FIELD DEVELOPMENT PLAN (FDP)

PETREL BASIC TRAINING

Presenter: Berihun Mamo Negash

Office: L-1-24
Slides Overview
i. Executive Summary

ii. Scope of Study

iii. Field Development Project Flow Process

iv Gulfaks Field

v Overview of Petrel manual for Static Modeling

vi. Build static modeling: Petrel manual

vii. Gulfaks FDP Dataset

Executive Summary
The purpose of this session is not to provide solution to
the problem of volume calculation but to demonstrate
some of the functionalities of PETREL.

Petrel is a software package that allows a user to build a

reservoir model with properties to export to a simulator.
 Menu Bar

Tool Bar
Function
Bar

Petrel
Explorer
Panes

Display
Window

Status Bar Object Information

Field Development Project-------FDP
The flow of project includes all of these study area:
PHASE 1
FIELD DATA
UNDERSTANDING DESCRIPTION / RESERVOIR
FDP G&G AND ENGINEERING
PETROPHYSIC
PHASE 2

FACILITIES /
PRODUCTION DRILLING
MAINTENANCE /
TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING
HSE

PHASE 3

ECONOMICS ABANDONMENT
FDP Manual Data Set Description Gulfaks Field
A major oilfield in the North Sea;
exploration started in 1974, and it is
now producing through 3 platforms

Commercially released data by

Statoil (a Norwegian oil company)

Field description:
Rotated fault blocks caused a structural trap
Reservoir is mainly Lower to Middle Jurassic sandstones
1.9 billion barrels of recoverable oil
23 billion m3 of gas
2.4 million tons of condensate

Data description:
Wells, Well logs, Well tops
Field Development Project Flow Process
Build a geological static model
Static Modeling Petrel Manual

Gulfaks Field Dataset

Overview of Petrel manual for static modeling
Bitmap surfaces include:
Base Cretaceous
Create surfaces from
top surface bitmap Top Tarbert
Top Ness
Top Etive
Make simple grid Insert surfaces to make a simple grid model
Import well tops
Zoning & Layering
Define zone between surfaces
Geometrical modeling
Property modeling Scale-up well logs
Petrophysical modeling
Make contacts Gas-oil contact & Oil-water contact
Volume calculation Calculate STOIIP
Uncertainty and Uncertainty and optimization on STOIIP, contacts
optimisation
 Simulate below experiments in PVTi to fit the Equation of State.
Constant Compaction Expansion
Make fluid model Differential Liberation
Separators Experiment
Swelling Tests

\ Insert Rock Physics functions from provided report into Saturation

Make Rock Physics functions spreadsheet
functions
Create the rock compaction using presets.

Initialization Initializing the model.

Import observed data Import observed data of well build up and drawdown test

Make well completions Make completions in the exploration wells in Petrel.

History match Development strategy to run history match.

 1. Create surface from bitmap image

Steps to make surface from bitmap image

Exaggeratio
Import bitmap Setting the Make Adjust Smoothen Adjust
n surface in
image into Petrel coordinate surface color scale surface elevation
Z-direction
2. Make simple grid
Use surfaces as input for the
processes. No faults are taken into
account while gridding through the
use of Make simple grid process.
3. Make Zones
Add isochores, constant etc. to the framework to create
additional horizons above, below and between the original
horizons.

Use min. cell thickness

to collapse all thin cells
less than the given length
(project units) to zero
thickness.
4. Make Layering
Defines the cells of the 3D
grid. The layers are part of
the zone but have no direct
filter like Zones.
Layering Results:
Type of zone division

Follow base

Proportional

Follow top

Fractions

Follow top + using

a depositional
surface
5. Scale-up well logs
The Scale-up well logs process averages the values to the cells
in the 3D grid that are penetrated by the wells. Each cell gets one
value per upscaled log. These cells are later used as a starting
point for Property modeling.

Cells exist along the well

path.

Values assigned to cells

based on well log values
along the well path.

