Batchelors Sylabus

AnnexureI
SchemeofExaminationforeightsemestersofB.Pharm.Course Name and number of heads of passing, number of papers, duration of examinations, maximum marks, and minimum marks for passing, periodic tests duration, maximum marks.
FirstYearB.Pharm.(SemesterI)
THEORY Duration Hours Duration (Hours) Min.for Passing SemesterExam. PeriodicTest Total Min. Max. marksfor Passing Maxi. Marks Max. Marks
Subject
1 Anat.,Physio.&Patho. I 1 2 40 16 1 10 50 2 GeneralChemistry I 1 2 40 16 1 10 50 3 OrganicChemistryI 1 2 40 16 1 10 50 4 PhysicalPharmacyI 1 2 40 16 1 10 50 5 PharmaceuticsI 1 2 40 16 1 10 50 6 Pharm.EngineeringI 1 2 40 16 1 10 50 PRACTICALS 7 OrganicChemistry ILab. 1 4 40 16 4 10 50 8 PhysicalPharmacy ILab. 1 4 40 16 4 10 50 9 Anat.,Physi.&Path.ILab. 1 4 40 16 4 10 50 *1hourtutorialeitherbeforeorafterthepractical:Howeverexamwillbefor04hours. TotalMarksfortheSemester 450 Minimummarksforpassingthesemester 225
No.Of Papers
Entry
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
FirstYearB.Pharm.(SemesterII)
THEORY Duration Hours Min.for Passing Duration (Hours) 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 SemesterExam. PeriodicTest Total Min. Max. marksfor Passing Maxi. Marks Max. Marks
Subject
1 OrganicChemistryII 1 2 PharmaceuticalAnalysisI 1 3 PhysicalPharmacyII 1 4 PharmaceuticsII 1 5 Microbiology 1 6 Anat.,Physio.&Patho.II 1 PRACTICALS 7 PharmaceuticalAnalysisILab. 1 8 PharmaceuticsILab. 1 9 PhysicalPharmacyIILab. 1 10 MicrobiologyLab. 1 TotalMarksfortheSemester Minimummarksforpassingthesemester
No.Of Papers
Entry
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4
40 40 40 40 40 40
16 16 16 16 16 16
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
40 16 40 16 40 16 40 16 500 250
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SecondYearB.Pharm.(SemesterIII)
Subject
1 OrganicChemistry III 1 2 PharmaceuticalAnalysis II 1 3 Biochemistry I 1 4 Pharmaceutics III 1 5 PharmaceuticalEngineering II 1 6 Mathematics I 1 7 Anat.,Physio.&Patho. III 1 PRACTICALS 8 PharmaceuticalAnalysisIILab. 1 9 PharmaceuticsIILab. 1 10 ComputerLab. 1 TotalMarksfortheSemester Minimummarksforpassingthesemester
No.Of Papers
Entry
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
40 40 40 40 40 40 40
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
40 16 40 16 40 16 500 250
SecondYearB.Pharm.(SemesterIV)
Subject
1 Pharmacology I 1 2 OrganicChemistryIV 1 3 BiochemistryII 1 4 DispensingPharmacy 1 5 MathematicsII 1 6 Psychology&Sociology 1 7 Anat.,Physio.&Patho.IV 1 PRACTICALS 8 OrganicChemistryIILab. 1 9 DispensingLab. 1 10 BiochemistryILab. 1 TotalMarksfortheSemester Minimummarksforpassingthesemester
No.Of Papers
Entry
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
40 40 40 40 40 40 40
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
40 16 40 16 40 16 500 250
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ThirdYearB.Pharm.(SemesterV)
THEORY Duration Hours Min.for Passing Duration (Hours) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 SemesterExam. PeriodicTest Total Min. Max. marksfor Passing Maxi. Marks Max. Marks
Subject
1 Pharm.Med.Chem.I 1 2 Biochemistry III 1 3 Pharmacognosy I 1 4 Pharmaceutics IV 1 5 Hosp.Pharm.&DSM 1 6 Pharm.Biotechnology 1 7 Pharmacology II 1 PRACTICALS 8 Pharm.Chem.ILab. 1 9 PharmaceuticsIIILab. 1 10 BiochemistryIILab. 1 11 Pharm.Biotech.Lab. 1 TotalMarksfortheSemester Minimummarksforpassingthesemester
No.Of Papers
Entry
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4
40 40 40 40 40 40 40
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
40 16 40 16 40 16 40 16 550 275
ThirdYearB.Pharm.(SemesterVI)
Subject
1 Pharm.Med.Chem.II 1 2 Pharm.Analysis III 1 3 Pharmacognosy II 1 4 Pharmaceutics V 1 5 Cosmeticology 1 6 PharmaceuticalManagement 1 7 Pharmacology III 1 PRACTICALS 8 PharmacologyILab. 1 9 PharmacognosyILab. 1 10 CosmeticologyLab. 1 TotalMarksfortheSemester Minimummarksforpassingthesemester
No.Of Papers
Entry
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
40 40 40 40 40 40 40
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
40 16 40 16 40 16 500 250
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Final/FourthYearB.Pharm.(SemesterVII)
Subject
1 PharmacologyIV 1 2 Pharm.Med.Chem.III 1 3 Pharm.AnalysisIV 1 4 PharmacognosyIII 1 5 PharmaceuticsVI 1 6 Biopharm.&Pharmacokinetics 1 PRACTICALS 7 PharmacologyIILab. 1 8 Pharm.Chem.IILab. 1 9 PharmacognosyIILab. 1 10 PharmaceuticsIVLab. 1 TotalMarksfortheSemester Minimummarksforpassingthesemester
No.Of Papers
Entry
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4
40 40 40 40 40 40
16 16 16 16 16 16
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
40 16 40 16 40 16 40 16 500 250
Final/FourthYearB.Pharm.(SemesterVIII)
Subject
ClinicalPharm.&Drug 1 Interaction 2 Pharm.Med.Chem.IV 1 3 Pharm.AnalysisV 1 4 PharmacognosyIV 1 5 PharmaceuticsVII 1 6 NovelDrugDeliverySystems 1 7 ForensicPharm.&Juris. 1 PRACTICALS 8 PharmaceuticsVLab. 1 9 PharamacognosyIIILab. 1 10 Pharm.AnalysisIIILab. 1 TotalMarksfortheSemester Minimummarksforpassingthesemester
No.Of Papers
Entry
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4
40 40 40 40 40 40 40
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
40 16 40 16 40 16 500 250
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SYLLABUSCOPYFORFIRSTYEARB.PHARM
SEMESTERI GENERALCHEMISTRY S.No. 1. Topic KineticsandReactionMechanism.Kineticandthermodynamic productcontrol,principleofmicroscopicreversibility,isotopeeffecton kineticeffectofreactionmediumontherateofthereaction Transitionstatetheory.Generaltheoryofthetransactionstate,the reactioncoordinate,ratedeterminingtransitionstate,Curtinprinciple. AcidBaseCatalysis.Generalmechanismsofacidandbase catalyzedreactions,ratesofacidandbasecatalyzedreactions, Bronstedcatalysiscorrelationofreactionrateswithacidityfunctions. ChargeTransfercomplexesandreactions.DefinitionofComplex, Chargetransfertransition,donorsandacceptors,groundstate chargetransfercontribution. CoordinationChemistry,Nomenclature,Theoriesofbondinginco ordinatecomplexes,Stabilityofcomplexesandchelation. Briefintroductiontotheinorganicmedicinalcompounds: antacid(Magnesiumtrisilicateandaluminiumhydroxide), antimicrobial(hydrogenperoxideandpovidoneiodine), astringent(Zincoxide)andPharmaceuticalaid(taleandbarium sulphate) 3hrs/week Hours 5
2.
3.
4.
6.
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. IsrieV.AnslynandDennisA.Dougherty,ModernPhysicalOrganicChemistry,John Wiley,2006 nd NeilIsaacs,PhysicalOrganicChemistry,2 Edition,PearsonEducation1995 nd Louis P. Hanunett, Physical Organic Chemistry, Megraw Hill Education, 2 Rev Edition,1970 EdwardM.Kosower,AnIntroductiontoPhysicalOrganicChemistry,JohnWileyand Sons,Inc,1968 rd J.D Lee, A New Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 3 edition Van Nostrand Reinhold CompanyLtd. JohnH.andEdwardB.,InorganicMedicinalandPharmaceuticalChemistryVarghese PublishingHouse,1986.
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ORGANICCHEMISTRYI S.No. Topic StructureandPropertiesofOrganicCompounds:Typesofbondsin organiccompounds,hybridizationof orbitals,formationofthesame andbondsformed,bondlength,bondangles,bondenergles,bond polarization
3hrs/week Hours
1.
2.
Inductiveeffects,conceptsofHbondinghyperconjugationresonance, VanderWaalsinteraction,inclusionphenomena,Acidityandbasicity ofmolecules ConceptofElectrophilesandNucleophiles Calculationsfordeterminingempiricalandmolecularformulae MechanismandelementarystereochemistrydiscussionofSN1,SN2 andSn1mechanisms,En,E2andEDiscussionofsubstitutionvs. elimination Discussionofthefollowingclassesofcompoundsinbrief,withregard toIUPACnomenclature,sources,methodsofpreparation,Physical propertiesandgeneralreactionsofhydrocarbons(alkanes,alkenes, alkynes) Additionreactionofalkenes:Markonikov,AntiMarkonikovrules, Hydroboration,OxymercurationDemercuration,Ozonolysis,addition ofKMnO4andAdditionreactionsacrossconjugated. Aliphatichalogencompounds
3.
4.
5.
6. 7.
6 2
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
th Robert T. Morrison and Robert N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6 Edition, Pearson EducationPvt.Ltd.,2005 th PeterSykes,AGuidebooktoMechanismsinorganicChemistry,6 Edition,Pearson Education,2007 th H.Finar,OrganicChemistry,5 Edition,PearsonEducation,2006 th StanleyPine,OrganicChemistry,5 Edition, McGrawHillCompanies,2007 th FrancisCarrey,OrganicChemistry,4 Edition,McGrawHillCompanies,2000
ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGYANDPATHOPHYSIOLOGYI S.No. 1. Topic BriefIntroductiontohumanbodyandorganizationofhumanbody
3hrs/week Hours 1
2.
3.
Structuralandfunctionalcharacteristicsoffollowingtissues Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscle Detailedstructureofcellmembraneandtransmembranemovementof substances 6 | P a g e
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Componentsandfunctionsoflymphaticsystem: Lymphaticorgansandtissues OrganizationofLymphvessels Formationandflowoflymph Definitionandetiologyoffollowingdiseasesindetail AIDS Autoimmune disease (Rheumatoid arthritis /Graves disease / MyastheniaGravis/Rheumaticfever) Hypersensitivity(Allergy) Haematology Compositionofblood Functionsofbloodelements Erythropoiesis SynthesisofHaemoglobin Leucopoisis Coagulationofblood Bloodgroups Definition&etiologyoffollowingdiseases,indetail AnaemiasTypesofanaemias Polyeythemia Leucopenia Leukocytosis Thrombocytopenia Leukemia StructureandPropertiesoffollowingmuscles Cardiacmuscles Smoothmuscles Skeletalmuscles Neuromusculartransmissionandcontractionofskeletalmuscle Energymetabolisminthemuscle Typesofmusclecontractions Muscletone Definitionandetiologyoffollowingdiseases,indetail Spasticity Tetany
ReferenceBooks: th 1. AnneWaughandAlleonGrantRoss&WilsonsAnatomy&PhysiologyinHealth&9 Edition(2001)ChurchillLivingstone,Edinbrigh,London,Newyork. 2. GeraldJ.Tortora&SandraReynoldsGrabowaskiPrincipleofAnatomy&Physiology th 10 Edition(2003)JohnWiley&SonsInc,Newyork,USA th 3. Arthur C. Guyton & John Half. Textbook of Medical Physiology 10 Edition (2000) W.B.SaundersCompany,Philadelph,Pensylvania,USA th 4. B. R. Mackenna & R. Callander Illustrated Physiology 6 Edition 1997, Churchill Livingstone,NewyorkEdinburgh,London nd 5. Praful b. Godkar Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology 2 Edition 2006 BhalaniPublishingHouse,Mumbai rd 6. V.G.Ranade,P.N.Joshi&ShaliniPradhanATextbookofPracticalPhysiology3 Edition1982P.V.G.Prakashan,Pune30 7 | P a g e
PHYSICALPHARMACYI
(3hrs/week)
S.No. Topic Hours 1. Gases: 6 IdealandRealGases Vanderwaalsphenomenon Criticalphenomenon,criticalconstantsandtheirdetermination LiquefactionofgasesLindesprocessandClaudesprocess Application of Liquefaction in aerosols introduction to the concept 2. PhysicalPropertiesofDrugMolecules 6 Additive,constructiveandcolligativepropertieswithexamples Dipole moment, significance to pharmacy, concept of polarisabilityandmolar Polarisation Retractive index and molar refraction and application of moral retractiontodeterminestructures. Viscosity: Definition, Concepts and applications > Textbook of PharmacySubramanyam Opticalrotationandspecificrotationanditsapplication 3. SolutionsofNonelectrolytes: 9 Unitsforexpressingconcentration Idealandrealsolutions Raoultslaw,deviationfromRaoultslaw Methods to measure vapour pressure lowering and its application(problems) Distillationofbinarymixturesandazeotropicdistillation Conceptofsteamdistillation Elevationofboilingpointand determinationofmolecular weight (problems) Depression of freezing point and determination of molecular weight(Problems) Osmotic pressure: Concept, Methods to determine, molecular weightdeterminationfromosmoticpressure 4. Thermodynamics 9 Definition,ApplicationandLimitations SystemsHomogenous,Heterogenous TypesofsystemsOpen,Closed,Adrabatic,Isothermal TypesofPropertiesIntensiveandExtensiveProperty EquilibriumandNonEquilibriumstates Types of Processes Isothermal Adrabatic, Isobanic, Isochoric, CyclicProcess ReversibleandIrreversibleprocess FirstLawofthermodynamics Enthalpy,heatCapacity,cPcVR(Derivation) Workofexpansionagainstvariablepressure Thermochemistry Heatofreaction,HeatofFormation,Heatofcombustion,Heatof SolutionDifferentialandIntegralheatofsolution. BondEnergyCalculationofHeatofreactionfrombondenergy 8 | P a g e
5.
data Kirehoffsequation,Hessslawofconstantheatsummation Secondlawofthermodynamics Carrottheorem Efficiencyofheatengine Entropy Thirdlawofthermodynamics FreeEnergyanditsapplications PressureandTemperaturecoefficientsoffreeenergy Maximumnetwork,Criteriaforequilibrium Chemicalpotential(onlydefinition) GibbsHelmholtzequation ClausiusClapereyonequationNoderivation VantHolfequationNoderivation PropertiesofSolutionsofElectrolytes Electrolysis Faradayslawsofelectrolysis Electrolytic conductance, Specific conductance, Equivalent conductance,Molecularconductance TransportNumber Measurementofconductance Variationofequivalentconductancewith Arrheniustheoryofelectrolyticdissociationcolligativeproperties, activitycoefficientexpressingcollagativeproperties. Theoryofstrongelectrolytes Degreeofdissociation Kohlrauschslawofindependentmigrationof Application of conductivity measurements conductometric titrationsandsolubilityofasparinglysolublesalt Equivalentconductanceofaweakelectrolyteatinfinitedilution Degreeofdissociationofaweakelectrolyte
ReferenceBooks: 1.
th P.J.Sinko,MartinsPhysicalPharmacyandPharmaceuticalScience5 Edition, Lippincotts Willians and Wilkin, Indian Education Distributed by B. I. Publications Pvt.Ltd,2006. th A.Findlay,PracticalPhysicalPharmacyrevisedandeditedbyJ.A.Ktchener,8 Edition.Lonmans,GreenandCompanyLtd1967. B. S. Bahl, A.Bahl, G. D. Tuli, EssentialsofPhysical Chemistry revised edition, S.ChandandcompanyLtd,NewDelhi,2006. U. B. Hadkar A Textbook of Physical Pharmacy, 6th Edition Nirali Prakashan, Pune2006. U.B.Hadkar,T.N.Vasudevan,K.S.LaddhaPracticalPhysicalPharmacyYucca PublishingHouse,Dombivali,1994.
2. 3. 4. 5.
PHARMACEUTICSI S.No. Topic 9 | P a g e
3hrs/week Hours
1.
HistoricalbackgroundtotheprofessionofPharmacyinIndiainbrief. BriefoverviewofstatusofPharmaceuticalindustryinIndia IntroductiontoPharmacopoeias. Development of Indian Pharmacopoeia and other Compendia includingB.P.,U.S.P.,N.F.,PhEur.,Internationalpharmacopoeiaand B.P.C. DefinitionofDrug ConceptofdosageformandformulationScopeofPharmaceutics Routesofadministrationandphysiologicalconsiderations Classificationofdosageformsandtheirapplications. Drug administration: Introduction to bioavailability biopharmaceutics. Conceptsofdrugefficiencyanddoseresponse. IntroductiontoAbsorption,Distributionandfateofdrug. and
2.
3.
4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
Pharmaceutical Calculations: Reduction and enlargement offormula, Formulabyweight(w/v,w/w,v/v)inparts. IntroductiontoGoodManufacturingPracticesandQualityAssurance Introductiontogalenicals.Amethodofpreparationofextractsincludes maceration,percolation,decoction,infusionanddigestion. Introductiontoalternatesystemsofmedicine:Ayurveda,Homeopathy, UnnaniandSiddha. Deliverysystems:Nonsterilemonophasicliquids. Unit operationof: Filtration and clarification ( Theory and equipment forfiltrationofsolidfromliquids)andmixing Rheology : Definition and concepts, types of flow, thixotropy and measurementofflowproperties Total
3 2 3 1
9.
10.
3 33
ReferenceBooks: 1. L. V. Allen Jr., N. G. Popovich and H. C. Ansel Ansels Pharmaceutical Dosage th FormsandDrugDeliverySystems,8 EditionLippincottsWilliamsandWilkin,Indian EducationDistributedbyB.I.PublicationsPvt.Ltd,2005 th P. J. Sinko, Martins Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science 5 Edition, Lippincotts Williams and Wilkin, Indian Edn, Distributed by B. I. Publications Pvt. Ltd,2006 M. E. Aulton Pharmaceutics The Science of Dosage Form Design Churchill Livingstone,London,2002. st Remington The Science and Practice of Pharmacy , Vol. I and II, 21 Edn. Lippincotts Williams and Wilkin, Indian Edn. Distributed by B. I. Publications Pvt. Ltd.,2005 th M. L Shroff Principles of Pharmacy Part I and II8 Edn. Five star Enterprises, Calcutta. th E. A. Rowling Bentleys Textbook of Pharmaceutics 8 Edn. Bailliere Tindall, London,IndianEdn.PublishedbyAllIndiaTravelerBookSellerDelhi,1992. 10 |P a g e
2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
P. C. Dandiya, R. K. Khat and N. K. Gurbani The Pharmacist Year Book 1993 st 1 Edn.CBSPublishersandDistributors,Delhi1993. th G. SonnedeckerKremers and Urdangs History of Pharmacy 4 EdnLippincotts Company,USA,1976. th R.A.LymanandG.UrdangAmericanPharmacy5 Edn. James Swarbick Current concepts in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Dosage form designandbioavailabilityLeaandFebiger,Philadelphia,1973. Harkishan Singh Pharmacopoeias and Formularies Vol. I Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi1994. th S.J.CarterCooperandGunnsTutorialPharmacy6 Edn.CBSPublishersand Distributors,Delhi,1986. th M. J. Stocklosa, H. C. Ansel,Pharmaceutical Calculations 8 Edition, Indian EditionbyK.M.VargheseCompany,Mumbai1986.
PHARMACEUTICALENGINEERINGI Note: Onlyprinciplesandequipmentstobecovered Nomathematicalderivationsandnumericalproblems S.No. 1. Topic FluidFlow: Mention fluid properties such as Viscosity, compressibility and surfacetensionoffluids Hydrostaticsinfluencingfluidflow Fluid dynamics Bernoullis theorem, flow of fluids in pipes, laminarandturbulent flow. HeatTransfer: Modesofheattransferconduction,conventionandradiation. Fouriers law for slabs and pipes (only equation and factors affecting) Conceptsofthermalconductivityandsteadystateheattransfer. Compoundresistanceinseries. Heat transfer by convection Natural convection and forced convection, dimensionalanalysis. Heattransfer betweenfluid and solidboundary. Heattransferbyradiation KirchhoffslawandStefanBoltzmann law.(onlyequationandfactorsaffecting) Overallheattransfercoefficient Heatexchangerstubularandplate Masstransfer: Masstransferinturbulentandlaminarflow Conceptofinterfacialmasstransfer. Pumping: Positivedisplacementpumpsreciprocatingpumps,rotarypumps Centrifugalpumps Specialpumps Measurements: Measurement of flow Classification of flow meters, venture 11 |P a g e
3hrs/week
Hours 4
2.
3.
4.
5.
meter,orificemeter,pitottube,rotameterandcurrentflowmeters Pressure measurement Classification of manometers, simple manometer,Utubemanometerandmodifications,Bourdongauge 6. ConveyingofSolids: Belt conveyor, Bucket conveyor, screw conveyor and Pneumatic conveyor. 7. WaterPurification: Pretreatmentandpurificationbydeionization,reverseosmosisand distillation. 8. RefrigerationandAirConditioning: Watervapourairmixture Hygrometry Humidification and dehumidification equipments spray ponds, naturaldraftcoolingtowersandmechanicaldraftcoolingtowers. Refrigeration equipment and concept of refrigeration load, conceptsofbrinesystemsandabsorptionsystems 9. Centrifugation: Principle,objectiveandrequirementsofcentrifugation EquipmentsHydroextractors. 10. Corrosion: Mechanismandtypesofcorrosion. Factorsinfluencingrateofcorrosion. Methodsofcombatingcorrosion. 11. MaterialofConstruction: Classificationintometals&nonmetals Ferrousanditsalloyscastiron,mildsteelandstainlesssteel Copperanditsalloys Nickelanditsalloys Aluminumanditsalloys Glass Plastics Classification into thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics Properties and applications of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyster, ABS, phenolic and epoxy plastics,fluorocarbon plastics, chlorinated plastics and polycarbonateplastics. Total
35
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. K.SambamurthyPharmaceuticalEngineeringNewAgeInternationalPvt.Ltd.New Delhi,2001. th A. R. Paradkar Introduction to Pharmaceutical Engineering7 Edn. Nirali Prakashan,Pune2005. W.L.BadgerandJ. T.BancheroIntroductiontoChemicalEngineeringMc. Graw HillBookCompany. R. H. Perry and D. W. Green Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook 7th Edn. ChemicalHandBook.McGrawHillBookCompany,1997.
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ORGANICCHEMISTRYLABORATORYI
4hrs/week
OrganicSporting:Qualitativeanalysesoforganiccompoundsaspectstobecoveredare solubility characterization and preliminary tests, elements detection, functional group characterization,derivativepreparation ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3.
th Textbook of practical organic chemistry by Vogel, 4 edition, publishers Longman groupLtd. th PracticalOrganicChemistrybyF.G. Mannand B.C.Saunders,4 editionpublished byOrientLongman. HandbookbyKulkarniandPathak,PublishedbyDastaneRamchandraandCompany
PHYSICALPHARMACYLABI 1.
4hrs/week
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Determination of refractive index, molar refraction. Using water as a reference standardtodeterminerefractiveindexoftwoorganicsolventandtheirmixturesand to determine composition of unknown. To determine RI of a solid (KCI) from two concentrationsofsolidsolutions. Viscosity:Todeterminethecompositionoftheunknownbinarymixture. Polarimetry: Different Concentrations of sugar, determination of unknown concentrationandspecificrotation. Determination of molecular weight by Rast camphor method. Demonstration of Landsbergermethod. Determinationofheatofsolution. PartitioncoefficientIodine
ReferenceBooks: 1. U. B.Hadkar, T.N.Vasudevan, K. S. Laddha PracticalPhysicalPharmacy Yucca PublishingHouse,Dombivali,1994.
ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGYANDPATHOPHYSIOLOGYLab 1.
(4hrs/week)
Hematology a. RedBloodCell(RBC)Count b. TotalLeukocyteCount c. DifferentialLeukocyte(WBC)Count d. Hemoglobincontentofblood e. Bleeding&ClottingTime f. Bloodgroups g. ErythrocyteSedimentationRate(ESR)/Hematocrit(Demonstration) StudyofHumanSkeleton MicroscopicstudyofpermanentslidesTissues: Columnar,Cuboidal,Squmaous,CiliatedEpithelium 13 |P a g e
2. 3.
Cardiac/Skeletal/Smoothmuscle Ovary,Testis,Liver,Pancreas,Thyroid,Tongue,Stomach,Intestine,Kidney,Lung, SpinalCord,Cerebrum,Artery,Vein 4. 5. Measurementofbloodpressure TutorialDiscussiononsomecommoninvestigationalproceduresusedindiagnosis ofdiseasewiththehelpofchartsslidesNameandImportanceoffollowingtests: 1. 2. 3. Electroencephalogram(EEG)indiagnosisofEpilepsy Electrocardiogram(ECG)indiagnosisofcardiacarrhythmia LiverFunctionTests SerumBilirubin Serumglutamateoxaloacetatetransaminase(SGOT) Serumglutamatepyruvatetransaminase(SGPT) UrineBilirubin UrineUrobilinogen KidneyFunctionTests SerumCreatinine SerumUrea,UricAcid BloodUreaNitrogen(BUN) BloodGlucose SerumCholesterol/Triglycerides SerumAlkalinephosphatase(ALT) SerumAcidphosphatase(APT) SerumLipase SerumAmylase SerumCalcium Serumlactatedehydrogense(LDH) ThyroidFunctionTestsT3,T4 Diagnostictestsforinfectiousdiseaseslike Malaria Tuberculosis Dengue Leptospirosis
4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
14 |P a g e
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. AnneWaughAndAllisonGrantRoss&WilsonsAnatomy&PhysiologyinHealth& th Illness9 Edition(2001)ChurchillLivingstone,Edinbruigh,London,Newyork. Gerald J. Tortora & Sandra Reynolds Grabowaski Principals of Anatomy & th Physiology10 Edition(2003)JohnWiley&SonsInc,Newyork,USA th ArthurC.Guyton&JohnE.HallTextbookofMedicalPhysiology10 Edition(2000) W.B.SaundersCompany,Philadelphia,Pensylvania,USA. th B. R. Mackenna & R. Callander Illustrated Physiology 6 Edition, Churchill Livingstone,NewyorkEdinburgh,London. nd PrafulB.GodkarTextbookofMedicalLaboratoryTechnology2 Ed.2006Bhalani PublishingHouse,Mumbai rd V.G.Ranade,P.N.Joshi&ShaliniPradhan,ATextbookofpracticalphysiology,3 Edition1982P.V.G.Prakashan,Pune030.
15 |P a g e
SEMESTERII ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGYANDPATHOPHYSIOLOGYII S.No Topic 1. AnatomyandphysiologyofRespiratorySystem Exchangeofgases ExternalandInternalrespiration Mechanismandregulationofrespiration Lungvolumesandlungcapacities 2. Definitionandetiologyoffollowingdiseases,indetail Asthma Pneumonia Bronchitis Emphysema RespiratoryAcidosisandAlkosis 3. ReproductiveSystem AnatomicalandPhysiologicalconsiderationsofmaleand femalereproductivesystem Menstrualcycle 4. Definitionandetiologyoffollowingdiseases,indetail Infertility Sexuallytransmitteddiseases(STD) Dismenorrhea 5. EndocrineSystem Locationhormonesandfunctionsoffollowingendocrineglands: Pituitary Thyroid&Parathyroid Adrenal Pancreas Tests&Ovaries Controlofhormonesecretion 6. Etiologyofhypoandhypersecretionofaboveendocrineglands andrelateddiseases ReferenceBooks 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. AnneWaughAndAllisonGrantRoss&WilsonsAnatomy&PhysiologyinHealth& th Illness9 Edition(2001)ChurchillLivingstone,Edinbrigh,London,Newyork Gerald J. Tortora & Sandra Reynolds Grabowaski Principals of Anatomy & th Physiology10 Edition(2003)JohnWiley&SonsInc,Newyork,USA th ArthurC.Guyton&JohnE.HallTextbookofMedicalPhysiology10 Edition(2000) W.B.SaundersCompany,Philadelphia,Pensylvania,USA th B. R. Mackenna & R. Callander Illustrated Physiology 6 Edition 1997, Churchill Livingstone,NewyorkEdinburgh,London nd Praful B. Godkar Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology 2 Edition 2006 BhalaniPublishingHouse,Mumbai rd V.G.Ranade,P.N.Joshi&ShaliniPradhanATextbookofpracticalphysiology,3 Edition1982P.V.G.Prakashan,Pune30 16 |P a g e 3hrs/week Hours 4
12
ORGANICCHEMISTRYII S.No.
3hrs/week
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
Topic Hours Discussionofthefollowingclassesofcompoundsinbrief,withregard toIUPACnomenclature,sources,methodsofpreparation,Physical propertiesandgeneralreactions,withmechanisms Alcoholsandethers 4 Carbonylcompounds(aldehydesandketones) 5 Carboxylicacids,esters,anhydrides,amides 5 Aminesandothernitrogencontainingcompounds. 6 Aromaticcompounds:Conceptsofaromaticityandaromaticcharacter, 10 Huckelrule,structureandresonanceinbenzeneNomenclatureof aromatics:Electrophilicandnucleophilicsunstitutionreactionsin aromaticcompounds. Preparationandreactivityofpolycyclicaromatics naphthalenes 6 anthraceneandphenanthrene
ReferenceBooks 1. 2. 3. 4.
th Morrison and Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6 Edition, Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd, 2006. th PeterSykes,AGuidebooktoMechanismsinorganicChemistry,6 Edition,Pearson Education,2007. th I. L. Finar, Organic Chemistry, 5 Edition, Pearson Education, 2006 Stanley Pine, th OrganicChemistry,5 Edition,McGraw HillCompanies,2007. th FrancisCarrey,OrganicChemistry,4 Edition,McGrawHillCompanies,2000.
PHARMACEUTICALANALYSISI
3hrs/week
S.No. Topic Hours 1. Introduction to the study of monographs offiveofficial compounds 4 sodium chloride, calcium carbonate. Talc, boric acid and ferrous sulphate. 2. I.P. Limits tests for insoluble matter, soluble matter, nonvolatile 3 matter,volatilematter,residueonignitionandashvalue. 3. Various limit tests prescribed in I.P. e.g. chloride, sulphate, arsenic, 3 lead,iron,nitrate,alkaliandalkalineearthmetals. 4. Thetheoreticalbasisandtechniquesofquantitativeanalysis,Solute, 5 solvent, solution, solubility productrange, concentration,definition of normality, molarit, molality, milliequivalence, strongacidsand bases, weak acids and bases, buffers, primary and secondary standards, calculationbasedonstochiometryproblems,theoryofindicators(both externalandinternalindicators),conceptofendpoint. 5. Classification of theoretical considerations and applications to 3 volumetricanalysis. 6. Acid base titrations in aqueous medium titrations, complexometric 15 titrations, redox titrations, argentimetric titrations and nonaqueous titrationswithsuitableexample. 17 |P a g e
7.
EstimationstudiesofimportantgasesOxygen,NitrogenandCarbon dioxide.
ReferenceBooks 1. 2. 3.
th A.H.BekettandJ.B.Stanlake,PracticalPharmaceuticalChemistry,4 edition,CBS PublishersandDistributors,1997. th G.H.JefferyandJ.Bassett,VogelsTextbookofQuantitativeChemicalAnalysis,5 Edition,LongmanScientificandTechnical,1989. IndianPharmacopoeia,BritishPharmacopoeia,USP,Martindale.
PHYSICALPHARMACYII
3hrs/Week Hours 4
S.No. TOPICS 1. Ionicequilibriaandbuffers: SorensenspHscale,calculationofpH,effectofpHon Ionizationofweakacidsandbases,calculationof Fractionunionized,buffersinpharmaceuticalandbiological systems,conceptoftonicity,isotonicbuffer Solutions,applicationofbuffersandconceptoftonicityin pharmacy. Problems 2. Solubility: Solubilityofgasesinliquids,henryslawandapplications Miscibleliquidsandpartiallymiscibleliquids Solubilityofsolidsinliquids,idealsolubility,solubility parametersandpredictionofsolubilityinregularsolutions Partitionphenomenaandpartitioningofweakelectrolytes anditsapplications 3. ChemicalKinetics: Molecularity,orderofareactionandspecificrateconstant Zeroorder,firstorderandsecondorderreaction. (Problems) Methodstodetermineorderofareaction Energyofactivation,Arrheniusequationandapplication Collisiontheoryandtransitionstatetheory Acceleratedstabilitystudiesconceptsandapplications Problems Catalysis: Definition,typesandspecificity Interfacialphenomena: Surfacetension,Interfacialtension Surfacefreeenergy Pressuredifferenceacrosscurvedinterfaces MeasurementofsurfaceandinterfacialtensionCapillaryrise method Dropweightmethod DuNuoytensiometermethod Spreadingofliquids Spreadingcoefficient Adsorptionatliquidinterfaces 18 |P a g e
4. 5.
2 8
6.
7.
Surfaceactiveagents HydrophilicLipophilicbalance Typesofmonolayersatliquidinterfaces Solublemonolayers Gibbsadsorptionequation(Noderivation) Insolublemonolayersandfilmbalance Adsorptionatsolidinterfaces Adsorptionisotherms Freundlichadsorptionisotherm WettingangleandContactangle Problems Electromotiveforce: Electrochemicalcell Typesofelectrodes Nernstequationandcellemf pHmeterandMeasurementofpH Ionsensitiveelectrodes Oxidationreductionindicators Concentrationcells Problems Colloids: Classification Preparation,colloidpropertiessuchasoptical Kineticandelectrical Goldnumber Protectivecolloid SchultzHardyrule.
ReferenceBooks 1.
th P. J. Sinko, Martins Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5 edition, LippincottsWilliamsandWilkin,IndianEdn.DistributedbyB.I.PublicationsPvt.Ltd., 2006. th A. Findlay, Practical Physical Pharmacy revised and edited by J. A. Kitchener, 8 Edn.Longmans,GreenandcompanyLtd.1967. B.S.Bahl,A.Bahl,G.D.Tuli,EssentialsofPhysicalChemistryrevisededition,S. ChandandcompanyLtd.,NewDelhi,2006. th U. B. Hadkar A Textbook of Physical Pharmacy, 6 Edn. Nirali Prakashan, Pune 2006. U. B.Hadkar, T. N.Vasudevan, K. S.Laddha PracticalPhysicalPharmacy Yucca PublishingHouse,Dombivali,1994.
2. 3. 4. 5.
PHARMACEUTICSII S.No. Topic Hours 1. Introductiontoperformulationstudieswithrespecttomonophasics: 9 Organolepticproperties Purity Solubilityandtechniquesofsolubilzation Partition coefficient and dissociation constant, Salt formation Polymorphismandcrystalhabit StabilityandInteractionwithexcipients. 2. Complexion: 2 19 |P a g e
3.
4.
5.
6.
Typesofcomplexesandtheiranalysis. Formulation,largescalemanufacturing,packagingand QualityControl ofnonsterilemonophasicliquids: Solutions Aromaticwaters Syrups Elixirs Linctuses Drops Glycerites Paints Lotions Liniments Sprays. PowderTechnology: Fundamentalandderivedpropertiesofpowdersandtheir measurement Sizereduction. Sizeseparation. Formulation,largescalemanufacturing,PackagingandQualitycontrol ofPowders: Dustingpowders Oralrehydrationpowders Drysyrupformulations. Diffusion: Fickslawsandsteadystatediffusion,measurementof diffusion. Dissolution: Dissolutionrate,NoyesWhitneyequation,Hixon CrowellLaw
REFERENCEBOOKS: 1. L. V. Allen Jr., N. G. Popovich and H. C. Ansel Ansels Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery S. D. systems, 8th Edn. Lippincotts Williams and Wilkin. IndianEdnDistributedbyB.I.PublicationsPvt.Ltd.,2005. th P. J. Sinko, Martins Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5 edition, LippincottsWilliamsandWilkin,IndianEdn.DistributedbyB.I.PublicationsPvt.Ltd., 2006 M. E. Aulton Pharmaceutics The Science of Dosage form Design Churchill Livingston,London,2002. st Remington The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Vol. I and II, 21 Edn. LippincottsWilliamsandWilkin,IndianEdn.DistributedbyB.I.PublicationsPvt.Ltd., 2005 th E.A.RowlingBentleysTextbookofPharmaceutics8 Edn.BailliereTindallLondon, IndianEdn.PublishedbyallIndiaTravelerBooksellerDelhi,1992. th R.A LymanandG.UrdangAmericanPharmacy5 Edn. JamesSwarbickCurrentconceptsinPharmaceuticalSciences:Dosageformdesign andbioavailabilityLeaandFebiger,Philadelphia,1973. th S. J Carter Cooper and Gunns Tutorial Pharmacy 6 Edn. CBS Publishers and Distributors,Delhi,1986. IndustrialPharmacy
2.
3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
20 |P a g e
MICROBIOLOGY
3hrs/Week
S.No. Topic Hours 1. Brief history of microbiology: Microbiology, scope and application in 1 pharmaceuticalsciences 2. Microscopy:Simplemicroscope,Compoundmicroscope. 3 Resolving power, magnification, angular aperture, and numerical aperture, oil immersion microscopy to be covered in practical, phase contrastanddarkfield. Fluorescentandelectronmicroscopy. 3. Staining(Allstainingwithrespecttobacteria): 2 Monochromaticstaining Gramstaining Acidfaststaining Capsule,flagellaspore,cellwallstaining Negativestaining Motility 4. Classificationofmicroorganismasdifferenttypes 1 5. Classificationofbacteria: Morphology,cellcharacteristic,habitatnutritionCultivationofbacteria: 2 Culture media: Cultivation, storage media, enrichment media differentialmedia,microbiologicalassaymedia Cultivationofaerobesandanaerobes Pureculturetechniquesisolation Preservationofcultures 2 Reproduction and Growth phases, measurement of growth, factors 2 affectinggrowth,continuouscultivation,enumerationofbacteria 2 Identificationofbacteria 2 Overviewofbacterialdiseasesinbrief Mycobacteriumsp.,Salmonellasp.,Shigellasp.,Staphylococcus 2 Sp.,Klebsiellasp.,E.coli.,Pseudomonas,Clostridiumselfstudy 2 6. Viruses: 3 Morphologicalcharacteristic,enumeration,cultivationandreproduction HIVandoneogenicViruses. 7. RiekketsiaeDiseases 1 8. Fungi: 2 Morphologicalcharacteristicsandclassification,reproduction, mycosis in brief (Pathogenic fungi like Aspergillus, Dermatophytes. Candidaalbicans) 9. Algae: 1 Morphological characteristics, reproduction, economic significance of algae 10. Protozoa: 2 Morphological characteristics and classification, reproduction, Pathogenic protozoa like Amoeba, Paramecium, Trichomonas, Plasmodium 11. Controlofmicroorganisms: 6 Differenttechniquesofsterilizationandtheirapplication.Introductionto aseptictechniques(noequipmentstobecovered) Disinfectantsandprinciplesofdisinfection.
21 |P a g e
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. M. J. Pelezar Jr., E. C. S. Chan and N. R. Krieg Microbiology Concepts and ApplicationsMcGrawHill,Inc.,USA,1993. M. Frobisher, R. D. Hinsdill,K. T. Crabtree andC. R. Goodheart Fundamentalsof th Microbiology,9 Edn.SaundersCollegePublishing,Philadelphia1968. th W. B. Hugo and A. D. Russel Pharmaceutical Microbiology 6 Edn, Blackwell ScienceLtd.UK,2003. th R. Ananthanarayan and Ck. J. Paniker Test Book of Microbiology, 7 Edn. Orient LongmanPvt.Ltd,Hyderabad,2005
PHARMACEUTICALANALYSISLABORATORYI 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
4hrs/week
Preparation and standardization of 0.1 N HCI, 0.1 N NaOH,0.1N Na2S2O3, 0.1 N KMnO4,0.1Nlodin. Assay of Zinc oxide, Magnesium sulphate, Ferrous sulphate, Potassium iodide, Coppersulphate. TitrimetricAnalysis:Determinationoftotalalkalinityandsodiumcarbonateofsodium hydroxidedeterminationofpercentageofaspirin,Determinationofascorbicacid ArgentimetrictitrationNaClpowderandKCl. I.P.limittestsfor:chloride,sulphate,arsenic,heavymetal,iron.
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3.
th A.H.BekettandJ.B.Stanlake,PracticalPharmaceuticalChemistry,4 edition,CBS PublishersandDistributors,1997. th G.H.JefferyandJ.Bassett,VogelsTextbookofQuantitative:ChemicalAnalysis,5 Edition.LongmanScientificandTechnical1989. IndianPharmacopocia,BritishPharmacopocia,USP,Martindale
PHARMACEUTICSLABI Listofexperiments Aromaticwaters ChloroformwaterI.P66 ConcentratedDillwaterI.P66ConcentratedAnisewaterB.P.C73 Dillwater Gripewater Syrups SyrupI.P66 Artificialsyrup CoughsyrupCodeinephosphatesyrupB.P.C Linctus SimplelinctusB.P.C Elixirs PiperzinecitrateelixirB.P.C Eardrops ChloramphenicoleardropsB.P.C 22 |P a g e
4hrs/week
Nasaldrops EphedrinesulphatenasadropsB.P.C Glycerites GlycerinofstarchI.P55 GlycerinofboricacidI.P55 GlycerinoftannicacidI.P66 Solutions AqueousIodinesolutionI.P66 WeakIodinesolutionI.P66 ParacetamolSolubilisedPaediatricdrops CresolwithsoapsolutionI.P MagnesiumcitrateoralsolutionN.FXIV Chlorinatedsodasolution,surgicalB.P.C IodinePaintcompoundB.P.C68 Powders Oralrehydrationsalt(ORS) Evaluation ofliquidsfor specific gravity andviscosity and powders for bulk density, flowrateandangelofrepose
PHYSICALPHARMACYLABII KINETICS 1. 2. 3. 4.
4hrs/week
Relativestrength.Hydrochloricacid/sulphuricacid Secondorderreaction(saponification) Determinationoforderbyequalfractionmethod(firstorderreaction) Ostwaldsisolationmethodtodetermineorder
NONKINETICS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Parntoncoefficient Benzoicacid Surface tension: 1. Determination of surface tension of water, toluene, nhexane, parachorandcriticalsolutiontempdetermination.2.DeterminationofCMC Phenolwater:Criticalsolutiontempandcomposition Determinationofmolecularweightofapolymerfromsolutionviscosity Adsorption:Surfaceareadetermination HLBofAsurfactant Potentiometer:Titrationanddeterminationofbuflercapacity
ReferenceBooks: 1. U. B Hadkar, T. N. Vasudevan, K. S. Laddha Practical Physical Pharmacy Yucca PublishingHouse,Dombivali,1994.
MICROBIOLOGYLABORATORY 1. 2. 3. Studyofmicroscopeandcommonlaboratoryequipments Gramstaining Monochromestaining 23 |P a g e
4hrs/week
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Negativestaining Cellwallstaining Scopestaining Capsulestaining Motilitybyhangingdroptechnique Preparation and sterilization of nutrient broth, agar slants, plates, anoculation techniques. Isolation of pure culture by pour plate and streak plate methods. Colony characterizationandgrowthpatternsinbrothofcocciandbacilli TotalcountbyBreedssmearmethod Growthbyopticaldensity,totalplatecount Studyofyeast,AspergillusandPenicillumwithrespecttomorphology Observationonpreparedslidesofmalarialparasiteinbloodsmear,intestinalamoeba instools.
24 |P a g e
SYLLABUSCOPYFORSECONDYEARB.PHARM SEMESTERIII ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGYANDPATHOPHYSIOLOGYIII

