Single Line Diagram of 11kV Substation Substation provides the energy supply for the local area in which

the line is located. The main function of the substatio

n is to collect the energy transmitted at high voltage from the generating station and then reduce the voltage to an appropriate value for local distribution and gi
ves facilities for switching. The substation is of two types one is the simple switching type where the different connection between transmission line are made and the
ther is the converting stations which convert AC to DC or vice versa or convert frequency from higher to lower or lower to higher. The substation has an additi
onal function like they provide points where safety devices may be installed to disconnect equipment or circuit in the event of the fault. The synchronous condenser is
placed at the end of the transmission line for improving the power factor and for measuring the operation at the various part of the power system. Street lighting, as well
s the switching control for street lighting, can be installed in a substation. The single line diagram of an 11 KV substation is shown in the figure below. The
single line diagram makes the system easy and it provides the facilitates reading of the electrical supply and connection. substation-layout Main Components of 11kV
Substation The working of the electrical equipment used in the substation is explained below in details. Isolator – The isolator connects or disconnects the incoming circu
it when the supply is already interrupted. It is also used for breaking the charging current of the transmission line. The isolator is placed on the supply side of the
circuit breaker so that the circuit breaker isolated from the live parts of the maintenance. Lightning Arrester – The lightning arrester is a protective device which
protects the system from lightning effects. It has two terminals one is high voltage and the other is the ground voltage. The high voltage terminal is connec
ted to the transmission line and the ground terminal passes the high voltage surges to earth. CT Metering – The metering CT measure and records the current w
hen their secondary terminal is connected to the metering equipment panel. Step-down Transformer – The step-down transformer converts the high voltage current into the
low voltage current. Capacitor Bank – The capacitor bank consists series or parallel connection of the capacitor. The main function of the capacitor bank is to improve the
power factor of the line. It draws the leading current to the line by reducing the reactive component of the circuit. Circuit Breaker – The circuit breaker interrupts
the abnormal or faults current to flow through the line. It is
Single-line diagram
Language
Download PDF
Watch
Edit
In power engineering, a single-line diagram (SLD), also sometimes called one-line diagram, is a simplified notation for representing a three-phase power
system.[1]

A typical one-line diagram with annotated power flows. Red boxes represent circuit breakers, grey lines represent three-phase bus and interconnecting
conductors, the orange circle represents an electric generator, the green spiral is an inductor, and the three overlapping blue circles represent a double-
wound transformer with a tertiary winding.
The one-line diagram has its largest application in power flow studies. Electrical elements such as circuit breakers, transformers, capacitors, bus bars,
and conductors are shown by standardized schematic symbols.[1] Instead of representing each of three phases with a separate line or terminal, only
one conductor is represented.

It is a form of block diagram graphically depicting the paths for power flow between entities of the system. Elements on the diagram do not represent
the physical size or location of the electrical equipment, but it is a common convention to organize the diagram with the same left-to-right, top-to-
bottom sequence as the switchgear or other apparatus represented. A one-line diagram can also be used to show a high level view of conduit runs for a
PLC control system.

Single Line Diagram

The single line diagram is circuit diagram where “one-line” is shown to represent three phases of a three phase power system. In addition to showing
the ratings and size of electrical equipment and circuit conductors, a properly drawn one-line diagram will also show an electrically correct distribution
of power with respect to current flow from the power source to the downstream loads or panelboards.

Importance of Single Line Diagrams:

It is used to analyze a building’s electrical system,

Building maintenance staff and electricians rely on one-line diagrams to show them the way around the electrical system,
Inaccuracy in this documentation and failure to update one-line diagrams on a regular basis as electrical systems invariably grow over time often results
in increased down time when system failures occur,
Facility supervisors may use the info found in single-line diagrams to greatly enhance the performance of service activities,
The single line diagram offers several benefits to the facility it outlines, especially: identification of possible problem places, improved safety conformity,
and enhanced staff safety.

Construction of Single Line Diagrams:

Single-line diagram is a simplified notation for representing a three-phase power system; Instead of representing each of three phases with a separate
line or terminal, only one conductor is represented.
Electrical elements such as circuit breakers, transformers, capacitors, bus bars, and conductors are shown by standardized schematic symbols.
Elements on the diagram do not represent the physical size or location of the electrical equipment.
On one-line power diagrams, components are usually arranged in order of decreasing voltage levels. The highest voltage component is shown at the top
right of the drawing. In order to find out how power is supplied to a component, start at the component and trace the flow of power backwards
through the drawing. This method will be most useful in locating the correct circuit breaker to isolate a component for maintenance
You can read the single line diagram from the top to the bottom or from left to right of the diagram.

The one-line diagram provides the following information:

Manufacturers type designations, and ratings of devices.

Ratios of current and power transformers, taps to be used in multi-ratio transformers, and connections of double-ratio transformers.
Rating connections of wye and delta power transformer windings
Circuit breaker ratings in volts and amperes.
The interrupting rating, type, and number of trip coils on circuit breakers.
Switch and fuse ratings in volts and amperes.
Function of relays.
The sizes, type, and number of incoming and outgoing cables.
The voltage, phase, and frequency of incoming and outgoing circuits. The available short circuit and ground currents of the power company system, and
type of ground used.
Metered points and type of metering.
The amount of the load on all feeders.