Plane Geometry

Engr. Marvin Y. Villorente

Theorems on circles
 Central angle and inscribed angle
- The central angle of a circle is the
angle subtended by an arc AB from the center
of the circle. The inscribed angle is the angle
subtended from the circumference of a circle.

Central angle = twice of inscribed angle

α=2Θ
Intersecting chords
-If two chords of a circle AB and CD
intersect at point E, the product of the line
segments through point E are the same.

AE x BE = CE x DE
Also,
Intersecting Secants

OA x OB = OC x OD
Intersecting Tangent and Secant
1. In the figure shown OA and OB are tangent
to the circle. If ∠AOB is 50°, find the ∠APB.

a. 45 °
b. 50 °
c. 60 °
d. 65 °
 2. In the figure shown, MAN is a tangent to the
circle of center O. If ∠BAN = 70° find θ.

a. 220°
b. 210°
c. 140°
d. 250°
Triangle

 Given base b and altitude h.

A= ½ bh
 Given two sides a and b and included angle

α.
A = ½ ab sin α
 Given three sides a, b, c:
 Given three angles A, B and C and one side a:
Rectangle

 Area, A = ab
 Perimeter, P = 2(a+b)

 Diagonal, c =
Square

 Area, A =
 Perimeter, P = 4a
 Diagonal, c = a
General Quadrilateral

 Given diagonals d1 and d2 and included

angle α.
A=d1 x d2 sin α
 Given four sides a, b, c and d and sum of two

opposites angles:
 3. The sides of the triangle ABC are AB=25cm,
BC=39cm, AC= 40cm. Find its area.

a. 486 sq.cm
b. 846 sq. cm
c. 648 sq. cm
d. 468 sq.cm
 4. The sides of the right triangle are 8, 15, 17
units. If each side is doubled, how many sq.
units will be the area of the new triangle?

a. 240
b. 300
c. 320
d. 420
 5. Two triangles have equal bases. The altitude
of one triangle is 3 units more than its base
and the altitude of the other is 3 units less its
base. Find the altitude, if the areas of the
triangle differ by 21 sq. units.

a. 5 & 11
b. 4 & 10
c. 6 & 12
d. 3 & 9
 6. A piece of wire of length 52 cm is cut into
two parts. Each part is then bent to form a
square. It is found that total area of the two
squares is 97 sq.cm. The dimension of the
bigger square is.

a. 4 cm
b. 9 cm
c. 3 cm
d. 6 cm
 7. If the sides of the parallelogram and an
included angle are 6, 10 and 100 deg.
Respectively. Find the length of the shorter
diagonal.

a. 10.63
b. 10.37
c. 10.73
d. 10.23
 8. The sides of the quadrilateral are 10m, 8m,
16m and 20m respectively. Two opposite
interior angles have a sum of 225 deg. Find
the area of quadrilateral.

a. 140.33 sq.m
b. 145.33 sq.m
c. 150.33 sq.m
d. 155.33 sq.m
 Rhombus
A= ½ d1 x d2
 Trapezoid

 Cyclic Quadrilateral
- Is a quadrilateral whose vertices lie on the
circumference of the circle.
 9. The diagonals of a rhombus are 10 cm and 8
cm respectively. Its area is.

a. 10 sq.cm
b. 50 sq.cm
c. 60 sq.cm
d. 40 sq.cm
10. Given a cyclic quadrilateral whose sides are
4, 5, 8, 11 cm. Its area is.

a. 40.25 sq.cm
b. 48.65 sq.cm
c. 50.25 sq.cm
d. 60.25 sq.cm
 11. A trapezoid has an area of 36 sq.m and
altitude of 2m. Its two bases in meters have a
ratio of 4:5, the bases are.

a. 12m,15m
b. 7m, 11m
c. 16m, 20m
d. 8m, 10m
 12. Determine the area of the quadrilateral
ABCD shown, if OB=80 cm, OA= 120cm,
OD= 150cm and θ = 25°.

a. 2272 sq.cm
b. 7222 sq.cm
c. 2572 sq.cm
d. 2722 sq.cm
 13. The sides of the cyclic quadrilateral
measures 8cm, 9cm, 12cm and 7cm. Find the
area of the circumscribing circle.

a. 8.56 sq.cm
b. 186.23 sq.cm
c. 6.54 sq.cm
d. 134.37 sq.cm
Ptolemy’s Theorem
 For any cyclic quadrilateral, the product of
the diagonals is equal to the sum of product
of their opposite sides.

d1 x d2 = ac x bd
Polygons
-is a plane figure with three or more angles

They are classified in their number of sides.

3 sides = triangle
4 sides = quadrangle or quadrilateral or tetragon
5 sides = pentagon
6 sides = hexagon
7 sides = heptagon or septagon
8 sides = octagon
9 sides = nonagon
10 sides = decagon
11 sides = undecagon
12 sides = dodecagon
15 sides = quindecagon
16 sides = hexadecagon
Sum of interior angles
S = (n-2)(180)

Sum of exterior angle

S = 360 deg

Number of Diagonals
D = n/2 (n-3)
Radius of a Circle
 Circle circumscribed about a
Triangle(circumcircle)

 Circle Inscribed in a Triangle (Incircle)

 14. The deflection angle of any polygon has a
sum of.

a. 360°
b. 720°
c. 270°
d. 720°
 15. The sum of the interior angle of the
dodecagon is.

a. 2160°
b. 1980°
c. 1800°
d. 2520°
 16. The interior angle of a regular polygon is
165°. How many sides?

a. 23
b. 24
c. 25
d. 26
 17. A polygon has 170 diagonals. How many
sides does it have?

a. 20
b. 18
c. 80
d. 90
 18. A regular hexagon with an area of 93.53
sq.cm is inscribed in a circle. The area in the
circle not covered by the polygon is.

a. 18.38 sq.cm
b. 16.72 sq.cm
c. 19.57 sq.cm
d. 15.68 sq.cm
 19. The area of a regular hexagon inscribed in
a circle of radius 1 is.

a. 2.698 sq.u.
b. 2.598 sq.u.
c. 3.698 sq.u.
d. 3.598 sq.u.
 20. A dog is tied to a corner of a 30 ft by 35 ft
building. If a rope is 40 ft long and the dog
can reach 1 ft farther than the rope length,
what is the maximum area the dog can cover?

a. 5281 sq.ft
b. 4084 sq.ft
c. 3961 sq.ft
d. 3970 sq.ft