Upscaled logs used to fill in the 3D

grid.
6. Property Modeling

Geometrical Modeling

Generate properties
using predefines system
variables.
Eg: Cell volume, Bulk
volume
Petrophysical Modeling

Interpolation or simulation of
continuous data (e.g., porosity or
permeability) throughout the
model grid

Two methods: Stochastic method

and Deterministic method

E.g.: Model image above is modeled

using Sequential Gaussian simulation
7. Make Contacts
The Make contacts process
facilitates the use of contacts inside
a 3D grid. These contacts can be
visualized and used for making a
contact property.
8. Volume Calculation
The Volume calculation process accurately calculates the various volumes
(bulk, pore, and fluid) in a 3D grid.
Volumetric - Cases and Results
Cases Pane
Running a volume calculation creates a case, which will
have a volume case icon in the Cases pane.
Results Pane
Acts as a filter for outputs of the Volume Calculation.
Standard parameters are calculated for all volume
calculations if the appropriate input is supplied.
9. Uncertainty and Optimization

Uncertainty analysis to display of P10,

P50 & P90
10. Make fluid model
Fluid study PVT report which
contains details Constant
Composition Expansion,
Differential Liberation,
Separators and Swelling Test
(CO2 & N2) experiments.

All experiments are simulated in PVTi

before imported into Petrel.

Enter required properties on the Gas,

Oil, and Water tabs.

Specify an initial condition.

11. Make rock physics functions
Insert the Rock physics functions
from the provided SCAL Report into
Petrel via spreadsheet.

Rock compaction function created by

using the presets.

View in the function window.

Capillary pressure curves Relative permeability Rock compaction

12. Initialization
The model can be initialized
after we have all these
complete data:

All grid cells have an initial value of:

Functions:
Saturation
Relative permeability
Pressure
Fluid model
Permeability
Rock compaction.
Porosity.
13. Import Observed Data
Import Well Build-up and
Drawdown History Data
14. Make completions

Insert completion items:

Casing
Tubing
Perforation
Packer
15. Run history match

Use Preset: History Strategy

Two rules are added:

Reporting frequency
History rate control.
 View results of
history matching
Gulfaks Field dataset
1. Top surface bitmap
2. Contour map
3. Well logs
4. RFT Contacts
5. PVT Fluid studies
6. SCAL Report
1. Top surface bitmap
4 Surfaces:
Base Cretaceous
Top Tarbert
Top Ness
Top Etive
2. Contour map
Used for:
Planimetering calculate
area
OWC and GOC

On the contour map, we can

find the wells name and
location, faults and scale bar
for contour depth.
3. Well logs Gamma Ray

Exploration wells
Well 34/10-A-19
Well 34/10-A-20

Logs:
Gamma ray logs
Radioactive logs
Detects shale and
clean formations
NPHI / Density

NPHI / Density logs

NPHI
Measure the value of
hydrogen ion
Indicate porosity

Density
Measure the formation
density

These both logs can be used

to infer the lithology in the
formation.
Well logs
More well logs: Gamma / Facies
A10
A15
A16
Well logs
More well logs: Perm / Gamma / Porosity
A10
A15
A16
 4. MDT Formation Pressure
Taken from well B9
Depth (ft) TVD (ft) Formation Pressure (psia)

5708.66 5708.66 2439.204 6076.12 6076.12 2443.478

5731.63 5731.63 2439.204 6099.08 6099.08 2444.056
5754.59 5754.59 2439.204 6122.05 6122.05 2444.43
5777.56 5777.56 2439.204 6145.01 6145.01 2444.849
5800.53 5800.53 2439.207 6167.98 6167.98 2445.323
5823.49 5823.49 2439.258 6190.95 6190.95 2445.752
5846.46 5846.46 2439.818 6213.91 6213.91 2445.952
5869.42 5869.42 2439.913 6236.88 6236.88 2446.653
5892.39 5892.39 2440.342 6259.84 6259.84 2446.854
5915.35 5915.35 2440.604 6282.81 6282.81 2447.358
5938.32 5938.32 2441.222 6305.77 6305.77 2447.842
5961.29 5961.29 2441.782 6328.74 6328.74 2448.05
5984.25 5984.25 2442.044 6351.71 6351.71 2448.439
6007.22 6007.22 2442.531 6374.67 6374.67 2448.989
6030.18 6030.18 2442.633 6397.64 6397.64 2449.482
6053.15 6053.15 2442.928
5. PVT fluid studies Components Names ZI (Percent)
CO2 0.91
PVTi N2 0.16
Input the fluid
C1 36.47
composition,
experiments and C2 9.67

