Professional Documents
Culture Documents
:
...
, 2010
:
...
// 2010.
...
Copyright , 2010
. All rights reserved.
,
, , .
,
, ,
.
.
...
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
, , ,
, , / ,
ABSTRACT
Internet and its immense development lent an incredible impetus on
all human activity and especially on sciences and mathematics. The
planning and development of Education and Mathematics in particular,
cannot be realistic without taking the Internet under consideration.
This paper presents the internet infrastructure and its course of
development in connection with mathematical education. The basic
mathematics software is presented through specific examples of
applications involving important concepts from the mathematical world
of Secondary Education.
The so-called Digital School is also mentioned as well as the
many-sided social networks. Specific examples are presented on the
ground of the learning of mathematics in Greece, taking under
consideration the related international experience.
KEYWORDS
LEARNING THEORIES, INTERNET SUBSTRUCTURE,
MATHEMATICS SOFTWARE, DIGITAL CLASS, MATHEMATICAL
ACTIVITY, EDUCATIONAL DIGITAL PORTALS.
____________________________________________________________________7
1. ______________________________________9
. ___________________________________________________9
.
________________11
. ____________________________________________________13
1. ________________________________________________________13
2. ________________________________________________________14
3. - _____________14
4. (portals) _________________________________________________15
5. ____________________________________________________16
2. ____________________________________18
.. (Interactive whiteboard IWB) ________________________________18
B. On-line - ______________________________________19
. ___________________________20
3. __________________________________________________22
1: ______________________________________________________22
2: __________________________________________26
3: _____________________________________________29
4: ______________________________________31
5: _____________________________33
6: - ____________35
4. ____________________________________40
. ___________________________________________40
. _______________________________42
. Fora ____________________________________________________________43
5. ____45
________________________________________________________49
__________________________________________________________50
__________________________________________________________________51
(Web), .
.
,
,
,
.
, 2
,
.
,
.
,
,
. ,
,
,
.
,
,
. 1
.
,
,
.
2
7
.
, ,
.
on line .
3 ,
.
,
.
(case studies) , ,
.
.
4
2 .
.
.
1
. .
,
,
. :
,.
J.B. Watson, E.L. Thorndike, B.F.
Skinner I. Pavlov
.
(F.Skinner) (Instructional
Design). )
)
) ) )
( Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement,
Evaluate) [ 2008 . 25 ].
(tutorials),
.
( tutorials) ( drill and practice)
,
, ...
,
.
(constructivism),
,
,
.
9
J.Piaget J.Brunner
. [Bigge M. 1990] ,
(cognitive)
. [ . 2002]
,
,
web 2.0
. [Berners-Lee T., .. 2006]
,
web 3.0 web 2020
web 4.0,
.
10
.
. 2
.
.
.
. ,
.
, .
.
/
, ,
(portals),
, ...
,
, ,
, ,
.
(higher order cognitive skills),
, ,
,
,
[Steeples C and Jones C 2002 Berlin].
;
.
,
Google Wolphramalpha
.
, ,
,
The European Schoolnet [http://www.eun.org].
11
, ,
,
. :
_Canadas Schoolnet [ http://www.schoolnet.ca ]
_Global Schoolnet Foundation [ http://www.gsn.org ]
_Educasource [ http://www.educasource.education.fr ].
( , ,
...)
.
.
.
Tim BernersLee ,
CERN W3C
consortium, (Semantic Web).
o W3C
.
/
.
semantic web
.
(scaffolding)
.
.
CTAT (Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools)
.
12
.
(search engines),
(directories), (portals)
(education brokers),
(knowledge
brokers).
1
o
(information retrieval)
(crawlers),
/
.
.
Google, Msn, Ask Jeeves).
. Dogpile
[www.dogpille.com].
, o Scirus [www.scirus.com]
(papers)
.
(..
dialup )
.
scirus.
[http://www.scirus.com/press/pdf/whitepaper_scirus.pdf ].
13
2
(web directories)
,
.
,
,
.
Yahoo! Open
Directory Project (O.D.P.).
3
(Learning Objects
Repositories)
,
.
, ,
, /
.
-.
, , Java applet
,
.
,
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
(standard)
-. Learning
Object Metadata (LOM) L IEEE 1484.12.1 2002 Standard
for Learning Object Metadata [http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/]
14
.
Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC)
...(http://www.eric.ed.gov) , Edusource (http://www.edusource.ca) ,
World Lecture Hall (http://www.utexas.edu/worldlecture) , Globewide Network
Academy (http://www.gnacademy.org) , Multimedia Educational Resource for
Learning and Online Teaching (MERLOT) ..
