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Single Line Diagrams: Concept of Bus
Single Line Diagrams: Concept of Bus
Figure 2 Single Line Diagram showing bus arrangement of a substation. Single line diagrams like in figure 2 are used to illustrate the layout of buses in a substation. The arrangement of figure two is called a breaker and a half. There are three breakers for every two connections of lines or transformers to the bus, i.e. 1 breakers per termination.
4 Figure 3 shows a small power system. Any information that is required is added to the SLD. In this case connections of generator and transformer windings, as well as the method of grounding the neutral are indicated. This type of SLD has often also specified the size of the equipment in MVAs, voltage levels, and any other relevant information. (see figure 4)
500 A 5A
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500A 5A
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5 Figure 5 shows a radial system of two lines. The buses represent two distribution stations. The outgoing lines have breakers only on the supply end. There are current transformers on the supply end of each breaker. The current transformers are connected to overcurrent relays. Dashed lines between the relays and the breakers indicate a functional relationship; in this case operation of overcurrent relays causes the associated breaker to trip. This type of SLD is used for calculation of fault current and setting and coordination of the relays.