S.No. 1. Topics NervousSystem Anatomyandphysiologyof: CentralNervousSystem(CNS) PeripheralNervousSystem(PNS) AutonomicNervousSystem(ANS) PropertiesofNeurons,Neurotransmitterandneurotransmission Cranialandspinalnerves SensoryandMotorpathways DefinitionandEtiologyoffollowingdiseasesindetail Epilepsy Parkinsonism AlzheimersDisease CerebralHypoxia Stroke(Cerebrovasculardisease) Anxiety&Depression ManiaandSchizophrenia StructureandFunctionoffollowingsensoryorgans Eye Ear Tongue Nose Skin DigestiveSystem Partsofdigestivesystem.Theirstructureandfunctions Digestionandabsorptionofcarbohydrates,proteinsandfats Phasesofgastricsecretion DefinitionandEtiologyoffollowingdiseasesindetail Pepticulceration ZollingerEllisonsSyndrome InflammatoryBowelDisease(Ulcerativecolitis,Crohnsdisease) Cholecystitis&Cholelithiasis Jaundice Hepatitis Pancreatitis Achalasia Refluxesophagitis
3Hrs/week
Hours 9
2.
3.
4.
5.
25 |P a g e
ReferenceBooks:
th 1. Ross&WilsonAnatomy&Physiologyinhealth&Illness.10 Edition.AnneWaugh, AllisonGrant,ChurchillLivingstoneElsevier,2006 th 2. Tortora & Grabowaski Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. 11 Edition, J Wiley & Sons.2007 th 3. Guyton & Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 10 Edition. Harcourt Singapore. 2001 th 4. B. R. Mackenna & R. Callander Illustrated Physiology. 6 Edition. NY Churchill Livingstone.1997 5. Kplan,Jack,Opheim,ToivolaLyon,ClinicalChemistry:Interpretation&Techniques, th 4 Edition,Williams&Williams,London1995. 6. Praful B. Godkar, Darshan P. Godkar Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology, nd 2 EditionBhalaniMumbai.2006 7. P.C. Dandiya & P. K. Sharma BioChemistry & Clinical Pathology (Theory & Practical). 8. RusselJ.Greene&NormanD.HarrisPathology&TherapeuticsforPharmacists:A nd BasisforClinicalPharmacyPractice,2 Edition,PharmpressNY.2000 9. Ranade&JoshiManualofPracticalPhysiology,PuneVidyarthiGruhaPrakashan. 10. Eric Herfindal, Dick Gourley. Text Book of Therapeutics: Drug and Diseases th Management,7 Edition,LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,AWoltersKluversCompany. 11. Cotran, Kumar and Colins, RobinsPathologic Basis of diseases, 6th Edition, WB SaudersCompany. 12. The Merck Manual of Medical Information, Home Edition. Merck Research Laboratories,DivisionofMerek&CoInc.WhiteHouseStation.N.J.1997.
ORGANICCHEMISTRYIII
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 16
Stereochemistry OpticalisomerismrepresentationofmoleculesbyFisher,Newmanand SawhorseprojectionformulaeR,SandD,Lnotations,diastereomers andresolutionofracemicmixtures.GeometricalisomerismEandZ nomenclature. Conformersofethane,nbutaneandcyclohexanes(monoand disubstitutedcyclohexanestobediscussed).aspectsofstabilityand opticalactivity. Namereactions Aldolcondensation,NitroaldolClaisenCondensationMichaeladdition, Dieckmannscyclisation,Stobbe,Reformatsky,Knoevenagel,Perkin, Cannizaro,Beckmann,Lossen,Curtius,BayerVilleger,Favorskii, Hoffman,Wolff,Schmidt,Wittig,Benzilicacidrearrangement, Sommolet,Stevens,Pinacol.Problemsbasedonthetransformationsto besolved
2.
20
26 |P a g e
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. StereochemistryofCarbonCompounds.E.L.Eliel.TataMcGrawHillPublishingCo. Ltd.1986. th Stereochemistry, Conformation and Mechanisms. P. S Kalsi. 4 Ed., New Age InternationalPublishers2001. Strategic Applications of Named reactions in Organic Synthesis. L. Kurti and B.Czako,ElsevierScience&TechnologyBooks.March2005. th OrganicChemistry,S.H.Pine.5 Ed.,TataMcGrawHillPublishingCo.Ltd.,2007. nd PrinciplesofOrganicSynthesis.R.O.Norman.2 Ed.,ChapmanandHall.1978. th OrganicChemistry,JohnMcMurry,5 Ed.Brooks/Cole,ThomsonLearning,1999. th OrganicChemistry,FrancisCarey,5 Ed.,McGrawHill.
PHARMACEUTICALANALYSISII
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 3
Typesoferrors Concepts of errors: Mean, median, standard deviation, relative standard deviation, Absolute and relative errors, precision, accuracy, significantfigures.Determinateandindeterminateerrorsandtheways to minimize them. Variables in analytical chemistry and scope of pharmaceuticalanalysis. Solventextraction Principle, factors affecting liquidliquid extraction (Solvent method of extraction stripping and pH effect, salting out effect. etc). Soxhlet extractions, Multiple extractions, applications (alkaloids, sodium benzoate,pilocarpinenitrate,anyonenasaldrops) Refractometry Snells Law, Definitions of specific and molar refraction, factors affecting measurement of refractive index (pressure, wavelength, temperature), Principle (Grazing angle of incidence, Critical angle of refraction). different types of refractometers (Abbes, pulfrich, Dipping type) with construction and working of Abbes refractometer in detail. Applications. Polarimetry Introduction to electromagnetic properties of lightwaves. monochromatic radiation, production of linearly polarized light, definitions circular birefringence, left and right circularly polarized light,opticalrotatorydispersion,molecularellipticity,circulardichroism, Instrumentation: Light source, polarizer, sample cell, analyser, Anisotropiccrystals,Nicolsprism,Determinationofopticalactivity(Half shadeeffect),Applications. PrincipalesofGravimetricAnalysis Theory: Massasmeasurement signal andprecipitationequilibria, Unit 27 |P a g e
2.
3.
4.
5.
operations in gravimetric analysis, Organic and Inorganic precipitants factors affecting gravimetric analysis, CalculationsGravimetric factor Applications: Assay of Nickel by dimethylglyoxime and assay of +2 aluminumbyoxinereagentofBa BaSO4 6. Miscellaneous Oxygen flask combustion method (I.P. apparatus, analysis of organically bound halogens, sulphur and phosphorus, assay of di iodohydroxyquinoline) Aquametry Different types of water present in a sample,analysis of waterbyKarlFischertitrationspreparationofKFRreagentasperI.P. standardization of KPR as per I.P. Stability of KFR, application for Ampicillintrihydrate) Kjeldahls method (Apparatus, methods of digestion of sample applicationanyonefromI.P.). 3
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
th VogeltextbookofPracticalOrganicChemistry4 edition,1984,Elbs&Longmans, London. th Beckett&StenlakePracticalPharmaceuticalChemistry,4 edition,1988.CBS Publishers&Distributors,India. th GaryChristianAnalyticalChemistry,4 edition,1986,JohnWiley&Sons.NewYork. st TakeauHiguchiandFinarBrochmannHanssenPharmaceuticalAnalysis,1 edition,1997,CBSPublishers&Distributors. st MEITESH.B.ofAnalyticalChemistry,1 edition,1963,McGrawHillBookCompany, NewYork th Grant,Eugene,L.Leavenworth,RichardS.StatisticalQualityControl,4 edition, 1972,McGrawHillKogakashaLimit,Tokyo. I.P.,U.S.,P.,B.P.,EuropeanPharmacopoeia.
BIOCHEMISTRYI
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 10
Carbohydrates Definition,biological roles, aldosesand ketoses,triosestohexoses, DL notation, Fischer and Haworth projection formulae (glucose as example),Monosaccharidesrangingfromtriosestohexoses(Fisher projection, names and abbreviations of common sugars), Reactions of carbohydrates optical properties, oxidation, reduction, hemiacetal/hemiketalformation,acetate/ketalformation,glycosides, acid catalyzed rearrangement, base catalyzed rearrangement, hydrazone formation, mutarotation, anomeric carbon. Disaccharides and polysaccharides introduction to structures of simple compounds and their biological role (sucrose, maltose, lactose, cellulose, starch, amylose). Unusual sugars like glucose amine, muramicacidetc. 28 |P a g e
2.
Proteins Definition, biological roles, amino acids types, structures, names, three letter abbreviations, one letter codes, unusual amino acids. Reactionsofaminoacids,acidbasebehavior,isoelectricpH,optical activity, Nacylation, ninhydrin reaction, reaction with flurodinitro benzene. Dansyl chloride reaction. Edman reaction, Schiff base formation,esterification,sidechainreactions,Peptidesandproteins, peptide bond and its special properties, introduction to primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structure and their featuresinbrief. Nucleicacids Definition of DNA and RNA, nitrogenous bases, nucleosides, nucleotides,structureofDNA, shorthandnotationofDNApolymers, meltingandannealingofDNA,briefintroductiontosemiconservative replicationandinformationflowviamRNAtoproteins.TypesofRNA mRNA,tRNAandrRNAtheirstructureandtheirbiologicalrole. Lipids Definition, biological roles, fatty acids saturated, unsaturated, shorthand notation, common fatty acids, Properties of fatty acids physicalproperties, formation ofesters, triacylglycerols,fats vsoils, acid value, iodine value, ester value, rancidity, hydrolysis of fats, hydrogenation of oils, compound lipids phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, Structure and biological roles of some common compound lipids. Introduction to terpenoids fat soluble vitaminsandcholesterol. Vitamins Detailed description of the mechanisms involved in the biochemical roles of vitamins A, D, E, K, B1, B2, Niacinamide, B6, biotin, folic acid, ascorbic acid, lipoic acid, inositol and pantothenic acid, BiologicalroleofB12(withoutstructure).
10
3.
4.
5.
th Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 4 Ed., Eds. Nelson D. L. and Cox M.M. ReplikaPressPvt.Ltd.,India,2007. rd Biochemistry,StryerL.,3 Ed.,W.H.Freeman&Co.1988. th Harpers Biochemistry, 25 Ed., Eds. Murray R.K., Granner D.K., Mayes P.A. and RodwellV.W.AppletonandLange,USA,2000. th Outlines of Biochemistry, 5 Ed., Eds. Conn. E. Stumpf P.K., Bruening G and Doi RoyH.,JohnWiley&Sons,USA,1987. th Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 5 Ed., Ed. Devilin T.M., Wiley Liss,USA,2002.
PHARMACEUTICSIII
S.No. Topic 29 |P a g e
3hrs/week
Hours
1.
BiphasicDispersedSystems:Physicochemicalprinciples thermodynamic,instabilityofdispersedsystems Suspensions definition, advantage & disadvantage, desirable features, Theoretical (Preformulation) aspects wetting phenomena, particle particle reactions, DLVO theory, flocculated and deflocculated systems, Schulze Hardy Rule, Sedimentationinsuspensions,CrystalFactors,Rheology. PreparationofsuspensionPrecipitationmethodsand Dispersionmethod,FormulationAdditives,LargeScale manufacturewithequipmentsQ.C.testsincludingstresstesting, layout,Exampleformulationsofficialpreparations. Emulsions Definition, advantage and Disadvantage, Theoretical aspects interfacial tension, need for emulsion. Theories of emulsification. Droplet stabilization, Mechanism of emulsifiers, selection of emulsifiers HLB, Davis method, PIT method, cloud point determination, classification of emulsifiers withexamples,otheradditives.Rheologyaspects,Manufacturing large scale with equipments, Packaging,stability of emulsion, Q.C.tests&stresstests,layoutExamplesOfficialpreparations. Semisolids Introduction IntroductiontoanatomyofSkin. FunctionofSkin PercutaneousabsorptionandPenetration. Factorsinfluencing. Methodsusedtoevaluatepercutaneousabsorption. Permeationenhancers. Ointments,OintmentBases,Pastes,Gels,Poultice. SelectionofbasesLargescalemanufacturingandprocessing withequipments. Q.C.testing,ExamplesofPreparation. Suppositories Definition,advantage&disadvantage,desirablefeatures AnatomyofRectuminbrief&rectalabsorption SuppositorybasesFeaturesdesired,Classificationand selection,SpecialBases. ManufacturingandPackaging,Q,C,tests Example formulations
12
2.
10
3.
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. LachmanLeon,LiebermanHerbertA.KanigJosephL.,TheTheoryandPracticeof rd IndustrialPharmacy,3 Edition1987,VarghesePublishingHouse,Mumbai. LiebermanHerbertA.,Rieger,PharmaceuticalDosageFormsDispersed nd Systems.Volume1/2/3,2 Edition,2005,MarcelDekkerInc.NewYork.
30 |P a g e
3. 4. 5.
st Remington,TheScienceandpracticeofPharmacy,21 ed.,VolumeI&IIB.L. PublicationsPvt.Ltd.,2005. th MartinA.PhysicalPharmacy,4 Ed.,Lea&Febiger,Philadelphia,London,2006. M.E.Aulton,Ed.PharmaceuticsTheScienceofDosageFormDesign,Churchill LivingstoneMedicalDivisionofLongmanGroup,U.K.Ltd.,2002.
PHARMACEUTICALENGINEERINGII
Onlyprinciplesandequipmentstobecovered. Nomathematicalderivationsandnumericalproblems Topic Fluidization Theoryoffluidization Extraction:SolidLiquid&LiquidLiquidExtraction Mechanismandmethodofextractionprocessandfactorsaffecting extractionprocess. Equipments employed in solidliquid extractionSoxhlet extractor, Open tank, Agitated tank, Vortical or Turbo extractor, extraction battery and Robert diffusion battery, Rotocel extractor, Bollman extractor, Bonotto extractor, Screw extractor and Hilderbrandt extractor. Equipments employed for LiquidLiquid extractionMixer settler, Spray columns, Packed Columns, Agitated columns, Podbielniak extractor. Distillation: VaporLiquidequilibrium Distillationmethods Equilibriumdistillation SimpleDistillation Fractional distillation Theory of batch fractionation, Columns (only construction and working)Plate columnsbubble cap, sieve plate column, Packed columns, Concept of plate efficiency and HETP (no detailedtheoriesandderivations) Distillation under reduced pressure Theory of molecular distillation and equipments Fallingfilm and centrifugal molecular distillation still, applications Azeotropic and Extractive distillation Theory of azeotropic and extractivedistillation,applicationssuchasdehydrationofalcohol. Steam distillation Theory of steam distillation and applications of steam distillation such as methods of separation of Volatile constituents and preparation of aromatic water, purification of high boilingliquids. Crystallization: Crystalformsandcrystalhabits Theory of crystallizationSupersaturationMiers 31 |P a g e Hours 2 6
S.No. 1. 2.
3.
4.
5 Theory of
5.
supersaturation,Nucleation,Crystalgrowth Crystallizers Classification, Tank crystallizers, Agitated tank crystallizers,SwensonWalkercrystallizer,Vacuumcrystallizerand its modifications such as circulating magma andDTB crystallizer, KrystalorOslocrystallizer. Cakingofcrystals. 6
Evaporation: Heattransferprocessinboilingliquidsinevaporators EvaporatorsPan evaporators, Horizontal tube evaporator, short tubeverticalevaporator,FallingfilmevaporatorForcedcirculation evaporator. Wiped film evaporator, Evaporator accessories condensers, vacuum pumps, expansion and bucket traps, Entertainment separators, Vapor recompression. Scale information. Drying: Mechanismandtheoryofdrying Dryertray dryer, vacuum tray dryer, tunnel dryer, Rotary drum dryer,Spraydryer,Freezedryer,Fluidisedbeddryer PollutionfromPharmaceuticalIndustry: Airpollutionandpreservation Wetscrubber,dustcollector. Waterpollution Bulk drug manufacture dirty water, acids and alkalis, dissolved salts,organicchemicals. Formulation manufacturing sterile product, liquid dosage forms, soliddosageform,fermentationproducts,radiologicalproducts. Waste treatment processes segregation, neutralization and pretreatment, dissolved salt removal, preaeration, biological treatment. Industrialhazardsandsafety: FireHazardsandextinguishers Chemicalhazardsandextinguishers Mechanicalandelectricalhazards Accidentsunsafeactionandunsafecondition Preventionofaccidents
6.
7.
8.
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. K.Sambhamurthy,PharmaceuticalEngineering,Newageinternational(p)limited publishers,1998. th Dr.A.R.Paradkar,IntroductiontoPharmaceuticalEngineering,10 edition,Nirali Prakashan,2007. JamesSwarbrick&JamesC.Boylon,EncyclopediaofPharmaceuticalTechnology, MarcelDekker,INC,NewYork,1994. WalterL.Badger&JuliusT.Bancherro,IntroductiontoChemicalEngineering,Mc. GrawHillInc.,1955. 32 |P a g e
5. 6. 7.
M.E.Aulton,Ed.PharmaceuticsTheScienceofDosagefromDesign,Churchill LivingstoneMedicalDivisionofLognmanGroup,UK,Ltd.,2002. th S.J.Carter,CooperandGunnsTutorialPharmacy,6 edition,CBSPublishers& Distributors,NewDelhi,2005. th RobertH.Perry,DonW.Green,PerrysChemicalEngineersHandbook,7 edition, DonW.Green,JamesO.Maloney,MacGrawHill,1997.
MATHEMATICSI
S.No.Topic 1.
3hrs/week
Hours 5
Differential Calculus: Successive Derivatives Lebnitzs rule forth derivative, Lagranges and Rolles mean value theorems (Statements only), Taylors and Maclaurins series (without proof) with application curvature. PartialDifferentiation:Functionsoftwoorthreevariables,changeof variables,applicationtoerrors,maximaandminima. Integral Calculus: Integration by parts,properties ofdefiniteintegrals and reductionformulaeDeterminationoflengthofthecurveareaand volume. Differentialequations: Formationofdifferentialequationssolutionof first order and first degree equations, linear differential equation of higher order with constant coefficients, simple application to chemical reactionsandbiopharmaceutics. Determinants and Matrices: Properties of determinants and applications,solutionofsimultaneousequationswiththreevariablesby Crammers method: Type of matrices, inverse of matrices, rank of a matrices,eigenvaluesandeigenvectors,CaleyHamiltontheorem.` Numerical Methods: Finite difference operators (delta and E), interpolationofequalintervalsNewtonsmethodandLagrangemethod: rd th NumericalintegrationTrapezoidalrule,Simpsons1/3 and3/8 rules.
2. 3.
3 8
4.
5.
6.
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
st Mathematicsforpharmacystudents(VolumeI):Gujar,K.N.BhavaleAshok1 Edition,Careerpublication. st DifferentialCalculus:Nareyan,S.1 Edition,S.chandPublication. rd AppliedMathematicsI,BaphanaR.M.,3 Edition,TechmaxPublication. th TextbookofAppliedMathematicsVolumeI&II,WartikarP.N.7 EditionPune VidyarthiGrihaPrakashan. st IntegralCalculus,ShantiNarayan,1 Editions,S.ChandPublication. th ATextbookofmatrices,Shantinarayan,10 Edition,S.ChandPublication.
PHARMACEUTICALANALYSISLABORATORYII
1.
3hrs/week
Preparationandstandardizationof0.05MEDTAand0.1Nperchloricacid. 33 |P a g e
2.
3.
4.
Redoxtitrationsassayofsodiumnitrite(KMnO4method).Assayofsodiumnitrite, assay of methyl paraben/ propyl paraben, determination of sulphur in sulphur ointment,assayofLugolssolution,assayofhydrogenperoxide,assayofisoniazid. Complexometric titrations Assay of aluminium hydroxide gel, determination of percentage of calcium and magnesium in a mixture, assay of calcium gluconate powderandinjection,assayofzinc.Sulphatepowder. +3 +2 +2 Gravimetric analysis Al as Aloxinate, Ba as BaSO4, Ni as Nidimethyl glyoxime.
Demonstrationexperiments:
1. Nonaqueous titrations assay of pyridoxine hydrochloride, assay of Norfloxacin/ Metronodazole,assayofchlorpromazinehydrochloride. 3hrs/week
PHARMACEUTICSLABORATORYII 1.
2.
3.
4. 5. 6.
SUSPENSIONS: (a.) Paediatric Kaolin Mixture B.P. 1980, (b.) Paediatric Chalk Mixture B.P. 1988, (c.) Calamine Lotion I.P. 66, (d.) Kaolin Poultice I.P. 66, (e.) Microscopic evaluation, rheology and sedimentation rate studies for any one of the abovesuspension. EMULSION: (a.) Liquid Paraffin Emulsion I.P. 66, (b.) White Liniment B.P.C., (c.) Turpentine Liniment I.P. 1966, (d.) Benzyl Benzoate Application I.P. 66, (e.) Microscopyofanyoftheaboveemulsion OINTMENTS: (a.) Simple Ointment I.P. 66, (b.) Sulphur Ointment I.P. 66 (Microscopic evaluation), (c.) Emulsifying Ointment I.P. 66, (d.) Benzoic Acid Ointment, Compound B.P.C 68, (e.) Iodine Ointment, Nonstaining B.P.C. 68, (f.) IodineOintment,NonstainingwithMethylSalicylateB.P.C.1968. CREAMS:(a.)CetrimideCreamB.P.1993. GELS:(a.)DiclofenacSodiumGel PASTES:(a.)TitaniumDioxidePaste.
COMPUTERLABORATOY
S.No. 1. Topic
4hrs/week
Hours 2
ComputerDevices a. InputandOutputdevices b. Secondarystorageunits c. MemoryROMandRAMVirtualmemory d. ALU,theControlUnit,andCPU e. Classification of Computers Microcomputers, personal computers, laptop computers, minicomputers, mainframes and supercomputers. OperatingSystems(OS) a. PurposeoftheOS b. ManagementfunctionsofOS c. ServicesprovidedbyOS d. TypesofOS e. UserinterfacescommandlineandGUI 34 |P a g e
2.
