Challenging Glas, Conference n Architectural an Stu Appliations of Gass Bos, outer, Ver (Organizing Commits) ‘wun BC det alsin Long span glass fin design John Keoymans Halerow Yolles, Toronto Canada, john.kooymans(@halerowyolles.com Dr. Jens Schneider, Dr. Holger Techen University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, jschneider(f,fh-frankfurt.de techem@fbl fi-frankfurtde ‘Suu gs fis have been wilzed in eeting aneparet wal sytem all ‘over the world. High i walls Have alays boas ellen dae olntations a ‘has sis for bth tmpoed glass an iat hss. This pope il ok a2 Sngue concept lo create tetra pas fis fora 18 oer ih ass wal whe limiting he wadional scl pie pa a the ls jas ‘The syste i snple in poeipa, Muses snple sae, catleveedcoonectons the bas atl op ofthe i, ad simple spa constuction in the ene pron of the fia The challenges ar cesta by the sear magatad of the elements aa turing the final despa secon to bald ‘Through computer mods an pial esting, his plas fn desig allows fr shallower fn depth ha fo conventional in eign enxiestanepreney fa alevits the ruement for uns stl connection plates a he splice ibeaiogs “The sniel aus to be addesed ate concabliy, safety” and Stability, wih he salty ue beg adresse bythe use of redundant srs of fas. This syst can ako be used for gs beam ot fis desans of varying Tents and cantlever proprio, 1. Introduction (Over the years, designers have continued to push the boundaries of structural glass design. The desire to ereate systems that are more ransparent, less dependant on other ‘materials, and more cost effective have provided the fuel Tor consulting firms to ‘become involved in these special structures and utilize their expertise and creativity to ‘offer new solutions. The structural glass fin is no exception. A simple concept that has ‘been utilized for decades, the desire to make them longer and more slender has ereated ‘anced for this Research & Development project. 2. The Concept ‘The glass fin design detailed in this paper is 18 meters tall and S00 mm deep. The design is based on a total wind load of 2.10 kNim pressure. The spun-to-depth ratio of the fin is 36. A very slender design with no lateral stabilizing elements other than the lass fagade perpendicular tothe fin assembly. ‘The system ulilized for this design allows for minimal exposed connection material, and assists in stabilizing the fin structure at the same time. As shown in Figure 1, the span is ereated by fixed end cantilever portions at each end of the span, and a simple span element in the center. The objective is to ercate a stable cantilevered section so that the intermediate span can be simply supported and independent of the overallcharacteristics of the span, thus allowing for minimal connection materials and a reduced fin depth, In this paper, the center span of the fin assembly is hung from the upper fin The lower fin assembly is gravity bearing at the base within the clamping device. A vertical sliding connection is introduced between the lower fin assembly and the middle fin assembly to allow the system to absorb vertical deflections imposed by the supporting structure, we Figure L Original Concept Skoteh3. Analysis ‘The overall assembly was frst sized based on standard hand calculations in accordance With the Australian Standard AS 1288-1994, Glass in Buildings. Stress levels were checked using simple statics prior to computer modeling in an effort to establish a realistic stating point. An overall computer model for an individual fin was modeled using the Finite Element program RFEM with platehell elements (see Figure 2) 10 review the buckling behaviour, stress levels, and deflections. nieces state te Figure 2; Overall View of FE Mod Fige 3 Fin Support Dati ‘The fin support detail at the base and top ofthe fin is detailed to be recessed within the floor and ceiling finish of structure. The amount of exposed steel at these locations Would be determined by the design team. Figure 3 shows the concept for the clamping device to be used, ‘The stability of the glass Fin was verified using a linear second order theory analysis (cluding P-Delta affects). To account for imperfections in the erection of the glass, a Tine load of 0.3 kNim was applied perpendicular to the inside edge of the glass fin ‘This value was chosen in order 10 simulate an out of plane imperfection due to ‘construction and manufacturing tolerances, In this model, the upper and lower glass fin assemblies are comprised of 4 ~ 15 mm. tempered lites with PVB interlayers. The intermediate glass fin assembly is comprised ‘of 3 — Smm tempered lites. The out-of-plane stiffness of the fin was reduced ‘conservatively by 50% to allow forthe composite effect of the PVB interlayer with the lass ‘The deflection resulting from the direct wind load was in the range of 23 mm, When the imperfection load was added tothe system, the deflection increased to 33 mm with some rotational characteristis, This is well within the deflection limitations over an 18