observations C3 6.95
characterize the fluid IC4 1.44
and match the NC4 3.93
observations.
IC5 1.44
*manual may be referred in NC5 1.41
PVTi tutorial
C6 4.33
C7+ 33.29

Reservoir oil composition

C7+ Properties
MW = 218
Specific Gravity = 0.8515

Instructors view
Seven component description is suggested
strongly
Since N2 and CO2 may be injected: they must
be pure components in the characterization.
Initial splitting of the C7+ is suggested
Grouping of components is the key.
Bubble point pressure:
Oil sample was taken just below the GOC
Reservoir Temperature = 220 degF
Bubble point pressure of this sample was 2516.7 Psia
Liquid density at bubble point pressure was 45.11 lb/ft3
Constant Composition Expansion, CCE Experiment
Pressure (psig) Relative Pressure Relative
Volume (psig) Volume
5000 0.9453 2516 1.0001
4500 0.9541 2401 1.0243
4000 0.9638 2253 1.0599
3500 0.9746 2090 1.1066
3000 0.9867 1897 1.175
2900 0.9893 1698 1.2655
2800 0.992 1477 1.4006
2700 0.9948 1292 1.5557
2620 0.997 1040 1.8696
2605 0.9974 830 2.2956
2591 0.9978 640 2.9457
472 3.9877
Differential Liberation Experiment
Pressure Vapor Z- Liquid Gas-Oil Oil Relative Gas Gravity Gas FVF
(psig) Factor Density Ratio Volume (rb/Mscf)
(lb/ft3) (Mscf/stb) (rb/stb)
2516.7 45.11 1.1342 1.7493 0
2350 0.8686 45.669 1.0526 1.7095 0.7553 1.2574
2100 0.8692 46.502 0.9378 1.6535 0.7547 1.407
1850 0.8719 47.331 0.8309 1.6013 0.7565 1.6006
1600 0.8767 48.16 0.7307 1.5523 0.7614 1.8586
1350 0.8836 48.992 0.6361 1.5057 0.7704 2.2164
1100 0.8926 49.835 0.546 1.4609 0.7859 2.7411
850 0.9036 50.699 0.4591 1.4171 0.8121 3.5773
600 0.9167 51.608 0.3732 1.3726 0.8597 5.105
350 0.9324 52.632 0.2824 1.3234 0.9618 8.7518
159 0.9481 53.673 0.196 1.272 1.1726 18.685
0 56.323 0 1.1228 1.8901 0
 Separators Experiment
Separator Stage Separator Separator GOR Liquid Density
Number Temperature Pressure (Psia) (Mscf/bbl) (lb/ft3)
(DegF)
1 60 14.7 62.821 1.0313

1 120 35.3 60.01 1.032

2 60 14.7 62.8 0.0151
Swelling Test (CO2)
Mole Fraction Saturation Swell Factor
Gas Added Pressure (psig) (Relative Volume)

0 2519 1
5 2607 1.024
10 2705 1.0504
20 2913 1.1136
30 3159 1.1949
40 3285 1.3031

Swelling Test (N2)

Mole Saturation Swell Factor
Fraction Gas Pressure (psig) (Relative
Added Volume)
0 2521 1
5 3216.6 1.0117
10 4019 1.0242
20 5784 1.0528
30 8057 1.0879
Performing regression
Formation
in PVTi to match
volume
observed point
factor

Oil density
6. SCAL Report
Report consists of 1. Capillary Pressure test
2. Real Permeability test