kg. [1 metric ton = 1000 kg]

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6. A field is 200 m long and 75 m broad; and a tank 40 meter long, 20 meter broad and 10 meter deep is dug in the field, and the earth taken out of it is spread evenly over the field. How much is the level of field raised ? 7. Four cubes each of sides 5 cm are joined end to end. Find the surface area of the resulting cuboid. 8. The sides of an open box are 0.5 cm thick and bottom is 1 cm thick. If the internal length, breadth and depth are respectively 14 cm, 10 cm ad 8 cm, find the quantity of material used in the construction of the box. 9. Find the whole surface area of a hollow cylinder open at the ends, if its length is 10 cm, the internal diameter is 8 cm and the thickness is 1 cm [Use = 3.14] 10. A cubic cm of gold is drawn into a wire 1/5 mm in diameter; find the length of wire. ( = 3.14) 11. A well with 8.4 meter inside diameter is dug 10 meter deep. Earth taken out of it has been spread all around it to a width of 4 meters to form an embankment. Find the height of the embankment. 12. Find the slant height of a cone whose volume is equal to 12936 cubic meters and the diameter of whose base is 42 meters. 13. The volume of a cone is 616 cubic meters. If the height of cone is 27 meters, find the radius of its base. 14. A conical vessel of internal radius 14 cm and height 36 cm is full of water. If this water is poured into a cylinder with internal radius 21 cm, find the height to which the water rises in the cylinder. 15. Find the diameter of a sphere whose volume is 606.375 cubic meter. 16. A room 12 meters long, 4 meters broad and 3 meters high has two windows 2 m 1 m and a door 2.5 m 2 m. Find the cost of papering the walls with paper 50 cm wide at Rs 20 per meter. 17. A hall, whose length is 15 m and breadth is twice its height, takes 250 meters of paper 2 meters wide for its four walls. Find the area of the floor. 18. The length of a room is 1.5 times its breadth. The cost of carpeting it at Rs 150 per square meter is Rs 14400 and the cost of white washing the four walls at Rs 5 per square meter is Rs 625. Find the dimensions of the room.

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ANSWERS Check Your Progress 24.1 1. (i) 2(lb + bh + hl) (iv) lbh 2. (i) 45 cu cm, 81 sq cm (iii) 30 cu m, 101 sq m 3. (i) 150 sq cm, 125 cu cm (iii) 15.36 sq m, 40.96 cu m 4. (i) 15 cm 5. 43056 cm3 7. 7500 cu m, 2868 cu m Check Your Progress 24.2 1. (i) r2h (iv) 2 rh 2. (i) 1848 c cm, 836 sq cm (ii) 1100 cu cm, 848.57 sq cm (iii) 110 cu cm, 201.14 sq cm 3. 1.65 cu m 6. 48000 cu cm 9. 1320 sq m Check Your Progress 24.3 1. (i) rl (iv) 4 r2 (ii) rl + r2 (v)
4 3 r 3

(ii) 2(bh + hl) + lb (v) x3

(iii) 6x2 (vi)

l2 + b2 + h2

(ii) 750 cu cm, 550 sq cm (iv) 11.25 cu m, 31.5 sq m (ii) 77.76 sq cm, 46.65 cu cm (iii) 2.5 cm 9. 896 sq cm.

(ii) 1.3 cm 6. 384 8. 117 sq m

(ii) 2 r(r + h)

(iii) 2 rh + r2

4. 1386 cu cm 7. 3.68 m 10. 433.54 sq cn,

5. 880 sq m 8. 63 : 16, 21 : 8

(iii) (v)

1 2 r h 3 2 3 r 3

(v) 3 r2 2. (i) 12936 cm3, 2310 cm2, 3696 cm2 (ii) 2464 cm3, 811.3 cm2, 1427.3 cm2, (iii) 154 m3, 134.5 m2, 176 m2 3. 68 m (approx) 6. 50 9. 64 4. 1848 cm3 7. 35 cm, 2310 cm2 10. 12 cm. 5. 16.2 cm 8. 38.8 cm3, 55.44 cm2

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Check Your Progress 24.4 1. 84 m2, 512 m2 4. Rs 123 Terminal Exercise 1. 42 cm 4. 11 m, 5 m 7. 450 cm2 10. 31.84 m 13.
14 m 3

2. Rs 132.80

3. Rs 234

5. 75 dm, 65 dm, 35 dm.

2. 27 5. 2000 8. 365 cm3 11. 3.55 m 14.

16 m 3

3. 6 cm 6. 1.9 m 9. 2574.8 cm2 12. 35 m 15. 42 cm 18. 12m, 8 m, 3.125 m.

16. Rs 3480

17. 300 sq m

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