Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Gii thiu Cc ngn ng giao tip Ngn ng nh ngha d liu Ngn ng thao tc d liu Ngn ng truy vn d liu c cu trc Ngn ng iu khin d liu
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 2
1. Gii thiu
L ngn ng chun truy vn v thao tc trn CSDL quan h L ngn ng phi th tc Khi ngun ca SQL l SEQUEL - Structured English Query Language, nm 1974) Cc chun SQL SQL89 SQL92 (SQL2) SQL99 (SQL3)
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 3
Chui k t
S
CTHD (SOHD,MASP,SL)
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 8
V d: Sa Ct Ghi_chu thnh kiu d liu varchar(50) Nu sa kiu d liu ca ct Ghi_chu thnh varchar(5), m trc nhp gi tr cho ct Ghi_chu c di hn 5 k t th khng c php. Hoc sa t kiu chui k t sang kiu s,
13
V d
V d:
Alter table CTHD drop constraint FK_CT_SP Alter table SANPHAM drop constraint ck_gia
Lu : i vi rng buc kha chnh, mun xa rng buc ny phi xa ht cc rng buc kha ngoi tham chiu ti n
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 15
C php
DROP TABLE tn_bng
V d: xa bng KHACHHANG.
DROP TABLE KHACHHANG
Lu : khi mun xa mt bng phi xa tt c nhng kha ngoi tham chiu ti bng trc.
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 16
17
C php
INSERT INTO tn_bng (ct1,,ctn) VALUES (gi_tr_1,., gi_tr_n) INSERT INTO tn_bng VALUES (gi_tr_1, gi_tr_2,, gi_tr_n)
V d:
insert into SANPHAM values('BC01','But chi', 'cay', 'Singapore', 3000) insert into SANPHAM(masp,tensp,dvt,nuocsx,gia) values ('BC01','But chi','cay','Singapore',3000)
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 18
4.2 Sa d liu
C php UPDATE tn_bng SET ct_1 = gi_tr_1, ct_2 = gi_tr_2 . [WHERE iu_kin] Lu : cn thn vi cc lnh xa v sa, nu khng c iu kin WHERE ngha l xa hoc sa tt c. V d: Tng gi 10% i vi nhng sn phm do Trung Quoc sn xut
4.3 Xa d liu
C php
DELETE FROM tn_bng [WHERE iu_kin]
V d:
Xa ton b nhn vin DELETE FROM NHANVIEN Xa nhng sn phm do Trung Quc sn xut c gi thp hn 10000 DELETE FROM SANPHAM WHERE (Gia <10000) and (Nuocsx=Trung Quoc)
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT
20
22
Tng ng php chiu ca SQH Lit k cc thuc tnh cn hin th trong kt qu Tng ng vi iu kin chn trong SQH iu kin lin quan ti thuc tnh, s dng cc php ni lun l AND, OR, NOT, cc php ton so snh, BETWEEN
Lit k cc quan h cn thit, cc php kt
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 23
WHERE
FROM
24
In ra danh sch cc khch hng (MAKH, HOTEN) mua hng trong ngy 1/1/2007. select KHACHHANG.makh,hoten from KHACHHANG inner join HOADON on KHACHHANG.makh=HOADON.makh where nghd='1/1/2007'
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT
25
sohd, hoten HOADON left join KHACHHANG on HOADON.makh=KHACHHANG.makh sohd, hoten HOADON ,KHACHHANG HOADON.makh*=KHACHHANG.makh
26
Distinct: trng ch ly mt ln
Ton t so snh: =, >,<,>=,<=,<> Ton t logic: AND, OR, NOT Php ton: +, - ,* , / BETWEEN . AND IS NULL, IS NOT NULL LIKE (_ %) IN, NOT IN EXISTS , NOT EXISTS SOME, ALL
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 28
Select sohd from HOADON where makh is Null Select * from HOADON where makh is Not Null Select gia*1.1 as [gia ban] from SANPHAM where nuocsx<>Viet Nam Select * from SANPHAM where (gia between 20000 and 30000) OR (nuocsx=Viet Nam)
Select * from SANPHAM where masp NOT IN (BB01,BB02,BB03)
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 29
% : thay th mt chui k t bt k
_ : thay th mt k t bt k
select distinct sohd from CTHD where masp='BB01' and sohd IN (select distinct sohd from CTHD where masp='BB02') select distinct A.sohd from CTHD A where A.masp='BB01' and EXISTS (select * from CTHD B where B.masp='BB02 and A.sohd=B.sohd)
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 31
select distinct sohd from CTHD where masp='BB01' and sohd NOT IN (select distinct sohd from CTHD where masp='BB02') select distinct A.sohd from CTHD A where A.masp='BB01' and NOT EXITST (select * from CTHD B where B.masp='BB02 and A.sohd=B.sohd)
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 32
Select sohd from HOADON where not exists (select * from SANPHAM where nuocsx=Trung Quoc and not exists (select * from CTHD where HOADON.sohd=CTHD.sohd and CTHD.masp=SANPHAM.masp))
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 33
Nam
Nam Nam N Nam Nam N N
NV002
NV001 NV002 NV001 NV002 NV003 NV003 NV003
DH
NC DH NC DH NC NC NC
2.000.000
2.300.000 1.800.000 2.500.000 2.000.000 1.800.000 1.800.000 2.000.000
35
V d
1. Tnh lng thp nht, cao nht, trung bnh v tng lng ca tt c cc nhn vin. 2. C tt c bao nhiu nhn vin 3. Bao nhiu nhn vin c ngi qun l 4. Bao nhiu phng ban c nhn vin trc thuc 5. Tnh lng trung bnh ca cc nhn vin
6. Tnh lng trung bnh ca cc nhn vin theo tng phng ban
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 36
1. Tnh lng thp nht, cao nht, trung bnh v tng lng ca tt c cc nhn vin. SELECT min(luong) as thapnhat, max(luong) as caonhat, avg(luong) as trungbinh, sum(luong) as tongluong
FROM
NhanVien
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 37
Select count(*) FROM NhanVien WHERE manql is not null SELECT count(Manql) FROM NhanVien
6. Tnh lng trung bnh ca cc nhn vin theo tng phng ban.
SELECT FROM GROUP BY phong, avg(LUONG) as LUONGTB NhanVien phong
Khoa HTTT - i hc CNTT 40
41