f. FeaturesoftheMSDOS,WindowsandUNIXOSes g. k.FeaturesoftheMSDOS,WindowsandUNIXOSes 3. TypesofComputerLanguage a. Needforinterpreter b. ComputerProgram c. Interpreter d. Compiler e. ClassificationofComputerLanguagesConventionaladvantages andlimitations f.VerybriefintroductiontoC++Language. IntroductiontoComputerNetworks a. WhatisaComputerNetwork b. NetworkingBasis c. CommontypesofNetworksLAN,WANandtheirvariations d. Networktopologiesbus,ring,star,mesh e. NetworkProtocols f. Network components Computers, communications medium, modem, repeater, hubs, switches, bridges, gateways, routers, andnetworkinterfacecards. AlgorithmsandFlowcharts a. Algorithm b. Characteristicsofalgorithm c. Writingalgorithms d. Flowchartsandsymbols,drawingaflowchart Divideandconquerstrategy IntroductiontoDatastructure a. Typesofdatastructures b. Arrays c. Structureorrecords d. Stack e. Queue f. LinkedLists g. Tree IntroductiontoDBMSandSQL a. FeaturesofDBMS b. Introduction to Relational Database Management Systems (DBMS) c. IntroductiontoIngresDBMS GeneralapplicationsofComputersinPharmaceuticalSciences. CONCEPTSOFNETWORKINGIntroductiontoNetworking,Typesof Networking(LAN,MAN,WAN,VWAN),Topologies,Requirementsfor usingNetworking,NetworkingTerminologies(Client,Server,Node, Terminalsetc.) IntroductiontoOperatingSystem,FeaturesofOperating systems,typesofoperatingsystems,Differencebetween 35 |P a g e 3
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. 9.
2 4hrs
10. WINDOWS 11. Session1 1
DosandWindows StartingandShutdownofPC,ScreenComponents, Notepad(FileMenu) NotepadCompletewithallmenus 12. Session2 13. Session3 14. Session4 WordPadFileandEditMenu WordPadcompletewithallmenus Paintalltools,Paintallmenuspaintcomplete CharacterMap,ControlPanel(Date&Time,Keyboard, Mouse,Display) Creationoffilesandfolders,movingfiles,copyingfiles, Recyclebin,Run,MyDocuments,MyComputer,Finding FilesandFolders,doubtsclearing. 1 1 1
15. MSOFFICE 16. (A)WORDPROCESSING 17. Session1 Introductiontopackage,language,MSofficeand introductiontowordFileandEditMenuViewmenu options. InsertmenuoptionsFormatfont(full),paragraphand changecaseFormatbulletsandnumbering,columns, bulletsandnumbering,bordersandshading,tabs. Tablemenufull,Toolsspellingandgrammar,thesaurus, mailmergewithsinglefield,multiplefieldandqueries options. Macro,autocorrect,letterwizard Envelopandlabels,windowmenuoptions Drawingtoolbaroptions,Drawingtoolbardrawoption. 1
18. Session2
19. Session3
20. Session4 21. Session5 (B) EXCEL Session1
1 1 1
Introductiontoscreen,components(database,spreadsheetand chart),useofexcel,autofill,fillhandlefeatures,calculatorwith= sign,sumandaveragefunction Editmenu,Viewmenu,Insetmenu Formatmenu,spellingandgrammar,protection,autocorrect,goal seek,macro,options(viewandcustomlists)Datasort,forms, subtotals,filters,pivottable. Windowmenucomplete,numericanddateandtimefunctions Numericfunctions:ABS,FACT,COUNT,COUNTBLANK, POWER,MOD,PRODUCT,MIN,MAX,QUOTIENTDateand timefunctions:NOW,TODAY,TIME Textfunctions:LOWER,UPPER,PROPER,MID,REPLACE, LEN,TRIM,CONCATENATE,LEFT,RIGHTLogicalfunction: AND,OR,NOT,EXACT. IntroductiontoPowerPoint,creatingpresentationwithauto contentwizard 36 |P a g e
Session2 Session3
1 1
Session4
Session5
(C)
POWERPOINT 1
Creatingpresentationwithdesigntemplate,customanimation, slidetransition,soundsandsongsinsertion Creatingdifferenttypesofblankpresentations PointstobenotedwhilecreatingPowerPointpresentations 1. NospellingMistakes 2. ProperClipartineachslide 3. ProperSlideTransitionEffects 4. ProperTextAnimationEffects ProperTimings INETERNETSYLLABUS Session1 TheoryofInternet,basicrequirementstoruninternet,website, domainname,subdomain,chatting,email,surfing,Surfingand creatingemailID Inbox,compose,sendingandreceivinggreetingcards,textfiles, imagesdownloading,searchengines(google,yahoo,Lycos, khojetc.) Chatting,yahoomessengerandotherthings. 1
Session2
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. BasicElectronicsandComputerApplications,RajivKhanna,NewAgeInternational Publishers,2007. IntroductiontoBiostatistics7ComputerScience,Y.I.Shah,A.R.Paradekar,M.G. rd Dhayagude,NiraliPrakashan,3 Ed.,2004. FundamentalsofComputers,V.Rajaraman,PrenticeHallofIndiaPvt.Ltd.,1986. SchaumsOutlineSeries.Theory&ProblemsofIntroductiontoComputerScience, byFrancisScheid,McGrawHillBookCo.,1983.
37 |P a g e
SEMSETERIV PHARMACOLOGYI
S.No. 1. Topic Generalprinciplesofpharmacology IntroductiontoPharmacology Routes of drug administration with special reference to their advantagesanddisadvantages Drugabsorption,distribution,metabolismandexcretion. Factorsmodifyingtheactionsofdrugs. DrugToxicityinhuman Toxiceffectsofdrugsondifferentsystems,organs&tissues. Mechanismofdrugaction: a)Briefintroductionofphysiologicalreceptors structuralandfunctionalfamilies cytoplasmicsecondmessengers b)drugreceptorinteraction doseresponserelationship drugantagonism Drugsusedinthedisordersofgastrointestinaltract Emetics,antiemetics&prokineticdrugs Purgatives&antidiarrheals,antispasmodics Drugsusedinthetreatmentofhyperacidity&pepticulceration Inflammatoryboweldiseases Drugsusedinhaematologicaldisorders Antiplateletagents Anticoagulants Thrombolyticagents Antianaemicdrugs
3hrs/week
Hours 13
2.
3.
4.
ReferenceBooks: 1. Goodman&GilmansPharmacologicalBasisofTherapeuticsJoelG.Hardman,Lee th E.Limbird,AlfredGoodmanGillman11 Edition,TheMcGrawHillCompaniesInc., 2001. th Satoskar, R. S.BhandarkarS. D.& Rege N. N. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 20 EditionPopularPrakashan,2007. th Rang&DalePharmacology5 Edition,ChurchillLivingstone2003. rd Lippincotts Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology Lippincott Raven 3 Edition Howland&NycetsPublishersNY,2006. th LewisPharmacologyByCrossland5 Edition,ChurchillLivingstone. th Laurence,D.R.&BennetClinicalPharmacology9 Edition,Elsevier,NY,2006. rd Kulkarni, S. K. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 3 Edition Vallabh PrakashanNewDelhi,2005.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
38 |P a g e
8. 9.
th B. G. Katzung Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 9 Edition Appleton and Lange publication,2004. rd Gosh M. N. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, 3 Edition, Hilton & Company,Calcutta,2005.
ORGANICCHEMISTRYIV
S.No. 1. Topic Introduction to free radical chemistry, stability and structure, generation offree radicals (thermal decomposition, photochemical methods, oxidationreduction, electrolysis), propagation of free radicals,terminationoffreeradicals,DiscussionofBirchreduction, Kolbeelectrolysis,Hunsdieckerreaction,Sandmeyerreaction. Peptide Chemistry, Chemistry of the peptide bond, methods of forming peptide bond including solid phase peptide synthesis, aminoacidprotectingagents. Organometallic chemistry: Introduction organomagnesium, organolithiumandsomemixedorganoboranes. Polymer Chemistry: Introduction to Polymers, polymer characteristics,properties,methodstodetermineproperties. Heterocyclic aromatics synthesis and reactions of five and six numberedringswithoneandtwoheteroatomslikepyrrole,oxazole, thiophene, furans, imidaxele, pyrazole, thickzole, isoreazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline and isoquinoline, pyrazine and indole.
3hrs/week
Hours 6
2.
3. 4. 5.
8 5 12
th OrganicChemistry,S.H.Pine,5 Ed.,TataMcGrawHillPublishingCo.Ltd.,2007. nd PrinciplesofOrganicSynthesis,R.O.Norman,2 Ed.,ChapmanandHall,1978. th OrganicChemistry,JohnMcMurry,5 Ed.,Brooks/Cole,ThomsonLearning,1999. th OrganicChemistry,FrancisCarey,5 Ed.McGrawHill th OrganicChemistry,Vols.1and2,I.L.Finar,5 Ed.,PearsonEducation,2005. th HeterocyclicChemistry,J.A.JouleandK.Mills,4 Ed.,BlackwellPublishing,2005.
BIOCHEMISTRYII
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 6
BiochemicalEnergetics:Conceptoffreeenergy,standardfreeenergyvs transformed free energy vs free energy for a reaction. Relationship of standard free energy to reaction equilibrium constant, concepts of enthalpy and entropy, introduction to first and second law of thermodynamics. Standard free energy changes of some important biologicalreactions.Conceptofoxidationreductionreactions,standard electrode potential, transformed standard electrode potential, standard 39 |P a g e
electrodepotentialsofsomebiologicalimportantredoxcouples. 2. ConceptofhighenergyphosphatebondandATPasacarrierofenergy. Conceptofoxidationstatesofcarbonindifferentcompounds.Introduction tothetermsmetabolism,anabolismandcatabolism. Digestion of food and absorption of monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids into circulation. Fate of absorbed nutrients and relationship with regard to immediate use, storage, rerelease and interconversion. Roleofdifferentorgansintheseprocessespeciallyliver,kidney,muscle, adipose,tissue,brainandrbcs. Carbohydratemetabolism:Discussionofglycolysis,reversalofglycolysis, glycogen synthesis and breakdown, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA + cycle, glyoxalate shunt, gluconeogenesis, NADH/ NAD shuttles, with respect to the location, intermediates, enzymes, energy yield and regulation. Examples of drugs related to carbohydrate metabolism modulation. Lipid metabolism: Discussion of the oxidation and biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fats with respect to location, intermediates, enzymes, energy yields or requirements, and regulation, formation of ketonebodies,acetatemevalonatepathway,biosynthesisofcholesterol. Examplesofdrugsthatarerelatedtolipidmetabolismmodulation. Electron transport chain: Components of the ETC oxidative phosphorylation vs substrate level phosphorylation, comparison of this with photosynthesis and photophosphorylation, absorption of light by chlorophyll and energy conservation. Discussion of proton motive force andgenerationofATPbyuseprotongradients.Examplesofsometoxins thatinterferewithETC. Nucleic acid metabolism: Discussion of biosynthesis of purines and pyridines with respect tolocation,intermediate, enzymes, cofactors, and regulation, Salvage pathways for nucleic acids. Example of drugs interferingwiththesepathways. 3
3.
4.
13
5.
6.
7.
th Lehninger, Principles ofBiochemistry, 4 Ed., Nelson D. L. and Cox M. M. Replika PressPvt.Ltd.,India,2007. rd Biochemistry,StryerL,3 Ed.,W.H.Freeman&Co.,1988. th HarpersBiochemistry,25 Ed.,Eds.MurrayR. K.GrannerD.K.,MayesP.A.and RodwellV.W.AppletonandLange,USA,2000. th OutlinesofBiochemistry,5 Ed.,Eds.ConnE.Stumpfp.K.BrueningGandDoiRoy H.,JohnWiley&Sons,USA,1987. th Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 5 Ed., Ed. Devlin T. M.Wiley Liss,USA,2002.
DISPENSINGCHEMISTRY
S.No. Topic 40 |P a g e
3hrs/week
Hours
1. 2. 3.
DefinitionofCompoundingandDispensing Prescription and its parts: Different types of prescriptions, prescriptionpricing,recordingofprescription Calculations: various calculations involved in compounding and dispensing such as weights and measures % calculations, dilutions and concentrations, isotonic solutions, HLB value calculation,posology,imperialsystemofweightsandmeasures. Basicprinciplesincompoundingand dispensing:Typesofdosage forms, formulation of dispensed products, storage and stability of products, containers and closures for products. Labeling of dispensedproductsPreparationofstocksolutionsLatintermsand abbreviations. CompoundingandDispensingaspectsof solutions (for oral use, external use, for body cavities), suspensions, emulsionsandcreams, ointments,pastes,gels, suppositories,pessaries, powders,granules,lozenges,pastilles,pills,tablets,capsule,tablet, triturate,etc. Incompatibilities Prepackaging,Dispensingofproperties
1 4 8
4.
5.
2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. CooperandGunnsDispensingforPharmaceuticalstudentsTwelftheditionEditedby S.J.CarterIndianeditionCBSPublishers,Delhi1987. Pharmaceutical Practice Edited by D. M. Collett and M.E. Aulton, Churchill LivingstoneELBSedition,1991. PharmaceuticalPracticeEditedbyA.J.WinfieldandR.M.F.Richards,Secondedition ChurchillLivingstone,1998. PharmaceuticalPracticeEditedbyA.J.Winfieldand R.M.E.Richards,ThirdEdition, ChurchillLivingstone,2004. Husas Pharmaceutical Dispensing, Edited by Eric Martin, Sixth edition, Mack PublishingCompany,1966. PharmaceuticalCalculationsbyH.C.AnselandM.J.Stoklosa,LippincottWilliams andWilkins,2006. Pharmaceutical Calculations by Bradley, Gustafson and Stoklosa, Third Edition, LeaandFebiger,1957.
MATHEMATICSII(FUNDAMENTALSOFSTATISTICS)
S.No. 1. 2. Topic Measures of central tendency: Arithmetics mean, median and mode Measureofdispersion:Range,quartiledeviationmeandeviation 41 |P a g e
3hrs/week
Hours 08 18
and standard deviation, Coefficients of variation, moments, skewness, and kurtesis, moments generating, Probability expectations and variance, binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions,Fittingofcurvebythemethodofleastsquare. 2 h X bX {Y=a+bX:Y=a+bX+cX ,Y=aX ,Y=ab ,Y=ac } 3. Sampling distributionfor mean and Proportion: Test ofhypothesis for specified values of means and proportion for large samples, Testingequalityoftwomeansandproportions,Studentsttestfor single sample and paired observation. FTest and analysis of variance,testingofattributes,Chisquaredistribution. 10
th Fundamentalsofstatistics:Gupta,S.C.6 EditionHimalayapublication. Mathematics for pharmacy students (VolI), Gujor K. N. Bhavale Ashok Edition, careerpublication. st Measurement, statistics of computation C. Cormich D., 1 Edition, John Wiley & Sons. st BiostatisticsinpharmaceuticalIndustry,Buncher,R.C.1 Edition,MatcelDeckerInc. th VogelsTextbookofQuantitativeChemicalAnalysis,Mendham,J.R.C.Denney,6 Edition,PearsonEducationPvt.Ltd.
PSYCHOLOGYANDSOCIOLOGY
3hrs/week
Note: All relevant topics can be dealt with special reference to the Pharmaceutical Industry
Psychology
S.No. 1. Topic Nature, Definition of PsychologyIntroduction subfields of Psychology, IndustrialPsychology, OrganizationalBehaviorNatureScopeGoals. 2. PersonnelSelection OccupationalInformationuses PersonnelSpecifications Jobanalysis Selectiontechniques:ApplicationBlanksBiodata Interviews Psychologicaltests (Intelligencetests,Aptitudetests,Personalitytests) 3. WorkMotivation: Theories (Maslows Herbergs, Vrooms, Equity Theory), Ways to 42 |P a g e 4 2 Hours 2
motivate people in organizations Financial and nonfinancial Incentive, Jobsatisfaction. 4. 5. 6. LeadershipTrailtheoryofleader,leadershipskills,leadershipstyles Fielderscontingencymodel. TeamandTeambuilding Accidentcauses Accidentpreventionsafetymeasures 7. OrganizationalchangeResistance, Overcomingresistance,Continuousandepisodicchange 4 2 2 2 2
SOCIOLOGY
S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Topic Conceptof:Therelevanceofsociologytoindustry,Socialadjustment ofworkers Communicationitslevelsandtypes. Science, technology, industry and society: Impact, Role, Problems (withspecialreferencetoPharmaceuticalIndustry) Sociology of Medicine in India: an approach. The best of both the worldbringing traditional medicine uptodate. Who chooses modern medicine and why? Man, medicine and environment. Allopathic medicineinIndia.Classcompositionofmedicalstudents.Itsrelevance toPharmacyPharmaceuticalMarketing. IndustrialDemocracy:Workersparticipationinmanagement. Hours 3 3 3 6
5.
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. SociologybyAnthonyGiddnes IndustrialRelationbyP.B.Mammudity SociologybyHarrambus SociologyChangebyKappuSwami Man,MedicineandEnvironmentReneDuBos(1969) OrganizationalBehaviorHumanBehavioratworkByNewStromandKeithDavis OrganizationalBehaviorBySujaNair,HimalayaPublishingCompany IndustrialPsychologyandSociologyByMilindWagh,CareerPublication IndustrialPsychologyandSociologyByB.V.Pathak,NiraliPrakashan
ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGYANDPATHPHYSIOLOGYIV
S.No. 1. Topic CardiovascularSystem Functionalanatomyofheart conductingsystemofheart cardiaccycle,Electrocardiogram(ECG) 43 |P a g e
3hrs/week
Hours 12
Functionalanatomyofbloodvessels Bloodpressureandfactorsregulatingbloodpressure Baroreceptors,chemoreceptorsvasomotorcenter HumoralandNeuronalControlofBloodPressureandcirculation. Enterohepaticcirculation 2. DefinitionandEtiologyoffollowingdiseasesindetail Hypertension CongestiveCardiacFailure CardiacArrhythmia AnginaPectoris IschemicHeartDisease Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis Varicoseveins,Hemorrhoids Urinarysystem: AnatomyandPhysiologyofUrinarySystem Formationofurine Waterbalance,electrolytebalance&acidbasebalance Formationofbodyfluidsandfluidcompartments. DefinitionandEtiologyoffollowingdiseasesindetail Renalfailure Glomerulonephritis Renalcalculi/Kidneystones UrinaryTractInfections(UTI) 10
3.
4. 5.
4 4
ReferenceBooks:
th Ross&WilsonAnatomy&PhysiologyinHealth&Illness,10 Edition,AnneWaugh, AlisonGrant,ChurchillLivingstoneElsevier,2006. th 2. Tortora & Grabowaski Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, 11 Edition, J. Wiley & Sons,2007. th 3. Guyton&HallTextbookofmedicalPhysiology,6 Edition,HarcourtSingapore,2001. th 4. B. R. Mackenna & R. Callander Illustrated Physiology, 6 Edition, N. Y. Churchill Livingstone,1997. 5. Kaplan,Jack,Opheim,Toivola,LyonClinicalChemistry:Interpretation&Techniques, th 4 Edition,Williams&WilliamsLondon1995. 6. PrafulB.Godkar,DarshanP.GodkarTextbookofMedicinalLaboratoryTechnology, nd 2 Edition,BhalaniMumbai2006. 7. RusselJ.Greene&NormanD.HarrisPathology&TherapeuticsforPharmacists:A nd BasisforClinicalPharmacyPractice,2 EditionPharmapress,NY,2000. 8. Ranade&JoshiManualofPracticalPhysiology,PuneVidyarthiGruhaPrakashan. 9. Eric Herfindal, Dick Gourley, Textbook of Therapeutics: Drug and Diseases th Management,7 Edition,LippincottWilliams&Wilkins.A.WoltersKluversCompany. th 10. Cotran,KumarandCollins,RobinsPathologicBasisofdiseases,6 Edition,W.B. SaundersCompany. 11. The Merck Manual of medical Information, Home Edition, Merck Research Laboratories,DivisionofMerck&Co.Inc.WhiteHouseStation,N.J.,1997.
1.
44 |P a g e
ORGANICCHEMISTRYLABORATORYII
4hrs/week
Techniques in Organic Chemistry: Quantitative separation of binary organic mixture by physicalandchemicalmethodsmixtureofdifferenttypesincludingcompoundswithmore thanonefunctionalgrouptobegiven,completecharacterizationifindividualcomponents including physical constants followed by preparation of suitable derivative. Purification techniques solvent selection for recrystallisation, recrystallization techniques, simple distillation,fractionaldistillation,steamdistillation.
DISPENSINGPHARMACYLABORATORY
1.Solutions
4hrs/week
1.ZincChloride&ZincsulphatemouthwashBPC 2.KMnO4 solution 3.SodiumBicarbonateEarDropsBP 4.PediatricFerrousSulphateSolutionBP1988 5.CalamineLotionIP 6.Menthol&EucalyptusInhalation 7.ArachisOilEmulsion 8.CalciferolEmulsion 9.OilyCalamineLotionBP1980/BenzoylBenzoate ApplicationBP1988/Whiteliniment 10.SulphurointmentBPC/Calamine&CoalTarOintment/ WhitfieldsOintment 11.Zinc&CoalTarPaste/TitaniumDioxidepaste 12.LubricatingJelly 13.MedicatedCream 14.HyoscineHBrPowder 15.SeidlitzPowder 16.MgTrisilicateOralPowderBP1988/DustingPowder 17.EffervescentGranuales 18.IsapghulGranuales 19.BoricAcid/Riboflavin 20.ChlordiazepoxideCapsules 21.CompoundRhubarbPillsBPC1960/Potassium PermanganatePills 22.MedicatedPastilles 23.BromptonCough,Lozenge/BismuthCarbonate Lozenges 24.CompoundBismuthSubgallateSuppositoriesBP1980 25.Eutecticmixture
2.Suspensions 3.Emulsion
4.Ointment 5.Paste 6.Gels 7.Cream 8.Powders
9.Granules 10.Tablettriturates 11.Capsules 12.Pills 13.Pastilles 14.Lozenges 15.Suppositories 16.Incompatibility 17.Prepackaging
45 |P a g e
BIOCHEMISTRYLABORATORYI Quantitativetestforcarbohydratesconfirmatorytestsbyosazoneformation
4hrs/week
QuantitativeestimationofglucosebyWillstatesandLaneandEynonmethod,estimationof sucrose: Simple colour reactions of proteins and amino acids, precipitation reactions of proteins Determinationofacidvalue,iodinevalueandsapvalueoflipids Enzymes:Ptylineactivityofsaliva
46 |P a g e
SYLLABUSCOPYFORTHIRDYEARB.PHARM SEMSETERV PHARMACEUTICALMEDICINALCHEMISTRYI

