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The movement of substances across the plasma membrane. The substances move against the concentration gradient. Requires cells to use their own energy. Performed by the specific transport proteins embedded in the plasma membrane.

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Extracellular fluid Plasma membrane Cytoplasm

High concentration of Na+

Low concentration of Na+

Na+ ions in the cytoplasm of a cell bind to a carrier protein. The carrier protein takes up 3 Na+ ions at one time.
Pearson Malaysia Sdn Bhd

Extracellular fluid Plasma membrane Cytoplasm

An ATP molecule splits and releases a phosphate (P) and energy.

Pearson Malaysia Sdn Bhd

Extracellular fluid Plasma membrane Cytoplasm

The energy is used to change the shape of the carrier protein. This causes the carrier protein to release the Na+ ions outside the cell.

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