4 (portals)
(portal),
,
,
. , ,
www.sch.gr,
: ,
, e-mail .
15
.
/ e-yliko.gr
, ,
,
(http://www.e-yliko.gr).
(http://pi-schools.gr).
.
,
(http://www.edra.ipet.gr).
e-
(http://www.pekp.gr).
e-paideia , , , ,
(http://e-paideia.net).
Alfavita: ,
, ,
(http://www.alfavita.gr).
5
(
... )
,
,
/
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
16
.
,
,
,
(
), ,
,
.
:
(Interoperability)
(Reusability)
(Accessibility)
17
2
. (Interactive Whiteboard
IWB)
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
[Kline M, 1993].
2 , , ,
(...)
. 2009 2010
,
. ,
.
, ,
.
/
.
.
().
.
, ,
, , ...
18
, ,
.
.
,
, .
,
.
,
.
,
.
, 100 %
.
, . ,
[
, 2009].
) On line
, ,
, . ,
video
, .
, ,
, , , on line
.
, , ,
on line
, .
,
.
,
19
, .
http://www.curriculum online.gov.uk,
www.thplearning.federation.edu.au, http://clee.on.ca,
Wisconsin on line www.wisc-online.com,
www.e-yliko.gr.
opensoft.sch.gr,
/ (/).
, , ,
.
.
)
,
.
.
20
1. Cabri :
drill & practice.
2. Cabri 3D:
.
3. The Geometers Sketchpad (GSP):
.
4. Function
Probe:
.
.
5. Modellus: ,
,
.
6. Geogebra:
, ,
.
7. IQ plus: ,
.
(Intelligent Tutoring Systems).
, [
, 2006].
,
power point,
(animation) (links)
, , video ,
.
21
3
6
5
.
.
,
:
1:
2:
3:
4: -
5:
6:
1 :
: .
: . . .2.1
: IQ Plus, Cabri- geometry II Cabri- geometry 3D
: , ,
, ,
:
: ppt .
IQ Plus
Cabri- geometry II Cabri- geometry 3D.
.
22
)
.
.
ppt
.
) IQ Plus
16
23
(
).
)
4cm 5cm.
5cm
5cm
4cm
Cabri- geometry II
.
)
.
24
.
:
.
Cabri- geometry 3D
.
)
,
IQ Plus. ,
25
(, , )
.
2:
: . . 3.1
:
: Function Probe Geogebra
: , ,
.
:
: ppt .
+=
, ,
.
) Function Probe
:
y=
12 3 x
4
3 x + 4 y = 12
26
.
) Geogegra
,, .
,
.
( )
.
.
27
28
3:
: .
:
: .. 1.1, 1.2, 1.6
: Geogebra
: , ,
.
:
: ppt .
.
:
y = x, x [ 0, 2 ]
) Geogebra
x2 + y 2 = 1
,
.
,
, (1,0)
x [ 0, 2 ] .
29
) s=
D(s, x)
D
.
) :
y = ( x ), , R
30
)
:
y = a ( x + ),
y = x,
y = a x + b x
.
(, ,
, )
4: -
: ( /)
:
:
( )
: Geogebra
: , ,
.
:
: ppt
.
) y =
1
x
geogebra
:
1, 2, 3,
2.
:
2 3
=
= ... = 2
1 2
31
1, 2, 3,
1,2,3, :
a2
1
a xdx,
1
a3
1
a xdx,
2
a4
1
a xdx, . . .
3
:
a2
2
1
dx = ln x a2 = ln a ln a = ln a2 = ln 2
ln
dx
x
=
(
)
2
1
a x a
a1
a1
1
1
.
)
geogebra
.
.
.
32
5:
:
:
:
: Cabri- geometry 3D
: , ,
.
:
: ppt
.
)
Cabri- geometry 3D,
805km
,
33
7,2
.
)
.
)
.
:
34
6:
: (, ).
: -
7 . 68 .
8 .72
: Excel Microsoft Geogebra
: , ,, ,
.
:
: ppt .
Excel Microsoft
Geogebra
.
35
, .
) Excel
(. 7)
. :
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
11
9
6
...
...
)
.
. :
36
8%
5%
8%
15%
22%
27%
-
15%
) Geogebra
8 40
4
.
(, , ,
)
37
38
,
.
, .
,
.
,
, , ,
,
.
.
39
4
,
for .
.
,
.
,
...
, .
1918 (
2009 2010 ).
.
3
, 20.000 ,
50.000 2 .
2 15,5 18,5 ,
. 2004
...
45 (International Mathematical
Olympiad).
.
...
4 . ...
.
.
,
.
,
,
40
,
.