S.No. 1. 2. Topic Physiochemicalpropertiesanddrugaction Metabolism Discussion of the following classes of drugs including, classification, chemical nomenclature, structure including stereochemistry, generic names, chemistry, physiochemical properties, SAR, metabolism, molecularmechanismofaction,introductiontorationaldevelopmentif any,oftheclassofdrugs. Chemotherapeuticagents a. Antitubercular agents PAS*, ethonamide, isonamide, pyrazinamide, ethambutol*, antitubercular antibiotics (streptomycin, rifampin,viomycin and cycloserine thefirst three onlyhighlights of structuretobediscussed). Combinationtherapy. b.Antileproticdrugsdapsone*andclofazimine Antimalarials Natural products like cinchona alkaloids (with stereochemistry and drug action) and artemisinin and its derivatives like artether and artemether and artesunate. Synthetic antimalarials suchas8aminoquiacridineseg.Primaquine,Quinolinemethanolseg mefloquine:misc,likehalofantrineandlumefantrine:DHFRinhibitors like pyrimethamine* and cycloguanil and sulfonamides like sulfodoxine,sulfadiazine*,andsulfalene.Combinationtherapy. AntifungalagentsNaturalproductslikegriseofulvin,amphotericinB and nystatin (later two only general aspects of structure related to activity) and the antifungal azoles like clotrinazole, ketoconazole, fluconazoleanditraconazole. Antibacterialagents a. Antibiotics penicillins (natural and semisynthetic penicillins likePenicillinG,PenicillinV,ampicillin*,amoxicilline*,oxacillin, nafcillin, methacillin and ampicillin prodrugslike bacampicillin and pivampicillin), cephalosporins (cephalexin, cephalothin, cefaxitin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefepine and cefpirome) tetracycline,chlortetracycline,oxytetracycline,doxycyclineand miocycline and its prodrug rolitetracycline) macrolides (erythromycin,rocithromycin,azithromycinonlyhighlightsof structure to be discussed) aminopglycosides (gentamicins andneomycinsonlyhighlightsofstructuretobediscussed) Chloramphenicol. b. Sulfonamides Short, intermediate and long acting sulfonamides,sulfonamidesforophthalmicinfections,forburn 47 |P a g e
3hrs/week
Hours 4 6
3.
4.
5.
6.
10
therapy and for intestinal infections, ulcerative colitis and for reductionofbowelflora. c. Fluroquinolones like norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin*, sparfloxacin, gatifloxacin d. Oxazolidinediones
1 *indicatessynthesistobediscussed ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. WilsonandGisvoldsTextbookofOrganicMedicinalandPharmaceuticalChemistry, th 11 Ed.,Eds.JohnHBlockandJohnMBeale,LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,2004. Foyes Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Eds., T. L. Lemke and D. A. Williams, Williams&Wilkins,Baltimore,2002. th Medicinal Chemistry, Ashutosh Kar, 4 Edition, New Age International Publishers, 2007. The Art of drug Synthesis, Eds. Douglas S Johnson and Jie Jack Li, Wiley Interscience,2007. PharmaceuticalChemistry,Vol.EDrugSynthesisEds.H.J.Roth,A.KleemanandT. Beissewenger,EllisHorwoodLtd.,1988/ TheOrganicChemistryofDrugSynthesis,DanielLednicer,Vols.1to7,Wiley.
BIOCHEMISTRYIII
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 8
DNA replicator: Details of DNA replication, difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, telomeres and telomerases DNA polymorphisms and single nucleotide polymorphism. Examples with DNAorinterferingwithDNAreplication. Solid phase DNA synthesis, DNA sequence (MaximGilbert method, SangerdideoxymethodandautomationofDNAsequencing) Protein Biosynthesis: Details of DNA transcription and RNA Protein, difference between prokaryote and eukaryotes, concepts of introns and exons and intron splicing, concept of posttranslational modifications(examplesofglycosylatedproteins,conjugatedproteins, insulin).Examplesofproteinsynthesisinhibitorsusedasdrugs. Solid phase peptide synthesis, Edman reaction based protein sequencinganditsautomation. Enzyme kinetics: Classification of enzymes. Effects of enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, pH on enzyme reactions. General mechanisms of enzyme catalysis acid base catalysis, oxidationreductions, proximity effects, transition state theory, etc. Michaclis Menten equation and meanings of Km and Vmax and identification of inhibition patterns via LWB and Eadic 48 |P a g e
2.
3.
Hofsteeplots.Examplesofdrugsthatenzymeinhibitors. 4. Metabolic regulation: Brief description of the following: Enzyme compartmentalization, kinetic factors, modification of enzymes for regulation, cascade systems, repression and induction of enzymes andtheirregulationviamodulationoftranscriptionandtranslation. 8
th Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 4 Ed., Eds. Nelson D. L and Cox M. M. ReplikaPressPvt.Ltd.,India,2007. rd Biochemistry,StryerL.,3 Ed.,W.H.Freeman& Co.,1988. th Harpers Biochemistry, 25 Ed., Murray R. K., Granner D. K., Mayes P. A. and RodwellV.W.,AppletonandLange,USA,2000. th Outlines of Biochemistry, 5 Ed., Eds. Conn E. Stumpf P. K., Bruening G and Doi RoyH.JohnWiley&Sons,USA,1987. th Textbook ofBiochemistry with ClinicalCorrelations, 5 Ed.,Ed.Devlin T. M.,Wiley Liss,USA,2002.
PHARMACOGNOSYI
S.No. 1. 2. Topic Origin,scopeandhistoryofPharmacognosy
3hrs/week
Hours 2 2
Literature and information about official and related text available aboutherbalsanddrugsofnaturaloriginconceptofauthenticationof crudedrugs Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine, namely, ayurveda, unani, siddha, Chinese etc. and nutraceuticals,cosmeticetc. Introduction to medicinal botany with respect to barks, wood, root, fruit, seed, flower, leaves etc. Methods of classification and their significance in the study of drugs of natural origin (alphabetical, biological, chemical, taxonomical, chemataxonomical, and pharmacological)andsourcesofdrugsofnatureorigin(Plant,animal, mineralandmarinewithoneexampleofeachclass). Pharmacognosyofcrudedrugs Cultivation,collection,preparation,drying,storage,andqualitycontrol of drugs of natural origin. Commerce and trade of drugs of natural origin. Methods of extraction (percolation, maceration, soxchlet etc.) of different classesofphytochemicalsfrom crude drugs.Introduction to newertechniquesofextraction. Primary and secondary metabolites and their biosynthetic pathways. Study of terpenoids, fixed oils, shikimic acid pathway, acetate hypothesisandpolyketideswithoneexampleofeachclass. Plant cell structure with respect to cell organelles and cell contents 49 |P a g e
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
suchasstarchgrains,calciumoxalatecrystals,idoblastsetc. 9. Introductiontoplanttissuecultureanditstechniqueand applications plantgrowthregulatorsandhormones. 3
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. TreaseD.&EvansW.C.:TextBookofPharmacognosy:W.B.Saunders. TylerV.E.BradyL.R.&RobbersJ.E.:PharmacognosyLeaFeibger,USA. WallisT.E.TextBookofPharmacognosyCBSPublishers,Delhi. Kokate C. K., Purohit A. P. & Gokhale S. B.: Pharmacognosy Nirali Publications, Pune. Harbone J. B.: Phytochemical Methods: A guide to modern techniques Analysis: Chapman&Hall,London. BrunctonJ.:Pharmacognosy,Phytochemistry,MedicinalPlants:InterceptLimited. VasudevanT.N.&LaddhaK.S.:ATextbookof Pharmacognosy,VrindaPublication House,Jalgaon. TheIndianPharmacopeia:TheControllerofPublicationDelhi. BrainK.R.&TurnerT.D.:ThePracticalEvaluationofPhytopharmaceuticals:Wright, Scientica,Bristol. IyengerM.A.&NayakS.G.:AnatomyofCrudeDrugs:ManipalPowerPressManipal. IyengerM.A.:PharmacognosyofPowderedDrugsManipalPowerPress,Manipal. KokateC.K.:PracticalPharmacognosyVallabhPrakashan. Wagner,Bladt&ZgainskiplantDrugAnalysisSpringerVerlag. Khandelwal K. R.: Practical Pharmacognosy Techniques and Experiments Nirali Prakashan,Pune. Vasudevan T. N. Laddha K. S.: Practical Pharmacognosy New Vrinda Publishing House,Jalgaon.
PHARMACEUTICSIV
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 2 3 7
Tablets DefinitionAdvantagesandLimitationsPreformulationaspects Tablet formulation and design additives excipients with examples Largescalemanufacturingwithequipmentsfordrying,mixing, Direct compression, Granulation, Dry Granulation (Slugging AndRollerCompaction) Compression(SinglestationtabletpressandRotarypress), Physicsoftabletcompression(brief),Processingproblems,in tabletting,Layoutoftabletsection. Tablet types: Effervescent, Buccal, Iozenges, chewable, sublingual, Dispersible, soluble, Orodispesible Q. C. of Tablets. Capsules 50 |P a g e
4 6
2.
HardcapsulesRawmaterials,gelatinmanufacturing(brief), manufacturing of hard capsule shells, size, sealing, storage, Mention of gelatin substitute vegetarian capsules, Hard capsule fill formulation aspects, Large scale manufacturing fillingofhardcapsuleshells,fillingequipmentswithexamples (stressorprincipleofequipments),Packagingstrip&Blister packagingequipments.Q.C.tests,Layoutofcapsulesection. Soft Gelatin Capsules Raw material Gelatin desirable properties, Soft Capsule properties, nature of shell & contents, Large scale manufacturing Rotary Die Process PackagingQ.C.tests. 5
3.
Acrosols Definition,advantages&disadvantages,desirablefeatures. Components Prepellantstypes, selection, two phase & three phase systems. Containers Tin Plate, Aluminum, Glass, Plastics, Valve, & Actuator Standard valve (detail) & specialized valves (in brief), Product concentrate Different formulationsystemssolution,Dispersions,FoamsPowders.
nd AultonMichaelE.,PharmaceuticsTheScienceofDosageFormDesign,2 Edition, 2002,ChurchillLivingstonePublishers. LiebermanHerbertA.,LachmanLeon,Schwartz/JosephB.,PharmaceuticalDosage rd FormsTablets,Volume1/2/3,3 Edition,2005,MarcelDekkerInc.,NewYork. LachmanLeon,LiebermanHerbertA,KanigJosephL.,TheTheoryandPracticeof rd IndustrialPharmacy,3 Edition1987,VarghesePublishingHouse,Mumbai. th E.A.Rawlins,Ed.,BentleysTextbookofPharmaceutics,8 Edn,BallierweTindall, 1995. Ridgways K., Hard capsules Development & Technology, Pharmaceutical Press London,1987.
HOSPITALPHARMACYANDDRUGSTOREMANAGEMENT
S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
Hospital pharmacy history and development, Duties and responsibilitiesofhospitalpharmacist. Hospitals,classification,organization,Administrationandfunctions. Pharmacy and therapeutics committee: Objective, composition and function Hospitalformulary:Advantage,disadvantage,preparation,contentsa fewexamples. Purchasingprocedure,storageandinventorycontrol Dispensingofcontrolledsubstances:Hospitalcontrolprocedures Prepackaging,manufacturingandbulkcompoundingoflargevolume 51 |P a g e
parenterals,totalparenteralnutritionandintravenousadditives. 8. Central sterile service: Advantages, plan, location, Sterilization and disposalofsurgicalmaterials.Sterilizationofrubbergloves,syringes, needles,catheters,surgicalinstruments,powdersandothermaterials. Medicalgases:Therapeuticuseofgasescolourcodingofcylinders, careofcylindersandaccessories. Health accessories: Wheel chairs, canes, crutches, bedpans, vaporizers, syringes, needles, clinical thermometers, first aid suppliers. Clinical applications of radiopharmaceuticals: Introduction to particulate radiation, half life, therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals,andfacilitiesrequiredprotectionofoperators. Useofcomputersinhospitals IntroductiontoPharmacyPractice PharmacyTradeorProfession ReorientationfromProducttoPatientFocus CodeofEthicsforaPharmacist CommunityPharmacy:ScopeinIndiaandAbroad Channelsofdistribution Wholesalers & Retailers and Their role. Classification, FunctionsandServices. FormsofbusinessOrganization(inbrief) Hindu Undivided family, Sole proprietorship, Partnership, Company andCooperativeSociety. Entrepreneurship: Trails of Entrepreneur and Development as an Entrepreneur Locationanalysis LayoutDesign(ExteriorandInterior) PurchasingandinventoryControl (Methods, restricted to retail only viz., Want Book, Systematic Want Book,OpentoBuyBudgeting,ABC,VEDandEOQAnalysis.Useof computersforinventorycontrol) SalesPromotion RiskManagement&InsurancePoliciesforShopkeeper FraudsinRetailPractice:Howtopreventthem 2
9. 10.
1 1
11.
12. 13.
1 1
14. 15. 16.
1 2 2
17.
18. 19. 20. 21.
1 1 1 2
22. 23. 24.
1 1 1
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PrinciplesandmethodsofpharmacymanagementSmith,LeaandFebiger. DrugstoreandmanagementNolenandmaynard,McgrawHill,1941. ATextbookofpharmacymanagementTomiski(Kuganpage). DrugStoreandBusinessManagementA.P.Battase,UniquePublication. BattaseUniquePublication,1999. th Hospitalpharmacy:WilliamE.Hassan,5 Edition,Lea&Febiger,Philadelphia. 52 |P a g e
6. 7. 8.
th AtextbookofHospital:S.H.MerchantandDr.J.S.Quadry,4 Edition,B.S.Shah Prakakshan,Ahmadabad,2001. Hospital Pharmacy: Dr. H. P. Tipnis and Dr. Amrita Bajaj, First Edition, Career Publication,Maharashtra,2007. th Gennaro Alfonso R., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20 Edition,2000,PublishedLippincottWilliams&Wilkins.
PHARMACEUTICALBIOTECHNOLOGY
S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 1 1 2 12
Introduction to Biotechnology, Historical Perspectives, Definitions, Scope,RelevancetoPharmaIndustry Microbiological Limit testsNeed, Standards for raw materials of naturalorigin(pharmacopoeialwithsomeexamples) MicrobiologicalassaysBasicprinciples,someexamples. Immunology Hostmicrobe interactions, Introduction to termsinfection, infestation,pathogen,resistance,susceptibilityetc. Factorsaffectingpathogenicityandinfection,organizationof immunesystemorgans&cellsinvolved. Innate defence mechanism first line of body defence, physiological phenomenainflammatory response, fever, cellular, mediators soluble (humoral) mediators, phagocytosis. Specific Defence Mechanism Characteristics, Antigen, Cellmediated immunity, Humoral immunityantibody structure and types, Pathways of immune response, Clonal selectiontheory Hypersensitivity&Allergy ImmunodeficiencystatesPrimary&acquired,Autoimmunity. Introductiontodiagnosticmarkers. Serologyprecipitin tests, agglutinin, complement fixation. Tests,immunoflueroscence,RIA,ELISA Immunological productsVaccines & Sera Definitions and Classification, Outline of general method of preparation of bacterial&viralvaccines,TypicalExamplesofeachtype,Q. C.aspects,Recenttrendsinvaccines. FermentationTechnology Example of products of fermentation (microbial, animal and plant), types of fermenters, design of fermenter, factors affecting fermentation and down stream process, Production of penicillin, dextram, amylase, Introduction to single cell protein, biological oxygendemand. IntroductiontorDNAtechnology Details of restrictions endonuclease, SI nuclease, Ligase, Alkaline phosphatase, Vectors (Plasmid, cosmid, YAC), Gene expression 53 |P a g e
5.
6.
(Bacterial expression system, Yeast expression system, animal expressionsystem,Plantexpressionsystem) Application of rDNA technology for production of Pharmaceutical productse.g.Insulin,humangrowthhormone,interferon 7. Techniquesusedinmolecularbiology Introductionto polymerase chain reaction, DNAsequencing, cDNA library,genomiclibrary,blottingtechniques,electrophoresis. Introduction to gene therapy, transgenic animal and transgenic plants,Sitedirectedmutagenesis. Definition of enzyme and cell immobilization, methods for enzyme immobilization (adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, matrices withexample),exampleofimmobilization,introductiontobiosensor withimmobilizedenzymee.g.glucoseoxidase,penecillinase. 4
8. 9.
2 3
10. Introductionto Hybridomatechnology Production andapplication of monoclonal antibody, animal cell culture with diagnostic applications ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
AtextbookofbiotechnologybyR.C.Dubey. BiotechnologybyB.D.Singh. PharmaceuticalBiotechnologybyS.P.Vyasanddixit PharmaceuticalBiotechnologybyS.S.Kori. BiotechnologybyH.D.Kumar. AtextbookofmicrobiologybyAnanthnarayan. PharmaceuticalMicrobiologybyW.B.HugoandA.D.Russell. LehningerprincipleofBiochemistrybyDavid,Nelson. Pelezar, Chan & Krieg, MicrobiologyConcepts and Applications, International Edn., McGrawHill,Inc.,1993. th 10. WeirStewart:Immunology,8 Edn.,ChurchillLivingstone,1997.
PHARMACOLOGYII
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 6
2.
IntroductiontoChemotherapy Basicprinciplesofchemotherapy Mechanismofactionofchemotherapyagents Mechanismofresistancetochemotherapeuticagents Antibacterialdrugs SulfonamidesandTrimethoprim Quinolones&Fluoroquinolones Penicillins,cephalosporins&cefamycins&otherlactumantibiotics Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Aminoglycosides Erythromycin 54 |P a g e
Macrolides 3. Chemotherapyoffollowingdiseases Amoebiasis Malaria Helminthiasis e. Tuberculosis&leprosy f. Fungalinfection g. Viraldisease h. Cancer Drugsusedinendocrinedisorders Antidiabeticagents Antithyroidagents Oxytocies Oralcontraceptives BoneMetabolism&DrugsusedinOsteoporosis (BoneStructure & Composition, Bone Remodeling,disordersof Bone andDrugsusedinTreatments) 12
4.
10
ReferenceBooks: 1. Goodman&GilmansPharmacologicalBasisofTherapeuticsJoelG.Hardman,Lee th E.Limbird,AlfredGoodmanGillMan11 Edition,TheMcGrawHillCompaniesInc., 2001. th Satoskar,R.S.BhandarkarS.D.&RegeN.N.Pharmacology&Therapeutics20 Edition,PopularPrakashan,2007. th Rang&DalePharmacology,5 Edition,ChurchillLivingstone,2003. rd Lippincotts Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology Lippincott Raven 3 Edition Howland&NycetsPublishersNY,2006. th LewisPharmacologyByCrossland5 Edition,ChurchillLivingstone th Laurence,D.R.&BennetClinicalPharmacology9 Edition,Elsevier,N.Y.,2006. rd Kulkarni, S. K. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 3 Edition Vallabh PrakashanNewDelhi,2005. th B. G. Katzung Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 9 Edition Appleton and Lange publication,2004. rd Gosh M. N. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, 3 Edition, Hilton & Company,Calcutta,2005.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
PHARMACEUTICALCHEMISTRYLABORATORYI
4hrs/week
Introduction/transformationoffunctionalgroupsinmolecules 1. Acetylation(synthesisofaspirin&acetanilideorbenzanilide) 2. Bromination(synthesisofpbromoacetanilideorpnitrobromobenzene) 3. Nitration(synthesisofpnitroacetanilideormdinitrobromobenzene) 4. Oxidation(synthesisofbenzoicbyoxidationoftolueneorbenzylalcoholwithalkaline potassiumpermanganate) 5. Bromination(synthesisofsodiumtoluenepsulfonateorpNylenesulfonateacid) 55 |P a g e
6.
7.
Reduction(Ketones,synthesisofbenzhydrolbyreductionofbenzophenonewithzinc and sodium hydroxide) or synthesis of mnitroaniline by partial reduction of m dinitrobenzenewithsodiumpolysulfide. Esterification (synthesis of nbutylacetate from nbutanol and acetic acid) DemonstrationofreactionmonitoringbyTLC.
PHARMACUTICSLABORATOYIII
4hrs/week
1.A) Evaluation of excipientsbulking agent, directly compressible diluents, conventional Bulkdensity,flowproperties,compressibilityanddiscussionofobservations B) Evaluationofexcipientsdisintegratingagents Swellingindexdeterminationanddiscussionofobservations. C) EvaluationofexcipientsoftabletLubricantsglidents 2. GranulationforSolubleaspirintabletsIPandevaluation 3. GranulationcompressionandevaluationRiboflavinintabletIP96 4. Granulation,compressionandevaluationofChewableantacidtablets. 5. GranulationandCompressionofAscorbicacidtabletsIP96 6. Granulation,compressionandevaluationofParacetamoltabletsIP96 7. DissolutiontestforparacetamoltabletsIP. 8. Evaluation of Capsule shells, filling of ampicillin trihydrate capsules and their evaluation.
BIOCHEMISTRYLABORATORYII
4hrs/week
Colorimetricestimationofbloodsugar,bloodcholesterol EstimationofproteinbyBiuretmethodandFolinCiocalteaumethod EstimationofRNA EstimationofVitaminEandVitaminC Extraction of enzymes, Partial purification by alcohol, acetone precipitation, ammonium sulphate precipitation, Study of factors affecting rate of an enzymatic reactions: Effect of activators,inhibitors,orrateofenzymaticreaction,DeterminationofKm ofanyoneenzyme, Assay of alkaline phosphatase, amylase, protease, polyphenol, oxidase, lipase Chromatographicseparationofaminoacids.
PHARMACEUTICALBIOTECHNOLOGYLABORATORY
AirMicrobiologybysolidandliquidimpingementmethods ColiformCountofwaterbyMPNtechnique TestforSterilityasperIP
4hrs/week
Microbial Limit testonExcipientsasper I.P. Hard Gelatin Capsule Shells, Tragacanth, Starch,Lactose Studiesonselectivemedia:McConkeyAgar,CetrimideAgar,VogelJohnsonandMedium forStyphi 56 |P a g e
AntibioticSensitivitytestbydiscmethod Widalstesttubeagglutinationmethod BiochemicalTests(Catalase,Oxidase,Urease,Nitratase,Protease,AmylaseandIMVIC) Antimicrobialassayofantibiotic,introductiontozoneofinhibitionandcalculation Immobilizationofenzymesandcellsbycalciumalginate,gelatinandagar IsolationofDNA Selectionandisolationofbacteriabyreplicaplating Determinationofthermalofbacteriabreplicaplating EffectofUltraVioletexposureongrowthofEcoli DemonstrationofelectrophoresiseitherbyPAGEorAgarosegelelectrophoresis
57 |P a g e
SEMSETERVI PHARMACEUTICALMEDICINALCHEMISTRYII
