Galileo galilei

Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and designer who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. He was born in Pisa, February 15, 1564 and died in Arcetri, near Florence, January 8, 1642. Among his technical achievements, he perfected the telescope, which allowed him to make observations that have changed the discipline. He thus established a strong advocate of the Copernican conception of the universe, heliocentrism, and was then struck to criticism from supporters of geocentrism and from the Roman Catholic Church. He discovered four of Jupiters moons almost four hundred years ago.

Slide rule. His first full publication in 1606 Il compasso militare e geometrico was written to defend his invention against a similar device invented in Milan by Baldassare Capra. Printed advertising is not an invention of our time. Reinforced magnet. In the Dialogue of 1632 (third day), he described how in his opinion the reinforcement should augment the magnetic force. If you havent heard of it, dont worry, it doesnt work. Microscope. Galileo called it Occhialino (little glasses), but Giovanni Faber of the Academia dei Lincei coined the name microscope for it. The principle of how a microscope works were worked on since about 1600 and several other people had constructed one prior to Galileo. The invention of the first microscope, though, is attributed to Hans and Sacharias Janssen in Middelburg in 1590. Jovilabium. The device would have allowed seamen to compute

their longitudinal position with the help of Jupiters moons. The Dutch government had set out a prize of 30,000 guilders to the inventor of a precise method to do just that, but Galileo never managed to claim the sum despite several tries. Thermometer. His thermometer worked but was not too precise. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit would perfect it to fully working instrument in 1710. Hydrostatic balance. This device allowed measuring the specific weight of objects. Pendulum clock. He brought the theory to paper, but never built it. His son Vincenzo started building it, but didnt finish it before he died. The invention is therefore attributed to Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens as the first patent holder. Swiss Army Knife. Only in drawing, Galileo combined a hair comb with spoon and knife. Maybe some basic idea about hygiene made him desist from building and using it. Tube telescope. The lens based tube telescope was not an invention by Galileo, and he never claimed it as his invention. The myth of him being its inventor was propagated by various literary inventions; the most influential of these was probably Bertolt Brechts drama which was used to produce several films. Tube telescopes appeared from three different lens making shops in the Netherlands all at about the same time; Hans Lipperhey from Middelburg and Jacob Metius from Alkmaar applied for a patent, while Sacharias Janssen was already selling it at the Frankfurt Fair. Horse drawn pump. Galileo was granted a patent on his horse drawn water pump.

Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein is possibly the most famous scientist who ever lived! He was a theoretical physicist and mathematician, and a genius. One of his better known achievements was the mass-energy equivalence equation: E = mc2. Einstein developed the theory of relativity and he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect. His contributions amounted to a radical change in world view. Before Einstein, certain things were simply assumed to be true. Among them were the "laws" gravity and falling bodies as they had been outlined by Isaac Newton. Also, it was generally believed that 'time' itself was a physical constant: Everyone and everything would experience the passage of time the same way as everyone and everything else. His theory of special relativity predicted that this was not true, and was later validated by experiments with atomic clocks. Einstein's work shows that while Newton's equations work for moving objects that are part of our observed world, including the planets, the concepts of velocity, gravity and time work much differently when you are dealing with the speed of light. Mass and time change in amazing ways when objects approach the speed of light. Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Wrttemberg, Germany. He later renounced his German citizenship, and became a Swiss citizen in 1901. In 1900, Einstein attained a degree in physics at ETH Zrich -- the

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (FIT) in Zurich. He received a doctorate from the University of Zrich in 1905. Einstein married Mileva Mari in 1903 and later divorced her. They had three children (two sons and a daughter). In 1919, he married his cousin Elsa Lwenthal. Einstein fled Germany in 1933 to escape the Nazis because he was a pacifist and a Jew. He became a US citizen in 1940. Einstein died on April 18, 1955 (aged 76), in Princeton, New Jersey, US. Atomic Bomb It is considered as one of the notable inventions by Einstein. Answer to the question whether Einstein himself invented the atomic bomb, is not that straightforward. The equation e=mc, formulated by him played an important role in the development of this nuclear weapon. As per the equation e=mc, mass and energy are interchangeable to a certain extent. Einstein however, was not a part of the team which developed the atom bomb. He had written a letter to the US President Roosevelt urging him to build the atomic bomb before the invasive Germans attempted to do so. He however, condemned the use of atomic bomb by USA - which led to destruction in Hiroshima. Einstein Refrigerator It is an absorption refrigerator which makes use of heat for running/fueling the cooling system. Albert Einstein invented this refrigerator jointly with Leo Szilard, a former student. The Einstein Refrigerator was patented on 11th November, 1930. Objective of Einstein and Szilard in developing this refrigerator was to make improvements in

the home refrigeration technology. News of an accident, which took place due to breaking of a refrigerator seal was the reason why Einstein and Szilard tried to find a safe alternative. Specialty of the Einstein Refrigerator is that it doesn't incorporate any moving parts. Photoelectric Effect In a paper on the subject of photoelectric effect, Einstein stated that light is made up of particles. It was also stated that these light particles (photons) contain energy. Energy present in photons is proportional to that of frequency of radiation. The relation between energy and radiation frequency is presented with the help of a formula, E=hu. In this formula, 'E' stands for energy while 'u' symbolizes frequency of radiation. The symbol 'h' denotes Planck's constant. Earlier, it was considered that light traveled in the form of waves. The discovery and studies made by Einstein helped in understanding some of these basic concepts of physics. The concept of quantum revolutionized the study of physics. Albert Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1921 for his research on the subject of photoelectric effect. The Special Theory of Relativity This theory was developed by Albert Einstein in his attempt to reconcile the laws of electromagnetic field with those of classical mechanics. The essence or core of this theory incorporate two fundamental concepts. The first concept is that the uniform motion is always relative. Second concept is that 'the state of rest' cannot be defined i.e. it is not absolute. The special theory of relativity was presented by Einstein in a paper titled 'On the

Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies' in 1905. General Theory of Relativity The explanations about 'The General Theory of Relativity' had all started with a postulate presented by Einstein. Research about the Theory of Relativity is amongst the important accomplishments of Albert Einstein. The important postulate of Einstein can be quoted as follows, "gravitational fields are equivalent to accelerations of the frame of reference". This postulate can be elaborated with the help following example. People in an elevator (which is descending) are unable to understand which force (gravitation or acceleration of elevator) actually governs their own motion. The inventions of Albert Einstein inventions and his theories were of great help to scientists of 20th century. The theory of relativity as proposed by this famous scientist can be considered a milestone in the history of scientific development. Information about these inventions and theories should help readers gain an insight into the important works of Albert Einstein.