:
1. http://www.hms.gr/activities/competitions
.
2. http://excalibur.math.hk
1987 .
3. http://cemc.uwaterloo.ca
: Pascal, Caley, Fermat,
Euler, Descartes.
4. http://www.unl.edu/amc
AJHSME, AHSME,
AIME, USAMO.
5. http://math.sch.edu/putnam/index.html
Putnam
...
6. http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~smsweb/competitions
.
.
7. http://www.amt.canberra.edu.au/wfnmcj.html
.
8. http://www.geosities.com/mkatoozian/math
.
9. http://www.mandelbrot.org
Mandelbrot
Fractals.
10. http://www.mathforum.com/library
, , , ,
, ...
41
.
,
.
, ,
.
, .
,
.
Fora ,
, , ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
.
.
,
,
.
,
10 .
,
.
.
. ,
. , , ,
.
42
.
.
Steffen Hawking.
FOR
Fora blogs.
,
,
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
,
..., ..,
...,
:
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
, ,
,
...
) .
43
,
. .
,
.
Fora .
Fora:
1) www.mathematica.gr
2) http://www.telemath.gr
3) http://www.thalesandfriends.org/gr/index.php
.
4)
http://www.geocities.com/omadamaths/
5) http://user.ira.sch.gr/thafounar/
6) Forum
http://forum.math.uoa.gr/
7) ...
http://www.edrantua.gr/forum/forumdisplay.php
8)
sch.gr/oran/home/home.html
http://users.att.
9) http://www.mathsforyou.gr/
10)
http://www.sch.gr
11)
http://www.math.uoc.gr1080/
Fora:
1) http://mathworld.wolfrom.com
2) http://ams.org/mathweblmi_journals.html
.
3) http://www.khake.come/page47
4) http://www.math-atlas.org/
5) http://www.math.fsu.edu/Virtual/ .
44
,
,
.
10 ,
,
, ,
, ...
, 12 13
,
,
.
...
..,
.
,
:
)
.
) .
) .
) .
)
.
1)
.
2)
.
45
3)
.
, ,
, .
4) .
.
, ,
,
.
)
1)
:
.
,
.
, ,
.
2)
.
... 100% ,
. 2
,
.
,
.
.
. on line ,
,
.
46
.
) .
1)
.
2)
,
.
3)
.
4)
.
)
, ,
. PISA
(Program for International Student Assessment)
,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
.
,
.
.
47
, .
.
[Appel, ea 1977].
Lorenz Fractal
[ucker 1999].
. -,
.
.
.
6 3
5
.
48
. 2005,
. 22 .. ... .
. 2008,
. 25 .. ... .
. 2005,
Excel. 22 .. ... .
. 2006, ,
Sketchpad, Cabri 3D & 3D Grapher. 23 ..
... .
, . 2008,
Cabri geometry II ( Feuerbach, Steiner).
2 ... .
.
()
2008, , .
. 1997,
.
Gutenberg.
. 2005, .
.
22 . ...
. 2002, ,
, .
. & . 2001,
. 5
. /.
. 2003, ..
, 20
... .
. 2004, :
.
21 .. ... .
49
, , . 2006,
. 23 ..
... .
, , . 2008,
. 25
.. ... .
. 2002, , ,
.
. & . 2003, ..
. 20
... .
, , . 2008,
...
. 25 .. ...
, , .
. 2008,
Power Point . .
Appel K. , Haken W. Koch J. 1977, "Every Planar Map is Four
Colorable", Illinois Journal of Mathematics 21, 439567
Appel, K. , Haken W. 1977 , "Solution of the Four Color Map Problem",
Scientific American 237 (4): 10812
Berners-Lee T., all W., Hendler J. A., Oara K., Shadbolt N.,
Weitzner D. J. 2007, Web,
. , hyperconsult.
Betcher C. and Lee M. 2009, Whiteboard Revolution - Teaching with
IWBs, Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd, ACER PRESS,.
Bigge M. 1990, ,
, .
Kline M. 1993, ,
, .
50
www.mathematica.gr
http://www.telemath.gr
http://www.thalesandfriends.org/gr/index.php
http://www.geocities.com/omadamaths/
http://user.ira.sch.gr/thafounar/
http://forum.math.uoa.gr/
http://www.edrantua.gr/forum/forumdisplay.php
http://users.att. sch.gr/oran/home/home.html
http://www.mathsforyou.gr/
http://www.sch.gr
http://www.math.uoc.gr1080/
Fora:
http://mathworld.wolfrom.com
http://ams.org/mathweblmi_journals.html
http://www.khake.come/page47 http://www.math-atlas.org/
http://www.math.fsu.edu/Virtual/
52