S.No. 1. Topic SteroidsConfiguration5and5cholestane,conventionalformula andconformationalrepresentation.ReactionsinringA&Bofsteroids conformationand chemical reactivity, addition,elimination,epoxide opening, relative rates of esterification and oxidation of epimeric alcoholsandreductionofketones,rearrangementreactions,Medicinal chemistryofsteroids:Sexhormones(androgensliketestosteroneand its esters: estrogens like estradiol, ethinyl estradiol and mestranol: progestines like medroxy progesterone acetate, megesterol acetate, norethindrone and norgestrel), anabolic steroids like danazol, stanozolol and androizoxazole: non steroidal estrogens like diethylstilbestrolandcholotrianisene,antiestrogensliketamoxifenand clomiphene, corticoids and steroidal antoflammatory like cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, betamethasone and triameinolone. Antihistamines H1, H2 receptors. Emphasis to be on the second generation H1 antagonists such as fexofenidine, astemazole, loratidine cetrizine and acrivastine, H2 receptor antagonist like cimetidine*, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine, proton pump inhibitors likeomeprazoleandlansoprazole. Diureties a. Site 1 Carbonic anhydrate inhibitors acetazolamide*, methazolamide. b. Site 2 High ceiling or loop diuretics is sulfamoyl anthranilic acids like furosemide*, azosemide and bumetanide in phenoxyaceticacidsethacrynicacid* c. Site3ThiazideandThiazidelikediuretics d. Site4Potassiumsparingdiureticssuchasspironoloactone triamtereneandamiloride LocalAnesthetics a. Aminoestersprocaine,tetracaine,benzocaine b. Aminoamideslidocaine*,mepivacaine,bupivacaine c. Aminoetherspramoxine d. AlcoholsBenzylalcohol,eugenol Hypoglycemics(Insulinnottobediscussed) st 1. Biguanidese.g.metforminb.Sulfonylureas1 Generationlike tolbutamide*,cholorpropamide,tolazamideand nd rd acetohexamide:2 Generationlikeglyburide,glypizide,3 Generationlikeglimeprideandrepaglimide. 2. Thiazolidinedionessuchastroglitazone,ciglitazone, rosiglitazoneandpioglitazone 3. Glycosidaseinhibitorslikeacarbose,vogliboseand miglitol. 58 |P a g e
3hrs/week
Hours 9
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Antiviral agents including HIV araA, indoxuridine*, amantadine*, acyclovir,ganciclovirandribavirin,HIVagentsbothnonnucleosides likenevirapine& delaviridineand nucleosideslike AZTandprotease inhibitors like indinavir, saqvunavir, ritonavir (only highlights of structure).Combinationtherapy Antineoplastics a. alkylating agents like mechlorethamine, chlorambucil*, cyclophosphamide*, mitomycin C, busulfan, carmustine, lomustine,dacarbazineandprocarbazine. b. Antimetabolites like azaserine, methotrexate*, 5fluorouracil, araC,6MPand6TG c. Antibioticslikedactinomycin,doxorubicin,bleomycin,andother natural products like vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel (only highlightsofstructuretobediscussed) d. Miscellaneous compounds like cisplatin and some newer derivatives e. Combinationtherapy *indicatessynthesistobediscussed
7.
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. WilsonandGisvoldsTextbookofOrganicMedicinalandPharmaceuticalChemistry, th 11 Ed.,Eds.JohnHBlockandJohnMBeale,LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,2004. Foyes Principals of Medicinal Chemistry, Eds., T. L. Lemke and D. A. Williams, Williams&Wilkins,Baltimore,2002. th Medicinal Chemistry, Ashutosh Kar, 4 Edition, New Age International Publishers, 2007. The art of Drug Synthesis, Eds. Douglas S Johnson and Jie Jack Li, Wiley Interscience,2007. PharmaceuticalChemistry,Vol.1:DrugSynthesis,Eds.H.J.Roth,A.Kleemanand T.Beissewenger,EllisHorwoodLtd.,1988. TheOrganicChemistryofDrugSynthesis,DanielLednicer,Vols1to7,JohnWiley.
PHARMACEUTICALANALYSISIII
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 2
Basic concepts in spectroscopy Introduction: Electromagnetic radiation and interaction with matter, electronic spectra, wavelength, wavenumber, frequency, absorbance, transmittance, photometers, spectrophotometers. UVVis absorption spectroscopy electronic transitions and UV spectra, chromophores, Auxochromes, bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts, hyperchromism and hypochromism, Beer Lamberts law (Definition, derivation of mathematical expression, limitations), Applications of Beers law to single component analysis 59 |P a g e
2.
15
andmulticomponentanalysis(calibrationgraph,standardabsorptivity value, single standardisation, double standardisation, simultaneous equation method, difference spectroscopy, derivative spectroscopy), effect of solvents, Instrumentation Light sources, Filters, monochromators, cells, detectors, single beam and double beam spectrophotometers,withblockandraydiagrams. 3. Fluorescence spectroscopy origin of fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra, singlet and triple states, factors affecting fluorescence intensity, Quantitative fluorescence intensity, applications, Instrumentationlight sources, primary and secondary filters,monochromators,detectors. Infrared spectroscopy I.R. regions, requirements for I.R. absorption, vibrational and rotational transitions, dipole changes, types of molecular vibrations, potential energy diagrams (harmonic oscillator and anharmonic oscillator), Vibrational frequency, factors influencing vibrational frequencies, vibrational modes (normal mode, combination bands and overtone bands), Instrumentation: light source, frequency selector, sample preparation, detectors, double beam I.R. spectrophotometer (schematic diagram), Qualitative applications (identification of functional groups, identity by fingerprinting). ElectrochemicalmethodsTheory,Introduction,Instrumentationand Applicationsof: Coulometry Polarography&Pulsepolarography Amperometry Electrogravimetry 3
4.
5.
10
th SkoogPrincipals of Instrumental Analysis,4 edition, SaundersCollege Publishing, 1992,USA. th WillardH.H.L.L.Merrit&JohnA.DeanInstrumentalMethodofAnalysis,6 edition, 1986,CBSPublishers&Distributors,NewDelhi. rd Ewing Galen WInstrumental Method of Chemical Analysis, 3 edition, 1969, Mc GrawHillBookCompany,NewYork. th Beckett & StenlakePractical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 4 edition, 1988, CBS Publishers&Distributors,India. th Vogel textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry 4 edition, 1984, Flbs & Longmans, London. James W. MunsonPharmaceutical Analysis: Modern methods, Marcel Dekker Inc., 1981,USA
60 |P a g e
PHARMACONOSYII
Drugsmentionedinboldarefordetailedstudy S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 7
EvaluationandSignificanceofqualitycontrolofdrugsofnaturalorigin (DONO) Study oforganoleptic, microscopic,physical,chemicaland biological methodsofevaluation,Physicochemicalparameterssuchasmoisture content, ash value, acid insoluble ash, heavy metals content and pesticides residue, microbial bioburden etc. for crude drugs with respect to pharmacopeias. Introduction to W.H.O. guidelines and monographsofdrugsofnaturalorigin. Detailed morphology and microscopy of organized drugs and evaluationparametersforunorganizeddrugsmentionedinbold. Quantitative microscopy, Lycopodium spore method, Leaf constants, camera lucida, diagrams of microscopic objects to the scale with cameralucida. Detailed study of carbohydrates with respect to chemistry, sources preparationanduses.Allcellulosederivatives,starches,honey,inulin, alginic acid, gums (tragacanth, acacia, sterculia, Nanthan, guar). Mucilages(agar,isapghol,linseed)maltandmaltextract,dextram, pectins, chitin, hyaluronic acid, Study of sources, constituents and uses of carbohydrate containing herbs i.e. fig, bael, (Cassis latin fistula,tamarkindkernelpowder(TKP). Introductiontoorganicacids,fruits(citrus,tamarind,garcinia,amla). Introduction to Pesticides of natural origin Introduction study of followingwithrespecttotheiroccurrence,chemistryandapplications, Pyrethrum,nicotin,neem,Redsquill. Study ofchemistry, classification,extraction,properties, sources and usesofTannins. Detailed pharmacognostic study and application of galls, catechu (paleandblack),Kino,arjuna,ashoka,harda,behra Study of Lipids (Waxes, fats, fixed oils) their chemistry and classification.Studyoffollowingwithrespecttosources,extraction& composition of lipids and uses: Arachis, castor, sesame, linseed, jajoba, olive, almond, mustard, wheatgerm, cottonseed, coconut, safflower, sunflower, croton, neem, rice bran, hydnocarpus, cod halibutandsharkliveroil,Studyofkokumbutter,cocabutter,woolfat, spermacetiwax,beeswax,carnubawax,lecithin. Hydrocarbons Introduction to composition, properties & sources of alkanes, isoalkanes and anti isoalkanes, alkenes, ethylene, polyacetylenes (stearolic acid, falcarinone, dehydro matricaria esters, thiophenes fromtagetes). 61 |P a g e
2. 3.
5 3
4.
5. 6.
2 2
7.
8.
9.
10. Study of sources, structure and properties of sulphides from Allium species(A.cepa&Asativum) 11. Study of structure, occurrence and uses of essential amino acids, Study of peptides, proteins, protein hydrolysates, Sources, preparationandusesofgelatin. ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
2 2
TreaseD.&EvansW.C.:TextbookofPharmacognosyW.B.Saunders. TylerV.E.,BradyL.R.&RobbersJ.E.:PharmacognosyLeaFeibger,USA. WallisT.E.:TextbookofPharmacognosy:CBSPublishers,Delhi. KokateC.K.PurohitA.P.&GokhaleS.B.:Pharmacognosy:NiraliPublications,Pune. Harbone J.B.: Photochemical Methods: A guide to modern techniques of Plant Analysis:Chapman&Hall,London. BrunetonJ.:Pharmacognosy,Phytochemistry,MedicinalPlants,InterceptLimited. Vasudevan T.N. &Laddha K.S.: A TextbookofPharmacognosy, VrindaPublication House,Jalgaon. TheIndianPharmacopoeia:TheControllerofPublicationDelhi. BrainK.R.&TurnerT.D.:ThePracticalEvaluationofPhytopharmaceuticalsWright, Scientica,Bristol. lyengerM.A.&NayakS.G.:AnatomyofCrudeDrugs:ManipalPowerPress,Manipal. lyengerM.A.:PharmacognosyofPowderedDrugs:ManipalPowerPress,Manipal. KokateC.K.:PracticalPharmacognosy:VallabhPrakashan. Wagner,Bladt&Zgainski:PlantDrugAnalysis:SpringerVerlag. Khandelwal K.R.: Practical Pharmacognosy Technique and Experiments: Nirali Prakashan,Pune. Vasudevan T.N. Laddha K.S.: Practical Pharmacognosy: New Vrinda Publishing House.Jalgaon.
PHARMACEUTICSV
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 12
Tabletcoating Needfortabletcoating Sugar coating Raw materials, steps in detail, coating defects/problems Film coating Raw materials, Aqueous film coating, defects/problems Entericcoating CoatingEquipmentsConventional&modifiedpans,coating columns (fluidized bed coating), Spray equipment & other accessories. Q.C.ofcoatedtablets. Microencapsulation Definition,need/reasons,conceptsofcore&coat Methods with equipments Wuster process, coacervation 62 |P a g e
2.
phase separation, spray drying and related processes, interfacial polymerization,multiorifice centrifugalprocess, pan coating,solventevaporation. 3. Biologicalproducts Sutures & Ligatures definition, classification, catgut manufacturing&processingdetails,otherabsorbablesutures (brief), Non absorbable types silk, linen, polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, metallic wires, Q.C. testing of sutures &ligatures. Blood products Need, problems/ hazards, Blood banking procedures. Whole human blood, Red cell cone, cone of platelets. Plasmapheresis, plasma, serum, Fractionation of plasma, StudyofsomefractionsclottingfactorslikeFibrinogen,AHF, Factor IX complex, Prothrombin, Albumin preparations, globulinpreparations.Q.C.aspectsofbloodproducts. Plasma substitutes (Plasma volume expanders) need, properties desired, exampleshydrolyzed gelatin based products,HETAstarch,Dextran(indetail) Glandularproducts Insulin extraction from pancreas, purification, insulin injections(official) ThyroidProcessing&product(official) ACTHpreparations Oxytocinandvasopressin ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. LachmanLeon,LiebermanHerbertA.kanigJosephL.,TheTheoryandPracticeof rd IndustrialPharmacy,3 Edition1987,VarghesePublishingHouse,Mumbai. Deasy Patrick B., Microencapsulation and Related Drug Processes, Volume 20, 1984,MarcelDekkerInc.,NewYork. ColeGPharmaceuticalCoatingTechnology,Taylor&FrancisLtd.Bristol,PA,1995. Isaac GhebreSellassie, Pharmaceutical Pelletization Technology, Volume 37, 1989,MarcelDekkerInc.,NewYork. th E.A.Rawlins,Ed.,BentleysTextbookofPharmaceutics,8 Edn.,BallierweTindall, 1995. th S. J. Carter Ed., Tutorial Pharmacy, Cooper & Gunn, 6 Edn., CBS Publishers & distribution,India,1986. st Remington, The science and practice of pharmacy, 21 ed., Vol I & II, B. L., PublicationsPvt.Ltd.,2005. 4
3 4
63 |P a g e
COSMETICOLOGY
S.No. 1. Topic Definitionofcosmetics Historicalbackground Classificationofcosmeticsandfunctions
3hrs/week
Hours 1
2. 3.
Structure of skin, hair, nails and skin appendages and interaction with cosmetics. Toxicologyofcosmeticsirritationandsensitizationreactiontocosmetics, teststopredictsuchreactions Microbiologicalaspectsofcosmetics A brief review on perfumes, colors and other raw materials used in cosmetics. Study offollowing cosmetics with respect to raw materials,formulation, processingandqualitycontrol: Personnel hygiene products pedicure and manicure preparations, dental care preparations including tooth paste, tooth powder, mouth washes and denture cleaners, antiperspirantsanddeodorants. Facial makeup products skin creams and lotions including cleansing cream, cold cream, vanishing cream, foundation makeup, bleach cream, face powder, roage, lipstick, eye makeup,facepacks,andmoisturizers. Protective preparationshand and body creams and lotions, barrier preparations and emollient preparations, sunscreen and antisunburnpreparations,insectrepellants. Hair care preparations shampoo, womens and mens hair dressing, hair tonics and hair conditioners, hair rinses, hair colorants,hairwavingandstraighteningpreparations. Miscellaneous preparations Introduction to depilatories shaving preparations, nail products, bath oils, baby cosmetics, antilice preparations,herbalcosmetics. Schedule S of drug and cosmetics Act in relation to cosmetic manufacture,hygiene,pollutioncontrolecologicalconcern.
2 2
4. 5.
2 4
ReferenceBooks: 1.
th Harrys Cosmetology, 7 Ed., edited by J.B. Wilkinson & R.J. Moore, Longman Singapore,PublishersPvt.Ltd.
64 |P a g e
2. 3.
Cosmetics Science and Technology, Vol 1,2 & 3 M.S. Balsam & Edward Sagarin nd Ed.,2 edition,WileyIntersciencepublications,1972. rd CosmeticsFormulations, Manufacturing & Quality Control by P.P. Sharma 3 edition,VandanaPublicationsPvt.Ltd.,2005.
PHARMACEUTICALMANAGEMENT
1.
3hrs/week
2.
Basicprincipalsand types ofviableBusiness and enterprise. Healthcare industry positioning the pharmacist fit in the industry Major players, major brands, Core, auxiliaryandalliedproductsandmarketing,MajorComponentsofPharmabusiness (Lectures3) Financial management, Sourceoffunds, basicsof balancesheetandprofitanloss account. Product:DPCO,Costsofinputsinaproduct,Direct/indirect,Activitybasedcosting, Taxes,costbenefitanalysisofaproduct,SWOTanalysisofaproductincompetitive market,Nationalbudget. (Lectures3) Product Cost, value of a product, Market economics, COST OUTPUT relationship, PROFIT Management, Pricing analysis, Pricing policy Performance management MaterialsandInventorymanagementVendordevelopment,Stockaudits. (Lecturers3) Quality management: FDA regulations and approvals, WHO requirements, General awarenessofGlobalrequirementsofMHRA/MCA/TGA/USFDA/ISOupgradation. Sixsigmaconcept,ProductandprocessenvironmentManagement. (Lecturer3) Marketresearchprocess.Marketforecastingprocess.AnalysisofVolumeandgrowth ofPeripheralmarkets:Nutraceuticals. Cosmeceuticalsimplants. (Lecturer3) Marketing and sales: uniqueness of medical products marketing. Role of retail chemist,distributors,stockist,wholesaler,C&Fagents,whatisamarket,amarket share,competitivemarketing. Changeinoffingmalls,chainofcorporateretailsoutlets,BrandsandGenericmarket. (Lecturer6) Export market management: market search, preparations and Development, RegulatedandunregulatedmarketrequirementsContinentsandCountriesforGlobal market,Hospitals,Govt./Corporatepurchasers,ESISschemes,NGOs. (Lecturer3) Role of product development and clinical research, Major Diseases and major molecules, Clinical research, patent registration, IPR, PRODUCT and PROMOTIONALPOLICIES. (Lecture4) 65 |P a g e
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Other regulatory requirements Factory Act., Pollution Act., Firesafety and hazard managementHazaopstudy,(MSDS)safetydatasheets. (Lecturer3)
10. Leadership,Motivation,Delegation,communication,Conflictmanagement,Shopfloor management. (Lecture3) 11. Management concepts that help to create value Ps: product, place, price, people, packing,pace,OrganizationZSconcept. (Lecturer2) ReferenceBooks: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12)
th MarketingManagement12 editionbyKotler,Loshy&Jha. nd MarketingManagement2 editionbyDr.RajanSaxena. IntroductiontoMarketingManagementbyAdrianPalmer. FinancialManagementbyPrasannaChandra. FinancialManagementbyI.M.Pandey. HumanResourcemanagementbyAshwathapa. Personnel&HumanResourceManagementbySubbaRao. Production&OperationsManagementbyK.Ashwathapa. Production&OperationsManagementbyS.N.Chary. Production&OperationsManagementbyS.A.Chunawala. BusinessLogistics/SupplyChainManagementbyRonaldBallon. IntroductiontoSupplyChainManagementbyRobertHanfiels.
PHARMACOLOGYIII
S.No. 1. Topic Autonomicnervoussystem BriefintroductiontoAnatomyandPhysiologyofANS Adrenergicagents(Sympathomimeticagents) adrenergicblockingagents Cholinergicdrugs(Cholinomimeticagentse.g.Anticholinesterases) Antochoilinergicdrugs a)Muscarrinicdrugs b)Nicotinicblockers Drugsactingatneuromuscularjunction(skeletalmusclerelaxants) Drugsactingonautonomicganglia(stimulantsandblockers) Cardiovascularsystem Drugsusedinthetreatmentof: Hypertension Congestivecardiacfailure Anginapectoris Cardiacarrhythmias 66 |P a g e
3hrs/week
Hours 18
2.
14
Drugsusedinthetreatmentofhyperlipoproteinaemia 3. Diureticdrugs 6
ReferenceBooks: 1. Goodman&GilmansPharmalogicalBasisofTherapeuticsJoelG.Hardman.Lee th E.Limbird,AlfredGoodmanGillMan11 Edition,TheMcGrawHillCompaniesInc, 2001. th Satoskar,R.S.BhandarkarSD&RegeN.N. Pharmacology&Therapeutics20 Edition,PopularPrakashan,2007. th Rang&DalePharmacology5 Edition,ChurchillLivingston2003. rd LippincottsIllustratedReviewPharmacologyLippincottRaven3 EditionHowland &NyeetsPublishersNY,2006. th LewisPharmacologyByCrossland5 Edition,ChurchillLivingstone. th LaurenceD.R.&BennetClinicalPharmacology9 Edition,Elsevier,NY,2006. rd Kulkarni, S. K. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 3 Edition Vallabh and Prakashan,NewDelhi,2005. th B. G. Katzung Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 9 Edition, Appleton and Lange publication,2004. rd Gosh M. N. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, 3 Edition, Hilton & Company,Calcutta,2005.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
PHARMACOLOGYLABORATORYI
S.No. 1. Topic
4hrs/week
Hours
Experiments a) Dose Response Curve (DRC) of any agonist (eg. Ach/ Histamine) usingasuitableisolatedtissuepreparation. b) L V infusion a simulated model using rubber tube mounted on a wooden board (the students are taught to calculate the dose and concentration to be used, actual dilution for preparation of infusion, setting of L V, infusion including cannulation, setting of drop rate, for infusionoveragiven period of time) * Indian JournalofPharmacology, Vol39(I),Feb.2007:5759. (FreeFulltextavailableatwww.jiponline.com) Demonstration a)effectsofdrugonisolatedfrogheart(CDs/actual) Adrenaline,Acetylcholine AtropinePropranolol Effectofexcessofcalciumandpotassiumonisolatedheart EffectoflackofCa,Konisolatedheart Effectofdigitalisonhypodynamicheart b)Stimulatedexperiment(CDs)Expharm effectofdrugoneye effectofdrugonGImotility c)DemonstrationwiththehelpofCDsorKymographrecordings 67 |P a g e
2.
EffectNeostigmineonDRCofAch EffectofPanecuroniumonDRCofAch (Give the reading to thestudentsand ask themto plot thegraphs and draw the conclusion from the results, eg. Identify type of antagonism existing between two drug by studying the nature of thegraph,competitiveandnoncompetitive FindoutthepotencyofthedrugsbystudyingtheDRCbystudying IC50values) A CalculationofP 2valueforatropineusingAchasagonist. 3. Tutorials LaboratoryAnimalHandling CareandEthicsinAnimalexperimentation.
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4.
rd Kulkarni, S. K. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 3 Edition Vallbh Prakashan,NewDelhi,2005. rd Gosh M. N. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, 3 Edition, Hilton & Company,Calcutta,2005. st S.B.Kasture.AHandbookofExperimentsinPreClinicalPharmacology,1 Edition, CareerPublications,2006. nd W.L.M.Perry,PharmacologicalExperimentsonIsolatedPreparations,2 Edition,E &SLivingstone,Edinburgh&London,1970.
Websites: IndianjournalofPharmaceuticaleducationandresearch,Vol.41(1),JanMar,2007 5261(www.ipper.org)
PHARMACOGNOSYLABORATORYI
S.No. 1. Topic
4hrs/week
Hours 3
Quantitativeestimationbylycopodiumsporemethod a) Determinationonnumberofparticles(starchgrains/stonecells/ lignifiedfibers)ingivensampleofcrudedrugs. b) Determinationof%purityofgingerpowder. c) Histochemical identification of starches (maize, rice, wheat, potato) IdentificationandMeasurementofdimensionsofdifferenttypesofstarch grainsandcalciumoxalatecrystals,trichomesandstomata. Leaf constants Stomatal index, stomatal number, palisade ratio, vein isletnumber,veinletterminationnumber. Determinationofalcoholsolubleandwatersolubleextractives,totalash value and acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash value for any one crudedrugasperI.P. Identification of unorganized drugs by chemical tests (agar, acacia, tragacanth,gelatin,sterculia,palecatechu,blackcatechuandKino) 68 |P a g e
2. 3. 4.
1 3 3
5.
6. 7.
Detectionofadulterantsfixedoils Visittomedicinalplantgarden Total
1 2 14
COSMETICOLOGYLABORATORY
4hrs/week
FormulationProcessing,PackagingandEvaluationofcosmeticpreparations. 1. Skincleansers Cleansingmilk Clearcleansinggel 2. Skinmoisturizers Coldcream Handandbodylotion Moisturizinglotion 3. Suncareproducts Medicateddustingpowder Sunscreencream 4. Facialcosmetics Vanishingcream Foundationlotion Eyeshadow Lipstick 5. Haircareproducts Clearliquidshampoo Antidandruffshampoo Menshairdressingpreparation 6. Nailcareproducts NailLacquer NailLacquerremover 7. Shavingpreparations Lathershavingcream Brushlessshavingcream Aftershavelotion 8. Dentalcareproducts Toothpaste Medicatedtoothpaste Mouthwash 9. Herbalcosmetics Powderfacescrub Antiwrinklecream Antiacnecream
69 |P a g e
SYLLABUSCOPYFORFINALYEARB.PHARM SEMSETERVII PHARMACEUTICALMEDICINALCHEMISTRYIII

