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MATLAB SIMULATION OF FS-1015 LPC-10e COPYRIGHT (C) 1996-99 ANDREAS SPANIAS and TED PAINTER This Copyright applies only to this particular MATLAB implementation of the LPC-10e coder. The MATLAB software is intended only for educational purposes. No other use is intended or authorized. This is not a public domain program and unauthorized distribution to individuals or networks is prohibited. Be aware that use of the standard in any form is goverened by rules of the US DoD. This program is free software. It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. There is no commitment or even implied commitment on behalf of Andreas Spanias or Ted Painter for maintenance or support of this code. MATLAB is trademark of The Mathworks Inc ALL DERIVATIVE WORKS MUST INCLUDE THIS COPYRIGHT NOTICE. ****************************************************************** ENCODE PORTED TO MATLAB FROM LPC-55 C RELEASE 3-28-94 ****************************************************************** DESCRIPTION Encode and quantize LPC parameters for transmission in standard LPC bit format. DESIGN NOTES First convert input real RMS and RC values to integers. Pitch is encoded by the following rules: For a fully voiced frame (v1=v2=1), ipitch is obtained by table lookup from table entau, using pitch as the index. If a frame is fully unvoiced then ipitch is set to 0. If the frame is a voicing transition frame and we are error correcting ipitch is set to 127. If the frame is a transition and we are not error correcting then ipitch is set to 1 for a transition to voiced and 2 for a transition to unvoiced. Second, encode RMS by a binary table search of the rmst table. Third, encode RC1 and RC2 as log-area-ratios by table lookup into entab6. Fourth, linearly encode RC3 through RC10. Finally, apply error protection during unvoiced frames to the most significant bits of the most important parameters. See Also: Version 52 release notes VARIABLES INPUTS voice pitch Half frame voicing decisions (2) Pitch index

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rms rc OUTPUTS ipitch irms irc INTERNAL j idel i2 mrk p q qi TABLES enctab entau rmst enadd enscl entab6 enbits

RMS energy Reflection coefficients Quantized pitch index Quantized energy Quantized reflection coefficients (10) RMS binary search place holder RMS binary search step size Integer temporary value Sign vector Parity encoding lookup index Intermediate values for lookup computation, parity bits Index vector for lookup computation, parity bits Error protection lookup table for RC parity bits Pitch lookup table RMS energy lookup table RC3-RC10 linear encoding offset lookup table RC3-RC10 linear encoding scaling lookup table RC1-RC2 log-area-ratio lookup table Bit allocation table for RC encoding

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function [ ipitch, irms, irc ] = encode( voice, pitch, rms, rc ) % DECLARE GLOBAL TABLES global entau rmst entab6 enadd enbits enscl enctab; % SCALE RMS AND RCS TO INTEGERS irms = fix( rms ); irc = fix( rc .* 32768 ); % ENCODE PITCH AND VOICING if all( voice ) ipitch = entau( pitch ); else ipitch = 0; if voice(1) ~= voice(2) ipitch = 127; end end % ENCODE RMS BY BINARY TABLE SEARCH j = 32; idel = 16; irms = min( [irms,1023] ); while idel > 0 if irms > rmst(j) j = j - idel; end if irms < rmst(j) j = j + idel; end idel = fix( idel * 0.5 ); end

if irms > rmst(j) j = j - 1; end irms = fix( 31 - (j*0.5) ); % ENCODE RC1 AND RC2 AS LOG-AREA-RATIOS i2 = irc(1:2); mrk = sign((2.*sign(i2))+1); i2 = abs( fix( i2 ./ 512 ) ); i2 = min([ i2'; 63,63 ])'; i2 = entab6(i2+1); irc(1:2) = i2 .* mrk; % ENCODE RC3, RC4, ..., RC10 LINEARLY, REMOVE BIAS, THEN SCALE i2 = fix( irc(3:10) ./ 2 ); i2 = ( i2+enadd(8:-1:1) ) .* enscl(8:-1:1); i2 = max([i2';-127+zeros(1,8)]); i2 = min([i2;127+zeros(1,8)])'; mrk = i2 < 0; i2 = fix( i2 ./ ( 2 .^ enbits(8:-1:1) ) ); i2 = i2 - mrk; irc(3:10) = i2; % PROTECT THE MOST SIGNIFICANT BITS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PARAMETERS % DURING NON-VOICED FRAMES. RC1 THROUGH RC4 ARE PROTECTED USING % 20 PARITY BITS, REPLACING RC5 - RC10. if (ipitch==0) | (ipitch==127) q = [irc(1:3);irms;irc(4);irc(4)]; % CORRECT FOR 2S COMPLEMENT (IN C VERSION) ENCODING OF NEGATIVE VALS qi = find(q<0); q(qi) = q(qi) + 32; p = fix( (q-rem(q,2)) / 2 ) + 1; irc(5:10) = enctab(p); irc(9) = fix( irc(9) / 2 ); irc(10) = rem( irc(10), 2 ); end