S.No. Topic Discussion of the following classes of drugs including classification, chemical nomenclature, structure including stereochemistry, generic names, chemistry, physicochemical properties, SAR, metabolism, molecular mechanism of action and synthesis, introduction to rational developmentifanyoftheclassofdrugs. 1. CholinergicDrugs: (i) cholinergic agonists (methocholine, carbochol*, bethanechol, pilocarpine) (ii) Ach esterase inhibitors (physostigmine, neostigmine*,tacrine*, ambenoniumchloride,isofluorphate,pralidoxime) (iii)Cholinergic antagonists (atropine, scopolamine, homatropine hydrobromide, ipratropium bromide) synthetic cholinergic antagonists (cyclopentolate*, dicyclomine*, ben/otropine mesylate, procyclidinehydrochloride,isopropamideiodide,tropicamide) (iv)Ganglionblockingagents(trimethaphan,camsylate,mecamylamine) (v) Neuromuscularblockingagents(tubocurarine,gallamine,triethiodide, succinylcholinechloride) AdrenergicDrugs: (i) adrenergic agonists (phenylephrine, naphazoline, xylometazoline, oxymetazoline,methyldopa,clonidine*,guanabenz,guanfacine) (ii) adrenergicagonists(isoproternol,terbutaline*,albuterol,salmeterol, isoxsuprine,ritodrine) (iii)adrenergic antagonists (tolazine, phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine,prazosin,doxazosin) (iv) adrenergic antagonists (propranolol*, atenolol, metoprolol, acebutalol,alprenolol,timolol,labetalol*) other adrenergic agents (amphetamine, pseudophedrine, ephedrine, guanethidine*,propylhexedrine,reserpine). CVSDrugs: (i) antianginal agents (amyl nitrite, isosorbide dinitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, verapamil, bepridil, diltiazem, nifendipine*, amlodipine, nimodipine,dipyridamole) (ii) antiarrhythmic agents (quinidine, procainamide*, disopyramide, lidocaine, tocainide, mexilitine, encainide, amiodarone, pro[afenone, verapamil,diltiazen,propranolol,sotalol*). (iii)Antihypertensiveagents(a)reviewofadrenergicagents(b)reviewof Ca channel blockers (c) ACE inhibitors (captopril*, enalapril, benzepril, ramipril) (d) angiotensin II receptor antagonists (losartan, valsartan*,candersartan) (iv) VasodilatorsandKchannelagonists(diazoxide,minoxidil) (v) Antihyperlipidemic agents (clofibrate*, gemfibrozil, niacin, lovastatin, 70 |P a g e 9
3hrs/week
Hours
2.
3.
atorvastatin) *Indicatessynthesistobediscussed ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
WilsonandGisvoldsTextbookofOrganicMedicinalandPharmaceuticalChemistry, th 11 Ed.Eds.JohnH.BlockandJohnM.Beale,LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,2004 Foyes Principals of Medicinal Chemistry, Eds. T. L. Lemke and D. A. Williams. Williams&Wilkins,Baltimore,2002. th Medicinal Chemistry, Ashutosh Kar, 4 Edition, New Age International Publishers, 2007. The Art of Drug Synthesis, Eds. Douglas S. Johnson and Jie Jack Li, Wiley Interscience,2007. PharmaceuticalChemistry,Vol.EDrugSynthesisEds.H.J.Roth,A.KleemanandT. Beissewenger,EllisHorwoodLtd.1988. TheOrganicChemistryofDrugSynthesis,DanielLednicer,Vols1to7,Wiley.
PHARMACEUTICALANALYSISIV
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 3
Chromatography Principals, terminologystationery phase, mobile phase, classification of chromatography methods, migrationrate of species (partition coefficient, retentiontime,adjustedretentiontime),Rateofsolutemigration(capacity factor,selectivityfactor),Columnefficiencyandbandbroadening(shape of peakGausssian, plate height, number of theoretical plates, van Deemeter equation), Optimisation of column performance (Column resolution, capacity factor, selective factor, tailing factor, peak width), Qualitative analysis, Quantitative analysis (Peak height, peak areas, calibrationandinternalstandard,externalstandard,areanormalization). Gaschromatography(GSC&GLC) Introduction,Principal,Instrumentationcarrier,columns,injectionsystem, detectors(advantage,disadvantage,applicationsofThermalconductivity, electron capture, thermionic, flame ionization, nitrogen phosphorus, photoionisation),headspaceanalysis,applications. HPLC Introduction, Principal, Instrumentationmobile phase reservoir, pumps (reciprocating, displacement, pneumatic, isocratic elution, gradient elution), solvent treatment system, Injection systems (Rheodyne injector indetail,directsampleintroduction,samplingloops),columnsandfittings (for reverse and normal phase, analytical and guard columns. Thermostats, column packing), detectors advantages, disadvantages, (UVsingle wavelength, variable wavelength, phtotodiode array), fluorescence,refractiveindex,electrochemical. Ionexchangechromatography Principal,ionexchangeresins,mobilephases,applications. 71 |P a g e
2.
3.
4.
5. 6.
Ionpairchromatography Principal,applications Sizeexclusionchromatography Principal for gel permeation and gel filtration method, support media, mobilephases,applications Paperchromatography Introduction,choiceoffilterpapers,solvents,chromatographicchambers, development techniques (descending, ascending, radial multiple chromatography, twodimensional chromatography), qualitative analysis locationofspots,Quantitativeanalysis(directandelutionmethod),factors affectingretentionfactor,applications. Thinlayerchromatography Introduction, Principal, different absorbents different methods for preparation of plates, solvents, development techniques cascending, descending, horizontal, multiple development two dimensional development, preparative TLC, Qualitative evaluation visualization of spots,Quantitativeevaluation(Area,weight,densitometryelutionfactors affectingRF,applications) Highperformancethinlayerchromatography Introduction, Principal, preparation of plates, development techniques Qualitative evaluation, Quantitative evaluation Instrumentation (adsorbents,solvents,sampleapplication,scanninganddocumentation), applications.
1 1
7.
8.
9.
10. ValidationofanalyticalmethodsasperU.S.P. 11. Statistics&StatisticalQualitycontrol Normaldistribution,ttest,Ftest,linearregressioncorrelationcoefficient, confidencelimits. 12. Samplingprocedures Objectives,differentkindsofsamples,samplingplan,samplingschemes, sampling equipments, methods of statistical analysts as applied to samplingandinterpretationofresults. 13. Thermalmethodsofanalysis Theory, introduction, instrumentation, factors affecting analysis, pharmaceutical applications of: Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential thermalanalysis(DTA),DifferentialScanningCalorimetry(DSC). ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1 3
th SkooghPrincipalsofInstrumentalAnalysis,4 edition,SaundersCollegePublishing, 1992,USA. BrowningChromatography,1969,McGrawHill,London. th WillardH.H.,L.L.Merrit&JohnA.DeanInstrumentalMethodofAnalysis6 edition, 1986,CBSPublishers&Distributors,NewDelhi. th Beckett & StenlakePractical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 4 edition, 1988, CBS Publishers&Distributors,India. I.P.,U.S.P.,B.P.EuropeanPharmacopeia.
72 |P a g e
6.
James W. MunsonPharmaceutical Analysis, Modern methods, Marcel Dekker Inc. 1981,USA.
PHARMACOGNOSYIII
Drugmentionedinboldareordetailedstudy S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 12
Alkaloids:Chemistry,Classificationandoccurrenceofalkaloidingeneral. Detailed study of the following plants containing alkaloids Ephedra, Colchicum, cocoa, & tea, coffee, lobelia, tobacco, belladonna, datura stramonium, hyoscyamus, cinchona, opium, ashwagandha, ipecac, rauwolfia,vinca,nuxvomica,vasaka,aconite,kurchi,pilocarpus,cola, coca,pepper,curare,alkaloids,ergot. Biosynthesis of lysergic acid, opium alkaloids, tropane, alkaloids, colchicines,emethine,quinine.
2.
OccurrencestructureandapplicationsoffollowingGlycosides a) Anthroquinone Rubia, cochineal, aloes, hyperieum, cascara, andira,senna,rhubiarb. b) IsothiocyanateBrassica c) CyanogeneticAlmonds,wildcherry d) NapthoquinonePlumbago,alkanna,henna,walnut Biosynthesisofaloeemodin,amygdaline,juglone. BriefintroductiontoPlantallergens Definition,classification(inhalant,injectant,infestantsetc.)withexample. Plantscausinghayfever&dermatitis,mouldcausingallergy. Sources,preparationandusesoffollowingenzymes: Papain, bromelain, malt extract, serratiopeptidase, urokinase, streptokinase,pepsin. Studyoflectinsandsnakevenom,Preparationofpolyvalentantivenins Studyoffollowingherbsashealthfood(Neutraceuticals): Alfaalfa, arnica, apricot, pits, bran, chamomic, chicory, cucumber, fenugreek, onion, garlic, gentian, hydrocotyle, hibiscus, hops, honey, marigold, amla. Ginseng, ashwagandha, ginko biloba, spirulina, gymnema,momordica,tinospora. Occurrence, composition, preparation and uses of following drugs of mineralorigin: Diatomic,chalk,bentonite,talc. Study of sulphur containing naturally occurring compounds (sulphide, thiophenes).
2 2
3.
4.
5.
6.
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. TreaseD.&EvansW.CTextbookofPharmacognosyW.B.Saunders. TylerV.E.BradyL.R.&RobbersJ.E.PharmcognosyLeaFeibger,USA. 73 |P a g e
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
WallisI.E.TextbookofPharmacognosyCBSPublishers,Delhi. Kokate C. K. Purohit A. P. & Gokhale S. B. Pharmacognosy: Nirali Publications, Pune. HarboneJ.B.PhytochemicalMethods:Aguidetomoderntechniquesof PlantAnalysisChapmann&Hall,London. BrunctonJ.Pharmacognosy,Phytochemistry,MedicinalPlants:InterceptLimited. Vasudevan I. N. & Buddha K. S. A textbook ofPharmacognosy, Vrinda Publication House,Jalgaon. TheIndianPharmacopeia.TheControllerofPublicationDelhi. BrainK.R.&FurnerL.D.ThePracticalEvaluationofPhytopharmaceuticalsWright Sceintica,Bristol. Lyenger M. A. & Nayak S. G. Anatomy of Crude Drugs: Manipal Power Press, Manipal. LyengerM.A.PharmacognosyofPowderedDrugs:ManipalPowerPress,Manipal. KokateC.K.PracticalPharmacognosy,VallabhPrakashan. Wagner,Bladi&zagainskit:PlantDrugAnalysis:SpringerVerlag. Khandelwal K. R.: Practical Pharmacognosy Techniques and Experiments: Nirali Prakashan,Pune. Vasudevan L. N. Laddha K. S.: Practical Pharmacognosy: New Vrinda Publishing House,Jalgaon.
PHARMACEUTICSVI
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 12
Introductiontosteriledosageforms Parentalproducts Various routesofparental administration, pyogens,vehicle,WFI preparation, purity, storage and distribution, vehicles other than WFI,additivesinparentalproducts, types offormulations,freeze drying , containers glass and plastics types and evaluation, conceptofFFS,rubberclosuresand testing,personnel,facilities layout, environmental control cleanliness classes, air handling (HVAC systems), HEPA filters, laminar flow, production procedures, QA & QC sterility test, pyrogen/ endotoxin test, particulateevaluation,leakertest. Ophthalmicproducts Anatomy and physiology of eye lachrymal system, tears, precorneal tear film, cornea, ocular bioavailability, types of ophthalmicproductssolutions,suspension,ophthalmicointments and gels, preservatives and efficacy test, additives, QA and QC sterilitytest,clarity,particlesizeforsuspension,testsonointments andcollapsibletubes,packaging. Contact lens solutions: types of lensescleaning solution, disinfection solution, lubricants, multipurpose solutions and packages. Oralsustainedandcontrolledreleasesystems AdvantagesofSRsystems,biopharmaceuticalconsiderationand 74 |P a g e
2.
3.
dose calculation ofdrug, propertiesof drug with referenceto the designoforalSRsystems,matrixand reservoirtypeofsystems, dissolution controlled systems, diffusion controlled systems, ion exchangecontrolledsystems. 4. Stabilitystudies Kinetic principles, Arrhenius equation and derivation of shelf life based on Arrhenius equation, limitations and advantages equation,degradationpathways hydrolysis,oxidation,photolytic degradation,methodstoenhancestabilitystudies,introductionto ICHguidelines. 8
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Pharmaceuticaldosageforms:Parentalmedications,Vol.I,II,III,ed.byKennethA. Avis,LeonLachmanandH.A.Liberman,MarcelDekkerInc.,1986. nd Pharmaceutics The Science of dosage form design ed. by M. E. Aulton, 2 ed., ChurchillLivingstone,2002. th ModernPharmaceutics,4 ed.RevisedandExpandeded.byGilbertS.Bankerand ChristopherT.Rhodes,MarcelDekkerINC.,2002. The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy, ed. by Leon Lachman, H. A. rd Liberman,J.I.Kanig,3 ed.,VerghesePublishinghouse,1987. st Remington, The science and practice of Pharmacy, 21 ed., Vol. I and II, B. L. PublicationsPvt.Ltd.,2005. Ophthalmicdrugdelivery,ed.byAshimK.Mitra,1993,MarcelDekkerINC. rd TurcoandKings,SterileDosageforms,3 Edn.,Lea&Febiger,Philadelphia,1985. MichaelJ.Akers,QualityControlofParenterals,MarcelDekker Controlled drug delivery Fundamentals and Applications, Robinson Joseph R., LeeVincentH.,Vol.29,MarcelDekkerInc.
BIOPHARMACEUTICSANDPHARMACOKINETICS
Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
IntroductiontothesubjectofbiopharmaceuticsandPharmacokinetics.Emphasis ontheimportanceindrugdiscovery,developmentandclinicalpharmacy. Definitions,differentmechanismsofdrugtransport,physiologyofcellmembrane andpassageofdrugsacrosscellmembrane. ModifiedpHpartitiontheoryanditslimitations.Zerov/sfirstordertransport. Ratelimiting steps in drug absorption, Theoriesofdissolution,Physicochemical factorsaffectingthebioavailabilityofdrugs. Physiology of GH and oral bioavailability Formulation, dosage form related factorsandphysiologicalfactorsaffectingoralbioavailability Different routes of drug administration as alternative to oral route Factors affectingbioavailabilityofdrugsfromparentalroutese.g.insulinzincsuspension Dissolutionrateandmethodsofenhancingdissolutionrate.Officialandunofficial methodsofdissolution.Applicationtodifferentdosageforms 75 |P a g e
Invitroinviewcorrectionanditssignificance Distribution Definition relationship of drug transport to distribution process, perfusion limitation permeability limitation. Plasma protein and tissue protein binding,introductiontotheconceptofvolumeofdistributionandfactorsaffecting distribution. Elimination, Definition, introduction to elimination via metabolism and excretion Hepatic clearance drugs,firstpass effectanddependenceofhepatic extraction ratio.Introductiontorenalclearanceandfactorsaffectingrenalclearance. Pharmacokinetics: Introduction to compartmental and physiological models. Introductiontothecompartmentalopenmodelanditsassumptions. Mathematical treatment of Pharmacokinetics upon IV bolus dosing and extravasculardosing.Importanceofvolumeofdistribution.Clearance,elimination rateconstant,halflife,absorptionrateconstant,bioavailability.Introductionofthe conceptofareaunderthecurve,thetrapezoidalruleandthemethodresiduals IntroductiontotheratemethodandsigmaminusmethodforurineanalysisforIV. Introductiontomethodforestimatingbioavailabilityandbioequivalence. Discussionoflinearandnonlinearkineticsanddescriptionoffactorsresultingin nonlinearkinetics. ApplicationofPKprinciplesthroughsimpleproblems. ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3.
1 3
1 9
2 2 2
4. 5. 6.
Brahmankar, D. M. Jaiswal, Sunil B., Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: a st treatise,1 Edition,1995,VallabhPrakashan,Delhi. Banakar, Umesh, Pharmaceutical Dissolution Testing, Volume 49, Marcel Dekker Inc.,NewYork,1992. Malcom Rowland, Thomas Tozer, Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Concept and rd Application, 3 Edition, 1996. A LeaFebiger book, B. L. Baverly Books Pvt. Ltd. USA. th RobertE.Notari,BiopharmaceuticsandPharmacokineticsAnIntroduction,1971,4 Edition,MarcelDekkerInc.,NewYork. Leon Shargel, Susanna WuPong, Andrew B. C. Yu. Applied Biopharmaceutics & th Pharmacokinetics5 Edition,2005,Singapore. th MiloGibaldi,BiopharmaceuticsClinicalPharmacokinetics4 Edition,1991,USA.
PHARMACOLOGYIV
S.No. 1. Topic Drugsactingoncentralnervoussystem Aliphaticalcohols Generalanaesthetics Localanaesthetics Sedativehypnotics&anxiolyticagents Antidepressants Antipsychotics 76 |P a g e
3hrs/week
Hours 18
DrugsusedinNeurodegenerativedisorders Antiparkinsons DrugsusedinAlzheimersdisease Analgesics,antipyreticandantiinflammatorydrugs CNSstimulants&Psychotomimeticdrugs (Convulsions and respiratory stimulants, Psychomotor stimulants andPsychotomimeticdrugs) 6
2.
Autocoids Histamine,Antithistaminics 5HTandAntagonists Kinins,Ecosonides,Cytokines,PAF PharmacotherapyofBronchialasthma Immunology Regulation of Immune system physiological and pathological states, Signaling Pathways for activation and inhibition, Immunology of diseases like HIV and Cancer and their modulation & Immunomodulators. Principalsoftoxicology Heavymetalpoisoninganditstreatment Pesticidepoisoninganditstreatment Opiumalkaloidpoisoninganditstreatment
3. 4.
2 6
5.
ReferenceBooks: 1. Goodman & Gilmans Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics Joel G. Hardman, th Lee E, Limbird, Alfred Goodman Gillman 11 Edition, The McGraw Hill Companies Inc.,2001. th Satoskar, R. S.BhandarkarS. D.& Rege N. N. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 20 Edition,PopularPrakashan,2007. th Rang&DalePharmacology5 Edition,ChurchillLivingstone,2003. rd Lippincotts Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology Lippincott Raven 3 Edition Howland&NycetsPublishersNY,2006. th LewisPharmacologyByCrossland5 Edition,ChurchillLivingstone. th LaurenceD.R.&BennetClinicalPharmacology9 Edition,Elsevier,NY,2006. rd Kulkarni, S. K. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 3 Edition, Vallabh Prakashan,NewDelhi,2005. th B. G. Katzung Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 9 Edition Appleton and Lange publication,2004. rd Gosh M. N. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, 3 Edition, Hilton & Company,Calcutta,2005.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
PHARMACOLOGYLABORATORYII
S.No. 1. Experiments Bioassayof Acetylchoine 77 |P a g e Topic
4hrs/week
2.
Histamine
Demonstration bioassayofoxytocin bioassayofpancuronium(WithGraphorActual) Demonstration/SimulatedCDs To study the CNS depressant activity of chlorpromazine on locomotor activityofmiceusingactophotometer To study the effect of diazepam on the muscle grip strength of mice usingrotarodapparatus. Analgesiceffectofasprinusinganalgesiometer To study phenothiazine induced catatonia in rats and to study anticatatonic(antiparkinsons)effectofscopolamine Tostudytheanticonvulsantpropertyofdiazepamonpentylenetetrazole inducedconvulsionsinmiceoranticonvulsanteffectofphenytoinagainst maximalelectroshockinducedconvulsioninmice Toxicitystudies(CPCSEA,OCEDguideline) briefintroductiontoacute,subacuteandchronictoxicitystudies.
3.
4.
rd Kulkarni, S. K. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 3 Edition Vallabh PrakashanNewDelhi,2005. rd Gosh M. N. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, 3 Edition, Hilton & Company,Calcutta,2005. st S.B.Kasture.AHandbookofExperimentsinPreClinicalPharmacology1 Edition, CareerPublications,2006. W.L.M.Perry,PharmacologicalExperimentsOnIsolatedPreparations,2bndEdition, E&SLivingstone,Edinburgh&London,1970. Websites:IndianJournalofPharmaceuticaleducationandresearch,Vol.41(1)Jan Mar,20075261.(www.ipper.org)
PHARMCEUTICALCHEMISTRYLABORATORYII 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
4hrs/week
Synthesis ofheterocyclics: a) Benzimidazole from 0phenylenediamine, b) 4methyl carbostyrilfromAcetoacetanilide. Perkinreaction:Cinnamicacidfrombenzaldehyde Claisen/AldolCondensationacidfrombenzaldehyde. Benzilicacidrearrangement:Benzilicacidfrombenzyl. Holfmannrearrangement:AnthranilicacidfromPhthalimide. Reductionreaction:PABAfrompnitrobenzoicacid. Esterification:BenzocainefromPABA. Condensation:Phenytoin. Multistepreaction:Sulfanilamidefromacetanilide.
78 |P a g e
PHARMACOGNOSYLABORATORYII
S.No. 1. 2. Topic
4hrs/week
Hours 8 2
Morphology, microscopeand chemical testfor identificationof cinchona, vasaka,ephedra,kurchi,datura,nux,vomica,senna,rauwolfia,ipeca. TLCanalysis: 1) Alkaloidsofnuxvomicacinchona 2) Glycosidesofsenna/aloe Morphological identification of drugs covered in theory (alkaloids and glycosides)any20samples Total
3.
2 12
PHARMACEUTICSLABORATORYIV 1. 2. 3. PreparationandmonographictestingWFI(IP) Processing&testingofglasscontainers&rubberclosures(asperIP) Preparationanddocumentationoffollowing: A)Injections(official) SodiumchlorideandDextroseinjection Calciumgluconateinjection Ascorbicacidinjection Oneinjectionwithoilyvehicle Onesuspensioninjection B)Ophthalmicpreparations Sulphacetamideeyedrops OneAntibioticeyeointment Contactlenssolution CalculationofPharmacokineticparameters(plasmasamplesprovided)
4.
79 |P a g e
SYLLABUSCOPYFORFINALYEARB.PHARM. SEMESTERVIII PharmaceuticalMedicinalChemistryIV

S.No. Topic Discussion of the following classes of drugs including, classification, chemical nomenclature, structure including stereochemistry, generic names, chemistry, physicochemical properties, SAR. Metabolism, molecular mechanism of action, and synthesis, introduction to rational developmentifanyoftheclassofdrugs: 1. CNSDrugs 1. Sedatives and hypnothics (mephobarbital, Phenobarbital pentobarbital, secobarbital, diazepam, nitrazepam*. Oxazepam. Alprazolam. Midazolam, cholorodiazepoxide, choral hydrate, gluthethimde*,zolpidem,zopiclone) 2. Anticonsulvants (Phenobarbital, chlordizepoxide, diazepam, clonazepam*, phenytoin, trimethadione, paramethadione, ethosuximide*, phenosuximide, primidone, sodium valproate, carbamazepine*,progabide,lamotrigine,vigbatrin 3. Antipyschotics (chlorpromazine*, triflupromazine, thioridazine, fluphenazine, chlorprothixene, loxapine, clozapine, haloperidol*, droperiodol,risperidone*,pimozide,molindone 4. Antianxiety agents (meprobamate, tybamate, hydroxyzine, buspirone) 5. Antidepressants (imipramine, chlorimipramine, amitryptyline, nortriptyline, doxepine*, fluoxetine*, paroxetine, trazodone, iproniazid,pargline,isocarboxazide,tranylcypromine) 6. Antiparkinsons (carbidopa*, levodopa, selegiline, amantadine, bromocriptine, benzotropine*, procyclidine, trihexyphenidyl, orphenadrine) 7. Analgesics (opioids) (morphine, codeine, levophanol, dextromethorphan,phenazocine,pentazocine,meperidine*,and prodine, pheniridine, anileridine, fentanyl, methadone*, phenadoxone, racemoramide, dextropropoxyphene*, nalorphine, naloxone,naltrexone) NSAIDs(aspirin,paracetamol,phenylbutazone*,oxyphenbutazone, indomethacine,sulindac,mefenamicacid,ibuprofen,naproxen*, ketoprofen,nabumetone,diclofenac*,nimesulide,celecoxib,rofecoxib, piroxicam*,colchicines,sulfinpyrazone,allopurinol). *indicatessynthesistobediscussed 5
3hrs/week
Hours
1 5
2.
80 |P a g e
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. WilsonandGisvoldsTextbookofOrganicMedicinalandPharmaceuticalChemistry, th 11 Ed.,Eds.,JohnHBlockandJohnMBeale,LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,2004. Foyes Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Eds., T. L. Lemke and D. A. Williams, Williams&Wilkins,Baltimore,2002. th Medicinal Chemistry, Ashutosh Kar, 4 Edition, New Age International Publishers, 2007. The Art of Drug Synthesis, Eds., Douglas S Johnson and Jie Jack Li, Wiley Interscience,2007. PharmaceuticalChemistry,Vol.1:DrugSynthesis,Eds.,H.J.Roth,A.Kleeman,and T.Beissewenger,EllisHorwoodLtd.,1988. TheOrganicChemistryofDrugSynthesis,DanielLednicer,Vols.1to7,Wiley.
PHARMACEUTICALANALYSISV
S.No. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 3
1. AtomicabsorptionandEmissionspectroscopy Principle,differencebetweenatomicabsorptionspectroscopyandflame emission spectroscopy, Instrumentation Radiation sources, Flame atomization (types of flames, flame structure, flame atomizers), single anddoublebeamspectrophotometers,advantagesanddisadvantages, Pharmaceuticalapplications. 2. NuclearMagneticResonanceSpectroscopy Introduction, Phenomenon (Spinning nucleus, effect of an external magnetic field, precessional motion, precessional frequency, energy transitions), theory, Chemical shift and its measurement (factors influencing chemical shiftshielding, deshielding, Vander Waals deshielding,anisotropiceffect.e.g.alkanes,alkenes,carbonyl,aromatic and cyclohexane), solvents used in NMR (Choice of solvents, solvent shiftsconcentration,temperature,hydrogenbondingeffects),Spinspin coupling constants and splitting (splitting of NMR signals, theory, coupling, constants, multiplicities, of signal, chemical and magnetic equivalence),spinspindecoupling,Instrumentation(Magnets,magnetic field sweep, radiofrequency oscillator, receiver, recorder and integrators,applications. 3. Massspectrometry Introduction,Basicprinciples,Instrumentation(singlefocusingand doublefocusingmassspectrometer,quadrupolemassspectrometer GCMS,HPLCMS),Electronimpact,chemicalionisation,Field ionisationmassspectrometry,fastatombombardmentspectrometry), basepeak,Molecularion,metastableions,Fragmentationprocesses, Applications. 4. RadiochemistryandRadiopharmaceuticals Fundamentalsofradioactivity(radionuclide,Isotope,radioactive,decay, 81 |P a g e
halflifeofradionuclide,specificactivity,Bccquerel,Curie),Propertiesof radiation,Radiationprotection,measurementofradioactivity(Geiger Mullercounter,liquidscintillatingcounting,gammascintillation detector),Radiopharmaceuticals(Propertiesofradionuclide, pharmaceuticalproperties,chemicalproperties),99mTcgenerator, Qualitycontrolofradiopharmaceuticals(Physical,chemicalandsterility control,radionuclidepurityandradiochemicalpurity),Isotopedilution analysis. 5. NearIRspectroscopy Introduction,Principles,Advantages,QualitativemeasurementsNIR overtonebandsoforganicfunctionalgroups,Quantitativeabsorption Absorbancemeasurements,diffusereflectancemeasurements, InstrumentationRadiationsource,Wavelengthselection,Detectors, Sampleinterface,Samplepreparation,pharmaceuticalapplicationsof NIR. 6. XRaymethodsIntroduction,Instrumentation,identificationof crystallinecompound,Xraypowderdiffraction,Braggreflections, diffractionmethods,Pharmaceuticalanalyticalapplications. 7. StructuralelucidationproblemsbasedonUV,IR,NMR,Mass spectroscopy(simpleproblemswithmolecularformulagiven). 8. HyphenatedTechniquesGCMS,LCMS(Interfacesand Applicationsonly). ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
th SkooghPrinciplesofInstrumentalAnalysis,4 edition,SaundersCollegePublishing, 1992,USA. BrowningChromatography,1969,McGrawHill,London. th WillardH.H.,L.L.Merritt&JohnDeanInstrumentalMethodofAnalysis,6 edition, 1986,CBSPublishers&Distributors,India. th Beckett&StenlakePracticalPharmaceuticalChemistry,4 edition,1988,CBS Publishers&Distributors,India. I.P.,U.S.P.,B.P.,EuropeanPharmacopoeia. rd WilliamKempOrganicSpectroscopy,3 edition,Reprinted2005,Palgrave PublishersLtd.,NewYork. CliveWhistonAnalyticalChemistrybyopenlearning,1987,JohnWiley&SonsNew York,Toronto.
8 2
PHARMACOGNOSYIV
S.No. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 6
1. Glycosides Saponinglycosides(liquorice,quillaia,asparagus,ginseng,dioscorea, agave,fenugreek,bacopa,hydrocotyle,alpine,smilaxAcaciaconcinna, sapiandus) 82 |P a g e
Cardiac(digitalis,strophanthus,squill,nerium,thevetia) Biosynthesisofsteroidalglycosidemolecule. 2. Volatileoils:withrespecttosources,composition&preparationof volatileoilsanduses. Umbelliferousfruits(anise,caraway,dill,ajowan,fennel,coriander), clove,cardamom,cinnamon,Saussurealappa,eucalyptus, sandalwood,staranise,patchoulioil,lemongrase,wintergreen, palmrosa,rose,abolmescus,rasana,nutmeg,lemonpeeloil,orange peeloil,spearmintoilandpeppermintoil,jatamansi,valerian,artmesia, vetiver. 3. Resinsturpentine,cannabishops,(Colophony,niyrrh,shellac,benzoin, balsams(tolu,peru),turmeric,guggulu,ginger,colocynth,guaiacum, asafetida,capsicum. 4. Flavonoids Quercetin,Rutin,hesperidin&Flavonoidsfromorangepeelpowder. 5. Phenylpropanoids&Lignans Podophyllum,psoralea,Ammimajus,phyllanthus 6. Polyketidesmalefern,podophyllum 7. Terpenoids&iridoids(Structure,occurrenceanduses) Quassia,piccrorhiza,tinospora,Artemisia,taxus,carrot,gentian,chirata, andrographs 8. Biosynthesisofterpenoids(mono,sesqui,diandtriterpenoids)(skeleton only) 9. Phytotoxins Abrusprecatorius,aconite,belighiasapida,curare,datura,lilyofthe valley,ergot,poisonhemlock,poisonivy,yew,mushrooms,psoralea. 10. IntroductiontomarineDrugs Cytotoxinswithanytwoexamples. 11. SpecialaspectsofpreparationofAyurvedicformulationsandherbal formulations. PreparationandEvaluationofplantextractsandformulationswith respecttophytoconstituents. ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. TreaseD.&EvansW.C.:TextbookofPharmacognosyW.B.,Saunders. TylerV.E.BradyL.R.&RobbersJ.E.:PharmacognosyLeaFeibger,USA. WallisT.E.:TextbookofPharmacognosyCBSPublishers,Delhi. Kokate C. K. Purohit A. P. & Gokhale S. B.: Pharmacognosy Nirali Publications, Pune. Harbone J. B.: Phytochemical Methods: A guide to modern techniques of Plant Analysis:Chapman&Hall,London. BrunetonJ.:Pharmacognosy,Phytochemistry,MedicinalPlantsInterceptLimited. VasudevanT.N.&LaddhaK.S.:ATextbookofPharmacognosy,VrindaPublication House,Jalgaon 83 |P a g e 9
2 2 1 4
2 2
2 2
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
TheIndianPharmacopoeia:TheControllerofPublicationDelhi. BrainK.R.&TurnerT.D.:ThePracticalEvaluationofPhytopharmaceuticals:Wright, Scientica,Bristol. Iyenger M. A. & Nayak S. G.: Anatomy of Crude Drugs: Manipal Power Press, Manipal. IyengerM.A.:PharmacognosyofPowdereddrugs:ManipalPowerPress,Manipal. KokateC.K.:PracticalPharmacognosy:VallabhPrakashan. Wagner,Bladi&Zgainski:PlantDrugAnalysisSpringerVerlag. Khandelwal K. R.: Practical Pharmacognosy Techniques and Experiments Nirali Prakashan,Pune. Vasudevan T. N., Laddha K. S. Practical Pharmacognosy New Vrinda Publishing House,Jalgaon.
PHARMACEUTICSVII
3hrs/week
Note: References to latest amendments of schedule M and Schedule U of Drugs and CosmeticsAct1940tobemadewhereveritisappropriate. S.No. 1. Topic Qualityassurance(discussspecimendocuments) Raw material control, actives and inactive, in process control, sanitization, environmental and microbiological control, packaging and labelingcontrol,finishedproductcontrol,standardoperatingprocedures, cGMP. Q. C. standards of identity, purity, quality and potency, Q. C. Charts,sampling&samplingplans. Documentationneed/importance,batchmanufacturingrecords,SOPs, Maintenance&RetrievalofDocuments. Pilot plant scale up techniques groups responsibilities, facilities, exampleofscalingupofmanufacturingoftablets,liquidsandsemisolids. ValidationDefinition,Types,Qualification Process Validation steps & documentation (Brief), Examples Raw Materials, mixing and granulation, mixer, granulator, Validation of sterilization process and equipment microbial death kinetic terms, F Valueapplications,stepsforvalidatingsteamsterilizationmethod Productionmanagement Pharmaindustrycurrentscenario Siteselectionanddevelopmentfactorstobeconsideredindesigninga facility, layout of manufacturing facilities, environmental aspects, materials of construction, equipment selection, handling of components and containers, vendor audit, warehousing, maintenance and service aspects,Personnel qualifications, selection, responsibilities& training. Materials management, sales forecasting, inventory control, production planning,elementsofcost&costcontrols. Factory Layout considerations/ steps, Examples of Typical layout schemesforTablets,capsule,liquids,sterileformulationsmanufacturing areas. 84 |P a g e Hours 8
2. 3. 4.
3 5 5
5.
6.
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy, ed., by Leon Lachman, H. A. rd Liberman,J.L.Kanig,3 ed.,VerghesePublishinghouse,1987. st The science and practice of Pharmacy, 21 ed., Remington, Vol. I and II, B. L. PublicationsPvt.Ltd.,2005. Cole,Graham,PharmaceuticalProductionFacilities:DesignandApplication,1990. nd PharmaceuticalProcessValidation,2 Edition,NashRobertA.BerryIraR.Volume 57,1992,MarcelDekkerInc.,NewYork. Pharmaceuticaldosageformsparenteralmedications,Vol.I,II,III,ed.,byKenneth A.Avis,LeonLachmanandH.A.Liberman,MarcelDekkerINC.,1986.
NOVELDRUGDELIVERYSYSTEMS
S.No. 1. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 2
OralControlledDrugDeliverySystems a) Multiparticulate drug delivery systems (Pellets) need and significance of pelletization, techniques pan coating, extrusion and spheronization,equipments,evaluation b) Osmotic Systems Basic principles, classification, oral osmotic pumps,applications&evaluation c)Gastroretentivedrugdeliverysystems(GRDDS) Regional variability in intestinal absorption and concept of absorption window, Design of GRDDS technologies low density (Floating systems), Swelling and expanding systems, Mucoadhesive systems, highdensitysystems,EvaluationofGRDDS. Mucoadhesivedrugdeliverysystems Mucoadhesionandtheories,factorsinfluencingmucoadhesion,invitro in vivo methods to study mucoadhesion, bioadhesive polymers and systems. Oculardrugdeliverysystems Limitations of conventional systems, ophthalmic insectsnonerodible anderodibleinserts,pilocarpineocularinsert,Lacrisert,SCDI,Minidisc, NODS, polymers, particulates, enhancers, intraocular solutions, ocular iontophoresis,evaluation. Transdermaldrugdeliverysystems(TDDS) Skin and skin permeation, modes of percutaneous penetration, components of TDDS, different types of TDDS and release control mechanisms, production, evaluation of PSA and TDDS in vitro, in vivo. Introductiontotargeting,Passiveandactivetargeting a)Targetingtolymphaticsystems Anatomyoflymphaticsystem,lymphaticsinintestine,factorsenhancing intestinal drug uptake, approaches, prodrug and delivery systems examples,parentaldrugadministrationforlymphatictransport 85 |P a g e
1 2
2.
3.
4.
5.
1 2
b)Liposomes Structural components and classification, methods of preparation, size reduction,characterization,stability,applications. c)Drugtargetingtobrain The blood brain barrier, transport through blood brain barrier, factors affecting drug permeation through BBB, strategies for brain drug delivery d)Nanoparticles Preparation techniques, characterization, biodistribution, evaluation andapplications. e)ColonictargetingPhysiologyofcolon,difficultiesincolonictargeting, approaches prodrug, pH sensitive polymers, polysaccharides, time releasesystems,osmoticsystems,azopolymers,evaluation. ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Advances in controlled and novel drug delivery, ed. by N. K. Jain, CBS publishers anddistributors,2001. th ModernPharmaceutics,4 ed.RevisedandExpandeded.byGilbertS.Bankerand ChristopherT.Rhodes,MarcelDekkerINC.,2002. Targettedandcontrolleddrugdelivery,Novelcarriersystems,S.P.VyasandR.K. Khar,CBSpublishersanddistributors,2002. Controlled and Novel drug delivery, ed. by N. K. Jain, CBS publishers and distributors,1997. Controlleddrugdelivery,conceptsandadvances,S.P.VitasandR.K.Khar,Vallabh Publishers,2002. The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy, ed. by Leon Lachman, H. A. rd Liberman,J.L.Kanig,3 ed.,VerghesePublishinghouse,1987. st The science and practice of pharmacy, 21 ed., Remington, Vol. I and II, B.L. PublicationsPvt.Ltd.,2005. Bioadhesive Drug Delivery Systems Fundamentals, Novel Approaches, and Development, Mathiowitz Edith, Chickening III, Donald E., Lehr ClausMichael, Volume98,MarcelDekkerINC,NewYork,1995. Nanoarticulate Drug Delivery Systems, Thassu Deepak, Dellers Michael, Pathak Yashwant,Volume166,MarcelDekkerInc.,NewYork,2007. nd MicroencapsulationMethodsandIndustrialApplications,BenitaSimon,2 Edition, MarcelDekkerInc.,NewYork,2006. st Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery, Jain N. K. 1 Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors,NewDelhi,2004. TargetedandControlledDrugDeliveryNovelCarrierSystems,VyasS.P.KharR. st K.,1 Edition,CBSPublishersandDistributors,NewDelhi,2002. OphthalmicDrugDeliverySystems,Mitra,AshimK.,Volume58,MarcelDekkerInc., NewYork,1993. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Swabrick, Boylan, Volumes 1,6,8,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20.MarcelDekkerInc.,NewYork. OralMucosalDrugDelivery,RathboneMichaelJ.,Volume74,1996,MarcelDekker Inc.,NewYork,1996. 86 |P a g e
FORENSICPHARMACYANDJURISPRUDENCE
S.No. 1. 2. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 1 5
Historical perspective including details of Chopra Committee and Hathi Committee An objective study of the following Acts mearporating the latest amendmentsPharmacyAct1948 Definition PCIandStateCouncils,CompositionandFunction PreparationofRegistersandqualificationsforentryintoregisters EducationalRegulationandApprovalofCoursesandInstitutions OffencesandPenalties DrugsandCosmeticAct1945 Definitions AdvisorbodiesDLABandDCCCompositionandfunction DrugControlLaboratoriesandGovernmentAnalysts Drug inspectors,LicensingAuthorities, Controlling Authorities and CustomsCollectors ProvisionsGoverningImport,ManufactureandSaleofDrugs. LabelingandPackagingofDrugs ProvisionsapplicabletomanufactureandSaleofAyurvedicDrugs Provisions Governing Import, Manufacture and Sale of HomeopathicDrugs. VariousoffencesandcorrespondingPenalties BroadcontentofvariousSchedulesoftheDrugsandCosmeticAct andRules. DrugsandMagicRemedies(ObjectionableAdvertisements)Act1954. Definitions,ProhibitedAdvertisement,Savings. NarcoticDrugsandPsychotropicSubstancesAct Definitions NarcoticsCommissionerandotherofficers IllicitTrafficandmeasurestopreventillicittrafficofopium. Offencesandcorrespondingpenalties. DrugPriceControlOrder1995andnewDrugPolicy MedicinaladToiletPreparations(ExciseDuties)Act. Definitions,restrictedandunrestrictedpreparations Manufacturinginbondandoutsidebond PreventionofFoodAdulterationAct1954 Definitions Central board of food standards, central food laboratory, compositionsandfunctions Publicanalysisandfoodinspectors IndianPatentsAct1975 87 |P a g e
3.
14
4. 5.
2 2
6. 7.
2 2
8.
9.
10. 11. 12.
BombayShopsandEstablishmentsAct DefinitionsandProvisions FactoriesAct1954 DefinitionsandProvisions IndianPenalCodeandCodeofCriminalProcedures ProvisionspertainingtodifferentCourts,jurisdictionandpower Provisions governing entry, search, arrest, bailable and non bailableoffences,Cognizableandnoncognizableoffences InsecticidesAct Definitions ProcedureforlicensingandregistrationofInsecticides Savings
1 1 1
13.
ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4.
th ForensicPharmacy,KuchekarandKadtareandItkar,NiraliPrakashan,5 edition, 2005. th TextbookofForensicPharmacyN.K.Jain,Vallabhprakashan,4 edition,1999. D & C Acts, 1940 and Rules, 1945, S. W. Deshpande and Nilesh Gandhi, Sumit Publishers2006,Mumbai. Govt.ofIndiaPublicationofaboveActsandRules.
CLINICALPHARMACYANDDRUGINTERACTION
S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Topic
3hrs/week
Hours 6 6 3 16
Concept of clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy and hospital pharmacy(definition,scopeandobjectives) Conceptoftherapeuticdrugmonitoringandpatientcompliance RoleofPharmacistasapatientcouncilor Rationaluseofdrugs Drugdruginteractions possiblemechanismsandexamples Druginteractionwithfood,alcohol,tobacco AdversedrugreactionsTypesandexamples DetectionandPreventionofADR Drugsusedingeriatrics,pediatricsandpregnancy Irrationaldrugcombination Doseadjustmentinrenalandhepaticdysfunction General Introduction to drug discovery and development PreClinical Stages Clinicaldevelopmentphasesofclinicaltrials CommercialAspects
5.
ReferenceBooks: 1.
st ClinicalPharmacyDr.Tipnis,Dr.Bajaj,1 Edition,CareerPublications,2003.
88 |P a g e
2. 3. 4.
th ClinicalPharmacologyP.N.Benett,M.J.brown,9 Edition,ChurchillLivingstone, 2006. TextBookofClinicalPharmacyPracticeG.Parthisarathi,KarinNyfortHansen,Milap C.Nahata,Orientlongman,2004. rd ClinicalPharmacyandTherapeuticsRogerWalker,CliveEdwards,3 Edition, ChurchillLivingstone,2003.
PHARMACEUTICSLABORATORYV
1.
4hrs/week
S.R.oraltabletsuseofhydrophobicandhydrophilicmatrixmaterials(monolithicand reservoir)preparationandinvitroreleaseevaluation. Dissolutiontesting Marketedformulationsofconventionaltablets solubledrug& poorlysolubledrug(selectionofmedium) OphthalmicDDSMucoadhesivegelandevaluation. Acceleratedstabilitytestingofanysuitabledrug/formulation Demonstrationofsugarandfilmcoatingoftablets. Microencapsulation by coacervation phase separation technique of a liquid (volatile oil)&asolid(Charcoal/Paracetamol),evaluationoftheproducts. SRsuppositoriesPEGbaseandHydrogelbaseevaluationofinvitrorelease.
2.
3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
PHARMACOGNOSYLABORATORYIII
S.No. 1. 2. Topic
4hrs/week
Hours 8 2
Macroscopy microscopy of liquorice, clove, fennel, dill, cardamom, cinnamon,coriander,quassia,kalmegh,picrorrhiza,asparagus. Extractionanddetectionofphytoconstituentsoffollowingclasses(Anytwo examplesofeachclass) Flavonoids,glycosides(liquorice),volatileoils(clove,fennel,anise,dill) Qualitativeanalysisofunorganizeddrugsascovereddrugsascoveredin theory(asafetida,myrrh,benzoin,guggul,andaloes). MicroscopicevaluationofAyurvedicchurnaformulation&analysisoftotal tanninsfromTriphalachurna. Morphological identification of drugs covered in theory (volatile oils and glycosides)any20samples Total
3. 4. 5.
2 1 1 14
89 |P a g e
PHARMACEUTICALANALYSISLABORATORYIII 1. 2. 3.
4hrs/week
Determinationofpka1andpka2ofphosphoricacid. DeterminationofHClandphosphoricacidinagivenmixturepotentiometrically. Assay of paracetamol tablets, propanolol tablets, albendazole tablets, Rifampicin capsulesasperI.P. 4. Assayofquininesulphatebyfluorimetry. 5. Studyofquenchingeffectsofiodideionsonfluorescenceofquininesulphate. 6. Assay of phenylephrine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution by difference spectroscopy. 7. Assay of caffeine and sodium benzoate injection by simultaneous equation method andabsorbancerationmethod. 8. AssayoftrimethoprimincotrimoxazoletabletsasperI.P. 9. AssayofnifedipineandatenololtabletsbyUV. 10. DeterminationofstreptomycinbasecolorimetricallyfromInjection. 11. IdentificationofsamplebyTLC. Demonstrationexperiments: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. AssayofsamplebyHPLC/HPTLC/GC. QualitativeanalysisbyI.R. DeterminationofK+fromKCIbyflamephotometry. SelectionofmobilephaseforTLC. Identificationofaminoacidsbypaperchromatography.
90 |P a g e

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AnnexureI

ORGANICCHEMISTRYI S.No. Topic StructureandPropertiesofOrganicCompounds:Typesofbondsin organiccompounds,hybridizationof orbitals,formationofthesame andbondsformed,bondlength,bondangles,bondenergles,bond polarization

ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGYANDPATHOPHYSIOLOGYI S.No. 1. Topic BriefIntroductiontohumanbodyandorganizationofhumanbody

Structuralandfunctionalcharacteristicsoffollowingtissues Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscle Detailedstructureofcellmembraneandtransmembranemovementof substances 6 | P a g e

PHARMACEUTICSI S.No. Topic 9 | P a g e

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

ReferenceBooks: 1. U. B.Hadkar, T.N.Vasudevan, K. S. Laddha PracticalPhysicalPharmacy Yucca PublishingHouse,Dombivali,1994.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Relativestrength.Hydrochloricacid/sulphuricacid Secondorderreaction(saponification) Determinationoforderbyequalfractionmethod(firstorderreaction) Ostwaldsisolationmethodtodetermineorder

ReferenceBooks: 1. U. B Hadkar, T. N. Vasudevan, K. S. Laddha Practical Physical Pharmacy Yucca PublishingHouse,Dombivali,1994.

MICROBIOLOGYLABORATORY 1. 2. 3. Studyofmicroscopeandcommonlaboratoryequipments Gramstaining Monochromestaining 23 |P a g e

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

SYLLABUSCOPYFORSECONDYEARB.PHARM SEMESTERIII ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGYANDPATHOPHYSIOLOGYIII

ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. LachmanLeon,LiebermanHerbertA.KanigJosephL.,TheTheoryandPracticeof rd IndustrialPharmacy,3 Edition1987,VarghesePublishingHouse,Mumbai. LiebermanHerbertA.,Rieger,PharmaceuticalDosageFormsDispersed nd Systems.Volume1/2/3,2 Edition,2005,MarcelDekkerInc.NewYork.

st Remington,TheScienceandpracticeofPharmacy,21 ed.,VolumeI&IIB.L. PublicationsPvt.Ltd.,2005. th MartinA.PhysicalPharmacy,4 Ed.,Lea&Febiger,Philadelphia,London,2006. M.E.Aulton,Ed.PharmaceuticsTheScienceofDosageFormDesign,Churchill LivingstoneMedicalDivisionofLongmanGroup,U.K.Ltd.,2002.

10. WINDOWS 11. Session1 1

20. Session4 21. Session5 (B) EXCEL Session1

4.Ointment 5.Paste 6.Gels 7.Cream 8.Powders

9.Granules 10.Tablettriturates 11.Capsules 12.Pills 13.Pastilles 14.Lozenges 15.Suppositories 16.Incompatibility 17.Prepackaging

SYLLABUSCOPYFORTHIRDYEARB.PHARM SEMSETERV PHARMACEUTICALMEDICINALCHEMISTRYI

suchasstarchgrains,calciumoxalatecrystals,idoblastsetc. 9. Introductiontoplanttissuecultureanditstechniqueand applications plantgrowthregulatorsandhormones. 3

14. 15. 16.

18. 19. 20. 21.

22. 23. 24.

Websites: IndianjournalofPharmaceuticaleducationandresearch,Vol.41(1),JanMar,2007 5261(www.ipper.org)

Detectionofadulterantsfixedoils Visittomedicinalplantgarden Total

SYLLABUSCOPYFORFINALYEARB.PHARM SEMSETERVII PHARMACEUTICALMEDICINALCHEMISTRYIII

atorvastatin) *Indicatessynthesistobediscussed ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

James W. MunsonPharmaceutical Analysis, Modern methods, Marcel Dekker Inc. 1981,USA.

ReferenceBooks: 1. 2. TreaseD.&EvansW.CTextbookofPharmacognosyW.B.Saunders. TylerV.E.BradyL.R.&RobbersJ.E.PharmcognosyLeaFeibger,USA. 73 |P a g e

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

SYLLABUSCOPYFORFINALYEARB.PHARM. SEMESTERVIII PharmaceuticalMedicinalChemistryIV

1. Glycosides Saponinglycosides(liquorice,quillaia,asparagus,ginseng,dioscorea, agave,fenugreek,bacopa,hydrocotyle,alpine,smilaxAcaciaconcinna, sapiandus) 82 |P a g e

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

10. 11. 12.

th ClinicalPharmacologyP.N.Benett,M.J.brown,9 Edition,ChurchillLivingstone, 2006. TextBookofClinicalPharmacyPracticeG.Parthisarathi,KarinNyfortHansen,Milap C.Nahata,Orientlongman,2004. rd ClinicalPharmacyandTherapeuticsRogerWalker,CliveEdwards,3 Edition, ChurchillLivingstone,2003.

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